Well-designed discourse activities should use _______ materials and create conditions where real-world discourse is most likely to be encouraged.

We cannot expect him to continue these activities under such ( ) circumstances.

A、favorate

B、unfavorable

C、favorable

D、unfavorably

We note with satisfaction that all these activities have helped to ______ mutual understanding and friendship between our two countries.

A．propel

B．promote

C．strengthen

D．depress

We note with satisfaction that all these activities have helped to _________ mutual understanding and friendship between our two countries.

A．propel

B．promote

C．strengthen

D．depress

In addition to their academic work, children in the United States are offered a wide range of activities in the after-school hours.

These are designed to help【C1】______their skills, abilities and appreciation of life; to give them a chance to practice leadership and【C2】______responsibilities;【C3】______school courses; and to provide additional outlets and stimuli. There is often a【C4】______of activities from which to choose, such as nature clubs, musical organizations, science clubs, art and drama groups, or language clubs. A【C5】______selection of sport activities is always available.【C6】______every school has a student-run newspaper; often a photographic darkroom is also【C7】______. Some of these activities take place during the school day, but【C8】______are held after classes are over.【C9】______they are optional they【C10】______a part of the American educational experience. Parents encourage their children to participate in those programs that【C11】______suit their own special talents and interests. Much is learned during these off-duty hours, especially in【C12】______of human "give-and-take". Americans believe this【C13】______human relationships, social skills, and a well-trained body,【C14】______intellectual development. Both【C15】______and college admissions officers in the United States carefully consider the extracurricular activities【C16】______students have participated, both during their free time after school and also during the long holidays. These indicate to them【C17】______of a young person's leadership potential, enthusiasm, creativity,【C18】______of interest, vitality and personality. They weigh these qualities, together with the academic record, in order to【C19】______a student's intelligence, perseverance, and ability to use what he knows,【C20】______merely repeating it by rote on examination papers.

【C1】

A．broaden

B．extend

C．stretch

D．concentrate

Should struggling students be banned from clubs and sports?

Getting a bad grade in Rockingham, Vt. could get you kicked off the team! School officials there are considering new guidelines that would prevent students with bad grades from participating in extracurricular activities, such as sports and clubs. The proposal would affect students in eighth grade and below.

School board member Mike says the policy would motivate students to work harder in school. He drafted a letter to coaches, parents, and after-school program leaders to encourage them to allow only kids who are meeting certain academic standards into their program.

Not everyone gives such policy an A+. Some people argue that no student should be excluded from after-school activities. They say taking part in extracurricular activities can help kids do better in class by improving their participation and concentration skills. They say a 2009 study from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention found that time spent in extracurricular physical activities does not take away from students' ability to do well in the classroom . In fact, it may even help boost girls' academic performance.

Students themselves have different opinions.

SCHOOL COMES FIRST

Why not require good grades to participate in those activities?

Kids need to understand that grades are important. School comes first, period. Getting good

grades help you with life, help you go to college, get a job, and so on. Banning underachieving students from extracurricular activities not only gives them motivation to get their grades up, but allows more time to study or get help from a tutor.

DON' T BAN STUDENTS

Every student should be able to participate in extracurricular activities, no matter what his or her grades are. Extracurricular activities can help kids concentrate more on doing homework. They can help kids develop mentally and physically.

A school policy that tells kids with bad grades that they can't be in sports or the school play is like judging a book by its cover. Every student is unique. A kid may have a learning disability, an attention issue, or a difficult time studying in his or her home environment. His or her teachers should find why the student is struggling. Together they should find out a solution that will keep the student in the activity.

Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the underlined word "excluded"?

