Action on Sugar found that typical serving sizes of energy drinks at 500ml were larger than for other sugary drinks and were "completely appropriate" for children to consume.

根据下列材料，请回答下列各题 The average American drinks a gallon of soda a week，which delivers roughly 1，000 calories and no nutrition．The average American is also overweight or obese．Could changing one of those things help change the other? A growing number of officials think so，which accounts for a spate of proposed new taxes on soda as a way to discourage consumption while at the same time raising money to fund other obesity—fighting initiatives．Some 20 states and cities，from New Mexico to Baltimore，contemplated soda taxes this spring． The reaction against them has been swift and fierce．In March，scores of soda—company employees sporting Pepsi．Coke and 7.Up gear swarmed the Kansas state senate to fight a proposal that would have added a penny in tax for each teaspoon of sugar in a nonjuice drink．That would have increased the price of a 12-OZ．soda by about 10 and generated some $90 million in revenue a year．“I thought this is a wise choice，”says state senator John Vratil，who，like counterparts across the country，has been struggling to address both arecession—induced budget gap and rising public—heath costs stemming from obesity．Instead，he got an earful about how a soda tax would kill jobs，burden the poor and constitute an unwelcome government intrusion into the American diet． Government involvement in what Americans eat is nothing new．But why tax soda andnot，say，ice cream，pizza or Oreos——0r，for that matter，the video games that discourage kids from going outside to run around?Washington city—council member Mary Cheh says it’s because soda is where scientists have observed the clearest link to excess pounds．When Cheh set out to fund her Healthy Schools Act，which would raise food and physical—education standards at schools in D．C．-where about 40％of kids are overweight or obese—she didn’t know she’d wind up going after soda．But the data overwhelmed her：The amount ofsoda the typical American drinks has grown by roughly 500％over the past 60 years，and of the 250 tO 300 calories a day Americans have，on average，added to their diets since the late 1970s．nearly half have come from sugared drinks．“I don’t want to prescribe taxes for all sorts of dietary choices，”says Cheh.“but if we were going to only target one thing to make a material difference，soda would be it．” The tougher question is whether increasing the price of soda would，ia fact，reduce the number of calories people consume．Some research indicates the answer is yes．Other research leaves room for doubt．Though studies do show that a 10％increase in the price of soda leads people to purchase about 10％less of it．that doesn’t necessarily mean folks aren’t making up for those calories elsewhere． How do people feel about soda taxes?In April．the Quinnipiac University Polling Institute asked residents of New York State if they supported or opposed a“fat tax”on nondiet sugared soda．Thirty—one percent were in favor，and 66％were opposed．Yet when asked if they would support such a tax if the money raised were used to fund health care，people changed their opinions dramatically．with 48％in favor and just 49％opposed． The officials proposed new taxes on soda for all these purposes Except_______．

