The earliest clothes can be traced back to the late Paleolithic Age when iron needles were used to make simple clothes with leaves and animal skins.

A、1902

B、1601

C、1912

D、1919

The belief that human nature is basically evil can be traced back to the teachings of Christianity.()

A、Han Dynast

B、Qin Dynasty

C、Zhou Dynast

D、Tang Dynasty

The word "university" comes from the Latin word "universitas", meaning "the whole". The modern definition of a university is an institution that teaches and examines students in many branches of advanced learning, awarding degrees and providing facilities for academic research. The origins of universities can be traced back to the Middle Ages, with the earliest European centers at Bologna, Italy, for law, founded in 1088. The first universities in England were established at Oxford in 1185 and at Cambridge in 1209. By comparison, the oldest universities in the U.S.A. are at Harvard, founded in 1636, and Yale, established in 1701. The English university in London was not founded until 1836. However, it was in the 1960s that the largest single expansion of higher education took place in Britain. One of the largest university developments was the foundation of the Open University in 1969. It is a nonresidential university which provides for life- long education of various backgrounds with part-time degree and other courses. It uses a combination of correspondence courses, television, radio broadcasts and the Internet, and summer schools for organization on a regional basis.

The word "university" comes from the Latin word "universitas", meaning "the whole". The modern definition of a university is an institution that teaches and examines students in many branches of advanced learning, awarding degrees and providing facilities for academic research. The origins of universities can be traced back to the Middle Ages, with the earliest European centers at Bologna, Italy, for law, founded in 1088. The first universities in England were established at Oxford in 1185 and at Cambridge in 1209. By comparison, the oldest universities in the U.S.A. are at Harvard, founded in 1636, and Yale, established in 1701. The English university in London was not founded until 1836. However, it was in the 1960s that the largest single expansion of higher education took place in Britain. One of the largest university developments was the foundation of the Open University in 1969. It is a nonresidential university which provides for life- long education of various backgrounds with part-time degree and other courses. It uses a combination of correspondence courses, television, radio broadcasts and the Internet, and summer schools for organization on a regional basis.

The word "university" comes from the Latin word "universitas", meaning "the whole". The modern definition of a university is an institution that teaches and examines students in many branches of advanced learning, awarding degrees and providing facilities for academic research. The origins of universities can be traced back to the Middle Ages, with the earliest European centers at Bologna, Italy, for law, founded in 1088. The first universities in England were established at Oxford in 1185 and at Cambridge in 1209. By comparison, the oldest universities in the U.S.A. are at Harvard, founded in 1636, and Yale, established in 1701. The English university in London was not founded until 1836. However, it was in the 1960s that the largest single expansion of higher education took place in Britain. One of the largest university developments was the foundation of the Open University in 1969. It is a nonresidential university which provides for life- long education of various backgrounds with part-time degree and other courses. It uses a combination of correspondence courses, television, radio broadcasts and the Internet, and summer schools for organization on a regional basis.

Part A

Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)

Why is English so difficult? It is often thought that the number of words in the English language is a major reason, but this is not the real answer. Certainly, there are over half million words in the Oxford English Dictionary, but only about 10,000 are in general everyday use. A much stronger reason is the rich variety of sources from which English comes—sources that are due to the different people who have conquered or settled in parts of the British Isles over the past 1,300 years-and knowing more about the way English has evolved over this period makes its difficulties easier to understand.

What do we mean by an "English" word? Many words are English in the sense that they can be traced back to the Anglo-Saxons—Germanic tribes which settled in England from around the fifth century A.D. They gave us many common words like book, house, cat and dog. Earlier still were the Celtic people whose speech survives in Scottish and Irish Gaelic, in Welsh, and in the local languages of two extremities of the British Isles, Manx and Cornish. There is practically no Celtic influence in English. This is because the Celts were forced back in to the fringes of the British Isles by the Anglo-Saxon invaders, and there was little cultural interaction.

The next important influence on the main vocabulary of English came in the ninth and tenth centuries when much of the east side of England was in the hands of Danish invaders, and England as a whole had a Danish king Cnut (Canute) for a time. The Danes had much more contact with the Anglo-Saxons than did the Celts, and their short period of occupation has left its mark in the number of Scandinavian words taken into our language. Many of these are still in use, such as take and law, names of parts of the body such as leg and skull. Many more Scandinavian words are preserved in some dialects of the east side of England, in place-names and in street-names.

The last time that England was successfully invaded was in 1052 when William of Normandy defeated the English king Harold at the Battle of Hastings. The arrival of the Normans brought a further decisive influence on the language—French. French, together with Italian, Spanish, Portuguese and Romanian is known as a Romance language, and has its roots in Latin. For several centuries, French was the language of the aristocracy in England and a large number of French words came into the language. Many of these words are to do with government, like justice, council and tax, and many are abstract terms like liberty, charity and conflict.

Most of the words taken into the language over the years were adopted either because there was a basic need for them and they were useful or because they were preferable m some way to the words already in use. Often the old word disappeared altogether. In many cases, however, the new word and the old continued in use side by side on a roughly equal footing. This had produced pairs of words which are both in use today, like shut and close or buy and purchase, in which the second word of each pair is French in origin.

In the first years after the Norman Conquest many new words were used only by the ruling class and professionals associated with them, such as scribes and clerks. The language of the common people remained largely unaffected. It was the spread of literacy and the development of printing that brought the French words into more general use. Often these were technical words, or words with an official ring, such as commence and purchase. The result was a mixture of types of words. For many meanings we now have a choice of formal and informal words, the formal ones often being used only in very specific situations.

Why is English difficult according to the text?

A．English comes from a great variety of sources.

B．There are over half a million words in English vocabulary.

C．The number of the words in the English language is the main reason.

D．Many English words can be traced back to the Anglo-Saxons tribes.

根据材料请回答 51～65

We know the kiss as a form. of expressing affection.But long before it became 51 ,it was the custom in many parts of the world to use the kiss as a(n) 52 of respect.

In many African tribes the natives kiss the ground over which a chief has walked.Kissing the hand and foot has been a mark of respect form. the 53 times.

The early Romans kissed the mouth or eyes as a form. of dignified greeting.One Ro-man emperor allowed his important nobles to kiss his lips, but the 54 important ones had to kiss his hands, and the 55 important ones were only allowed to kiss his feet!

It is quite probable that the kiss as a form. of affection can be traced back to primitive times when a mother 56 fondle her child, just as a mother 57 today. It only remained for society to 58 this as a custom for expressing affection between adults.

We have evidence that this was already the 59 by the time of the sixth century, but we can only assume it was 60 long before that.The first 61 where the kiss became ac-cepted in courtship and love was in France.When dancing became popular, almost every dance figure ended 62 a kiss.

From France the kiss spread rapidly all over Europe.Russia, which loved to 63 the customs of France，adopted the kiss and it spread there through all the upper classes．A kiss from the Tsar became one of the highest forms of recognition from the Crown．

In time，the kiss became a part of courtship． 64 marriage customs developed，the kiss became a part of the wedding ceremony．Today，of course，we regard the kiss as ai expression of love and tenderness．But there are still many places in the world where th。kiss is 65 0f formal ceremonies and is intended to convey respect．

第 51 题

A．it

B．one

C．this

D．itself

A、The Western Han Dynasty.

B、The Qin Dynasty.

C、The Warring States period.

D、The Zhou Dynasty.