A．protected

B．approved

C．blamed

D．banned

"It is impossible that old prejudices and hostilities should longer exist, while such an instrument has been created for the exchange of thought between all the nations of the earth, "acclaimed Victorian enthusiasts the arrival in 1858 of the first transatlantic telegraph cable. People say that sort of things about new technologies, even today. Biotechnology is said to be the cure for world hunger. The sequencing of the human genome(基因组) will supposedly uproot cancer and other diseases. The wildest optimism, though, has greeted the Internet. A whole industry of Internet has attracted audiences with claims that the Internet will prevent wars, reduce pollution, and combat various forms of inequality. However, although the Internet is still young enough to inspire idealism, it has also been around long enough to test whether the prophets(先知) can be right.

Grandest of all the claims are those made by some of the experts at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology about the Internet's potential as a force for peace. Nicholas Negroponte, has declared that, thanks to the Internet, the children of the future "are not going to know what nationalism is". His colleague, Michael Dertouzos, has written that digital communications will bring" computer-aided peace" which" may help avoid future fight of ethnic hatred and national breakups". The idea is that improved communications will reduce misunderstandings and transfer conflict.

This is not new, any more than were the claims for the peace-making possibilities of other new technologies. In the early years of the 20th century, airplanes were expected to end wars, by promoting international communication and (less credibly) by making armies out-of-date, since they would be weak to attack from the air. After the First World War had dispelled such notions, it was the turn of radio. "Nation shall speak peace unto nation," ran the fine motto of Britain's BBC World Service.Sadly, Radio of Rwanda disproved the idea that radio was an intrinsically (固有的) peace force once and for all.

The mistake people make is to assume that wars are caused simply by the failure of different peoples to understand each other adequately. Indeed, even if that were true, the Internet can also be used to advocate conflict. Hate speech and intolerance develop in its dark comers, where government finds it hard to intervene. Although the Internet undeniably fosters communication, it will not put an end to war.

Nowadays, the 1858 acclaim by enthusiasts is still used to describe ______.

A．the merits of biotechnology

B．the significance of new technology

C．the prospect of the Internet

D．the sequencing of human genome

Some Knowledge about Human Resources Management

The Human Resources Management (HRM) function includes a variety of activities, and the key them is deciding what staffing needs you have and whether to use independent contractors or hire employees to fill these needs, recruiting and training the best employees, ensuring they are high performers, dealing (31) performance issues, and ensuring that your personnel and management practices conform (32) various regulations. Activities also include managing your approach (33) employee benefits and compensation, employee records and personnel policies. Usually small businesses (for-profit or nonprofit) have to carry out these activities themselves because they can't yet afford part-time or full-time help. (34) they should always ensure that employees have and are aware (35) personnel policies which conform. to current regulations. These policies are often in the (36) of employee manuals, which all employees have.

Note (37) some people distinguish a difference between HRM (a major management activity) and HRD (Human Resource Development). Those people might include HRM in HRD, explaining that HRD includes a broader (38) of activities to develop personnel inside of organisations, including career development, training, organisation development, etc. There is a long-standing argument about where HR-related functions should be organised over large organisations.

The HRM function and HRD profession have undergone tremendous change (39) the past 20-30 years. Many years ago, large organisations looked to the Personnel Department, mostly to manage the paperwork around hiring and paying people. More recently, organisations consider the HR Department (40) playing a major role in staffing, training and helping to manage people so that people and the organisation are performing at maximum capability in a highly fulfilling manner.

(31)

While it is true that Americans believe climbing the educational ladder leads to success, they are less certain that intellectual achievement is the only important factor leading to success. A competitive personality is seen as important to success, especially in men. The development of social and political skills is also considered to be very important.

To help Americans develop these other important skills, schools have added a large number of extracurricular(课程外) activities to daily life at school. This is especially tree of high schools and colleges and extends down into elementary schools as well.

Athletics, frequently called "competitive sports", are perhaps the most important of these activities. Football, basketball, and baseball teams are seen as very important in teaching students, particularly boys, the "winning spirit". At times, athletic teams seem to become more important to some students and their parents than the academic programs offered by the schools.

Americans believe that education is ______.

A．the only way to success

B．the main purpose of the schools

C．just like climbing ladders

D．important to success