Time driven countries include __________, Austria, Switzerland and the United States.

Staggering tasks confronted the people of the United States, North and South, when the Civil War ended. About a million and a half soldiers flora both sides has to be demobilized, readjusted to civilian life, and reabsorbed by the devastated economy. Civil government also had to be put back on a peacetime basis and interference from the military had to be stopped.

The desperate plight of the South has eclipsed the fact that reconstruction had to be undertaken also in the North, though less spectacularly. Industries had to adjust to peacetime conditions: factories had to be retooled for civilian needs.

Financial problems loomed large in both the North and the South. The national debt had shot up from a modest 565 million in 1861, the year file war started, to nearly 53 billion in 1865, the year the war ended. This was a colossal sum for those days but one that a prudent government could pay. At the same time, war taxes had to be reduced to less burdensome levels.

Physical devastation caused by invading armies, chiefly in the South and Border States, had to be repaired. This herculean task was ultimately completed, but with discouraging slowness.

Other important questions needed answering. What would be the future of the four million black people who were freed from slavery?. On what basis were the Southern States to be brought back into the Union?

What of the southern leaders, all of whom were liable to charge of treason? One of these leaders, Jefferson Davis, president of the Southern Confederacy, was the subject of an insulting popular Northern song, "Hang Jeff Davis from a Sour Apple Tree" and even children sang it. Davis was temporarily chained in his prison cell during the early days of his two-year imprisonment. But he and the other southern leaders were finally released, partly because it was unlikely that a jury from Virginia, a southern confederate state, would convict them. All the leaders were finally pardoned by President Johnson in 1868 in an effort to help reconstruction efforts proceed with as little bitterness as possible.

The word "demobilized" (Line 2, Para 1 ) is closest in meaning to______.

A．separated

B．dismissed

C．gathered

D．summoned

The United States, knowing clearly it will lose, has taken advantage of the time ( ) for the WTO to judge to protect its steel industry.美国明知自己会输掉这场官司，但它已经利用世贸组织进行裁决的时间跨度保护了它的钢铁业。

A、spy

B、span

C、spend

D、spin

回答题：

·Read the article below about highways in the United States．

·Choose the best word or phrase to fill each gap from A，B，C or D on the opposite page．

·For each question（19-33），mark one letter（A，B。C or D）on your Answer Sheet．

·There is arr example at the beginning（0）．

The United States is well-known for its network of major highways designed to help a driver get from one place to another in the shortest possible time．（19） ______these de modem roads are generally（20）______and weft maintained with（21） sharp CUn，es alld straight sect-ions，a direct route is not always the most（22） one．Large highways often pass（23）______ scenic areas and interesting small towns．Furtherrnore．these highways generally（24）______large urban centers，which means that they become crowded with（25）______traffic during rush hours，（26）the“fast，direct”route becomes a very slow route．

However，there is almost always another route to take（27）______you are not in a hurry Not far from the（28）…．．．．new“superhighways”，there are often older（29） heavily traveled roads which go through the countryside． （30）______of these are good tw0—lane r。ads；others are uneven roads curving throut the c。untry．These secondary routes may go up steep slopes，along high（31）______，or down frightening hillside to towns（32）______in deep valleys．Through these less direct routes，longer and slower，they generaly go to places（33）______the air is clean and scenery is beautiful，and the driver may have a chance to get a flesh，clean view of the world．

19题答案为 查看材料

A.Although

B.Since

C.Because

D.Therefore

(非英语类学生必做)

I arrived in the United States 【61】 February 6, 1986, but I remember my first day here very 【62】 My friend was waiting for me when my 【63】 landed at Kennedy Airport at three o'clock in the afternoon. The weather was very 【64】 and it was snowing, but I was 【65】 excited to mind. From the airport, my friend and I 【66】 a taxi to my hotel. On the way, I saw the skyline of Manhattan for the first time and I stared in 【67】 at the famous World Trade Center, the tallest building in the world. My friend helped me 【68】 at the hotel and then left because he had to go 【69】 to work. He promised to return the next day.

Shortly after he left, I went to a 【70】 near the hotel to get something to eat. As I couldn't speak 【71】of English, I couldn't tell the 【72】 what I wanted. I was very upset and started to make some gestures, but the waiter didn't 【73】 me. Finally, I ordered the same thing the man at the next table was eating. After dinner, I started to walk along Broad way 【74】 I came to Times Square with its movie theatres, neon lights, and huge crowds of people. I did not feel tired, so I 【75】 walking around the city. I wanted to see everything on my first day. I knew it was 【76】 , but I wanted to try.