A.reducing citizens’calcIrie intake

B.increasing government revenue

C.bridging the gap between the rich and the poor

D.raising money for public—health programs

根据下列材料，请回答下列各题 The average American drinks a gallon of soda a week，which delivers roughly 1，000 calories and no nutrition．The average American is also overweight or obese．Could changing one of those things help change the other? A growing number of officials think so，which accounts for a spate of proposed new taxes on soda as a way to discourage consumption while at the same time raising money to fund other obesity—fighting initiatives．Some 20 states and cities，from New Mexico to Baltimore，contemplated soda taxes this spring． The reaction against them has been swift and fierce．In March，scores of soda—company employees sporting Pepsi．Coke and 7.Up gear swarmed the Kansas state senate to fight a proposal that would have added a penny in tax for each teaspoon of sugar in a nonjuice drink．That would have increased the price of a 12-OZ．soda by about 10 and generated some $90 million in revenue a year．“I thought this is a wise choice，”says state senator John Vratil，who，like counterparts across the country，has been struggling to address both arecession—induced budget gap and rising public—heath costs stemming from obesity．Instead，he got an earful about how a soda tax would kill jobs，burden the poor and constitute an unwelcome government intrusion into the American diet． Government involvement in what Americans eat is nothing new．But why tax soda andnot，say，ice cream，pizza or Oreos——0r，for that matter，the video games that discourage kids from going outside to run around?Washington city—council member Mary Cheh says it’s because soda is where scientists have observed the clearest link to excess pounds．When Cheh set out to fund her Healthy Schools Act，which would raise food and physical—education standards at schools in D．C．-where about 40％of kids are overweight or obese—she didn’t know she’d wind up going after soda．But the data overwhelmed her：The amount ofsoda the typical American drinks has grown by roughly 500％over the past 60 years，and of the 250 tO 300 calories a day Americans have，on average，added to their diets since the late 1970s．nearly half have come from sugared drinks．“I don’t want to prescribe taxes for all sorts of dietary choices，”says Cheh.“but if we were going to only target one thing to make a material difference，soda would be it．” The tougher question is whether increasing the price of soda would，ia fact，reduce the number of calories people consume．Some research indicates the answer is yes．Other research leaves room for doubt．Though studies do show that a 10％increase in the price of soda leads people to purchase about 10％less of it．that doesn’t necessarily mean folks aren’t making up for those calories elsewhere． How do people feel about soda taxes?In April．the Quinnipiac University Polling Institute asked residents of New York State if they supported or opposed a“fat tax”on nondiet sugared soda．Thirty—one percent were in favor，and 66％were opposed．Yet when asked if they would support such a tax if the money raised were used to fund health care，people changed their opinions dramatically．with 48％in favor and just 49％opposed． The officials proposed new taxes on soda for all these purposes Except_______．

A.reducing citizens’calcIrie intake

B.increasing government revenue

C.bridging the gap between the rich and the poor

D.raising money for public—health programs

We get energy from the foods we eat.Our food supplies energy to keep our organs working.Our food also supplies heat to warm our bodies.

The main energy foods are the carbohydrates (碳水化合物).These are the sugars and starches(淀粉). Wheat and rice are rich in starch and many fruits and vegetables contain considerable amount of sugar. Sweets, honey and jam are also rich in sugar.

Like carbohydrates, fats are food that provides us with energy. Butter, margarine, certain types of fish, eggs, cooking oils and most red meats are rich in fats. Fats can be stored in various parts of the body as reserves of energy. Because fats in general are slowly digested, they satisfy hunger for long periods.

Proteins (蛋白质) are very complex substances. The body needs proteins for the growth of new cells and for the repair and replacement of old cells. Foods rich in proteins are essential to a balanced diet. Milk, some vegetables, meat, chicken, fish, cheese, grains and nuts are some foods rich in proteins.

A good diet will contain a variety of foods so that the body contains all the minerals it needs for good health.

Vitamins are necessary for the proper working of the body. If we eat a variety of foods, we can be sure of obtaining all the vitamins we need.

Water makes up about 70 per cent of the weight of the human body. The average adult needs about two liters of water daily to replace the water the body loses.

1.Of the following substances, which are not used as sources of energy by living things?()

A. Starches

B. Vitamins

C. Proteins

D. Fats

2.If equal weight of the following substances is “burned” in the body,

A. carbohydrates

B. fats

C. vitamins

D. mineral salts

3.A boy grows five centimeters a year.The new material

A. fats

B. vitamins

C. proteins

D.carbohydrates

4.Which of the following is not true?()

A. If a man weighs 150 pounds, 105 pounds are water.

B. Apple, butter and meat are rich in proteins.

C. A well-balanced diet contains proteins, fats, minerals and vitamins.

D. Biscuits, cake and sweets may provide us with energy.

5.People can get all the minerals the body needs by().

A. having a balanced diet

B. drinking more milk

C. eating fruits and vegetables

D. having more fish and eggs

A typical high school student consumes 67.5 pounds of sugar per year. As part of a new nutrition plan, each member of a track team plans to lower the sugar he or she consumes by at least 20% for the coming year. Assuming each track member had consumed sugar at the level of a typical high school student and will adhere to this plan for the coming year, what is the maximum number of pounds of sugar to be consumed by each track team member in the coming year?

A.14

B.44

C.48

D.54

E.66