Culture can be classified into such three categories as ideological culture, system culture, and spiritual culture.

What is Organizational Culture? (More than one correct answer.)

A.Culture is consistent, observable patterns of behavior. in organizations.

B.Culture is powerfully shaped by incentives.

C.Culture is a process of “sense-making” in organizations.

D.Culture is a carrier of meaning.

Can you describe your organizational culture ?

能否描述一下你们的组织文化？

Types of Organisational Culture

There is more than one (21) of organisational culture in the corporate world. This doesn't mean strong versus (22) although those are certainly two general categories for organisational culture.

While different theorists and different companies even might have differing opinions on the types of organisational cultures out there, there is a general consensus (23) four different types of organisational culture. Most companies or corporations in their style. or plan can fall (24) one of these four general types.

One type of organisational culture is the "tough-guy culture" or "macho culture." One of the most common aspects of the tough-guy or macho culture is the quick feedback and (25) rewards. The pace can be break-neck at times, but the obvious reward of the action is seen very quickly.

Another type of organisational culture is the "work hard/play hard" organisational cul ture. This type of organisational culture that doesn't (26) a lot of risks, but it does take a few, and all receive fast feedback. This is something most likely to be seen in a very large company which is dependent on strong customer service.

A third type of organisational culture is the "bet your company culture." This is a type of company where huge decisions are made over high stakes endeavors. In this type of cultuure, the (27) results of these decisions may not be seen for months or (28) years.

A fourth type of organisational culture is the "process culture." A process culture is most often found in organisations where there is actually no feedback. This is (29) a good culture. In this type of organisational culture people are so obsessed (30) the process of how things are done that the focus is lost on what the goal is. Process organisational culture is a synonym for bureaucracy.

(21)

A．types

B．type

C．kinds

D．ways

What is the difference between today's ecological change and the five changes in ancient times?

A．Species like the dinosaurs brought the ice ages to an end.

B．A volcanic eruption might lead to a great catastrophe.

C．Today's change is mainly caused by agricultural advances.

D．Today's change attributes to a multitude of reasons.

What is the difference between today's ecological change and the five changes in ancient times?

A．Species like the dinosaurs brought the ice ages to an end.

B．A volcanic eruption might lead to a great catastrophe.

C．Today's change is mainly caused by agricultural advances.

D．Today's change attributes to a multitude of reasons.

A、is less expensive than output control.

B、reduces mutual adjustment.

C、involves employees internalizing the norms and values of the organization.

D、includes setting individual goals.

E、includes obtaining specific feedback to help managers evaluate performance.

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A.Maintain the traditional organizational culture．

B.Learn new ways of relating and working together．

C.Follow closely the fast development of technology．

D.Learn to be respectful in a hierarchical organization．

Title: The Loss of Traditional Culture

Time limit: 40 minutes

Your composition should be based on the OUTLINE below and you should start with the given opening sentence: "If action is not taken, a nation's traditional culture is increasingly lost."

Your composition must be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET.

Outline

(1)The loss of traditional culture in a nation is frequently found under the influence of marketing economy

(2)How to prevent cultural loss

(3)Your views on this topic