When I returned to the hotel, I was exhausted, but I 【77】 sleep because I kept hearing the fire and police sirens during the night. I lay 【78】 and thought about New York. It was a very big and 【79】 city with many tall buildings and big cars, and full of noise and busy people. I also decided right then that I had to learn to speak 【80】 .

(66)

A．in

B．at

C．on

D．for

听力原文： For the first time in 6 years, the United Nations will end a year with a surplus in his regular budget Correspondent Breck Ardery reports from the United Nations.

UN official Joseph Connor told reporters the year will end with a surplus in the United Nations regular budget of about 100 million dollars. Mr. Connor said the surplus was made possible by a larger than expected arrears payment from the United States. "They had to pay 350 million dollars of that by the end of December. They came in with 452 million dollars." The US Congress recently approved almost 1 billion dollars to pay US arrears to the United Nations. But payment of some of the money is contingent on further reforms in the world organization. Mr. Connor, the Deputy Secretary-General for Management, says next year' s regular UN budget will be 2. 5 billion dollars, virtually unchanged from 1999. He said continuing reductions in administrative expenses made the no-growth budget possible. Breck Ardery VOA's News, at the United Nations.

Joseph Connor was _______.

A．US Secretary.

B．US Deputy Secretary for Management.

C．UN Deputy Secretary-General for Management

D．UN Deputy Secretary for Funding

Dining Custom

Every land has its own dining custom, and the United States is no exception. Americans feel that the first rule of being a polite guest is to be on time. If a person is invited to dinner at 6:30, the hostess expects him to be there at 6 : 30 or not more than a few minutes after. Because she usually does her own cooking, she times the meal so that the coffee and meat will be at their best at the time she asks the guest to come. If he is late, the food will not be so good, and the hostess will be disappointed. When the guest can not come on time, he calls his host or hostess on the telephone, gives the reason, and tells at what time he thinks he can come.

As guests continue to arrive, the men in the group stand when a woman enters and remain standing until she found a chair. A man always rises when he is being introduced to a woman. A woman does not rise when she is being introduced either to a man or a woman unless the woman is much older.

When the guests sit down at a dinner table, it is customary for the men to help the ladies by pushing their chairs under them.

Even an American may be confused by the number of knives, forks, and spoons besides his plate when he sits down to a formal dinner. The rule is simple, however: use them in the order in which they lie, beginning from the outside. Or watch the hostess and do what she does. The small fork on the outside on the left is for salad, which is often served with the soup. The spoon on butter spreader, on a small bread-and-butter plate at the left. As the bread is passed, each guest puts his piece on the bread-and-butter plate.

As a country of immigrants, the U.S. does not have its own dinning customs.

A．Right

B．Wrong

C．Not mentioned

The human beings have polluted the environment seriously. It is time the United Nations must take some measures.

A．take

B．taking

C．to take

D．took

Historians may well look back on the 1980s in the United States as a time of rising affluence side by side with rising poverty. The growth in affluence is attributable to an increase in professional and technical jobs, along with more two career couples whose combined incomes provide a "comfortable living". Yet simultaneously, the nation's poverty rate rose between 1973 and 1983 from 11.1 percent of the population to 15.2, or by well over a third. Although the poverty rate declined somewhat after 1983, it was still held at 13.5 percent in 1987, comprising a population of 32.5 million Americans.

The definition of poverty is a matter of debate. In 1795, a group of English magistrates decided that a minimum in-come should be "the cost of a gallon loaf of bread, multiplied by three, plus an allowance for each dependent". Today the Census Bureau defines the threshold of poverty in the United States as the minimum amount of money that families need to purchase a nutritionally adequate diet, assuming they use one third of their income for food. Using this definition, roughly half the American population was poor in the aftermath of the Great Depression of the 1930s. By 1950, the proportion of the poor had fallen to 30 percent and by 1964, to 20 percent. With the adoption of the Johnson administration's antipoverty pro-grams, the poverty rate dropped to 12 percent in 1969. But since then, it has stopped falling. Liberals contend that the poverty line is too low because it fails to take into account changes in the standard of living. Conservatives say that it is too high because the poor receive other forms of public assistance, including food stamps, public housing subsidies, and health care.

In which of the following years did the poor people constitute the largest proportion of the American population?

A．1973.

B．1987.

C．1969.

D．1983.