Robert Hall and his colleagues, while working at General Electric’s Research and Developme

听力原文：M: Please make 20 copies of this file and deliver them to the general manager and heads of departments.

W: Certainly, sir. They will find it on their desks tomorrow morning.

Q: What is fie probable relationship between the two speakers?

(15)

A．Customer and salesperson.

B．Teacher and student.

C．Boss end secretary.

D．Guest and waitress.

阅读理解

JACK WELCH LEADING ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE AT GE

When Jack Welch, the Chairman and CEO at General Electric (GE) retired in 2001, he could look back at a very successful career. He became CEO in 1981 at the age of 45. At that time, GE had a very complex organizational structure with considerably bureaucratic rules.

One of his first changes was to initiate a strategy formulation process with the guideline that each of the businesses should be number 1 or 2 in their respective areas. If this was not the case, managers had the options of fixing the problem, selling their particular business, or closing it. In an effort to streamline the organization, Welch removed the sector level and eliminated thousands of salaried and hourly employee positions.

The restructuring was followed by changing the organizational culture and the managerial styles of GE's managers. One such program was the Work-Out(群策群力).Groups of managers were assembled to share their views openly in three-day sessions. At the beginning of the meetings, the superior presented the challenges for his or her organizational unit. Then the superior had to leave, requesting the groups to find solutions to the problems. Facilitators (会议主持人) helped these discussions. On the last day, the superior was presented with proposed solutions. He or she then had three choices: to accept the proposal, not to accept it, or to collect more information. This process put great pressure on the superior to make decisions.

Another program to improve effectiveness and efficiency was Best Practices. The aim was to learn from other companies how they obtained customer satisfaction, how they related to their suppliers, and in what ways they developed new products. This helped the GE people to focus on the processes in their operations that would improve the company's performance.

Jack Welch was personally involved in developing managers at GE's training center in Crotonville. Leaders, Welch suggested, are not only those who achieve results but also those who share the values of the company.

操作提示：正确选T，错误选F。

1. Jack Welch retired at the age of 65.{T; F}

2. Jack Welch insisted that each of the businesses should be at least number 3 in their respective area.{T; F}

3. If the business could not meet Welch's change requirements, its manager had 3choices.{T; F}

4. The restructuring went before changing the organizational culture and the managerial styles of GE's managers.{T; F}

5. The Work Out lasted a week.{T; F}

Ferris inherited State of Florida general-purpose bonds worth $2,400 from his grandfather in 2016.He received $120 interest on the bonds in 2016, 2017 and 2018.In 2017, he sells the bonds for a gain of $300.Ferris excludes the value of the bonds received and the bond interest, but must include a $300 capital gain in his 2018 gross income.Which of the following Concepts, Constructs, and/or Doctrines form. the basis for this treatment?

I.Capital Recovery Concept

II.Legislative Grace Concept

III.Constructive Receipt Doctrine

IV.Realization Concept

()

A、Statements I and II are correct

B、Statements I and IV are correct

C、Statements II, III, and IV are correct

D、Statements I, II, and III are correct

E、Statements I, II, and IV are correct

Not too many decades ago it seemed "obvious" both to the general public and to sociologists that modern society has changed people's natural relations, loosened their responsibilities to kin and neighbors, and substituted in their place superficial relationships with passing acquaintances. However, in recent years a growing body of research has revealed that the "obvious" is not true. It seems that if you are a city resident, you typically know a smaller proportion of your neighbors than you do if you are a resident of a smaller community. But, for the most part, this fact has few significant consequences. It does not necessarily follow that if you know few of your neighbors you will know no one else.

Even in very large cities, people maintain close social ties within small, private social worlds. Indeed, the number and quality of meaningful relationships do not differ between more and less urban people. Smalltown residents are more involved with kin that are big-city residents. Yet city dwellers compensate by developing friendships with people who share similar interests and activities. Urbanism may produce a different style. of life, but the quality of life does not differ between town and city. Nor are residents of large communities any likelier to display psychological symptoms of stress or alienation, a feeling of not belonging, than are residents of smaller communities. However, city dwellers do worry more about crime, and this leads them to a distrust of strangers.

These findings do not imply that urbanism makes little or no difference. If neighbors are strangers to one another, they are less likely to sweep the sidewalk of an elderly couple living next door or keep an eye out for size and its social heterogeneity. For instance, sociologists have found much evidence that the size of more likely than their small-town counterparts to have a cosmopolitan outlook, to display less responsibility to traditional kinship roles, to vote for leftist political candidates, and to be tolerant of nontraditional religious groups, unpopular political groups, and so-called undesirables. Everything considered, heterogeneity and unusual behavior. seem to be outcomes of large population size.

Which of the following statements best describes the organization of the first paragraph?

A．Two contrasting views are presented.

B．An argument is examined and possible solutions given.

C．Research results concerning the quality of urban life are presented in order of time.

D．A detailed description of the difference between urban and small-town life is given.

Not too many decades ago it seemed "obvious" both to the general public and to sociologists that modern society has changed people's natural relations, loosened their responsibilities to kin (亲戚) and neighbors, and substituted in their place superficial relationships with passing acquaintances. However, in recent years a growing body of research has revealed that the "obviousness" is not tree. It seems that if you are a city resident, you typically know a smaller proportion of your neighbors than you do if you are a resident of a smaller community. But, for the most part, this fact has few significant consequences. It does not necessarily follow that if you know few of your neighbors you will know no one else.

Even in very large cities, people maintain close social ties within small, private social worlds. Indeed, the number and quality of meaningful relationships do not differ between more and less urban people. Small-town residents are more involved with kin than big-city residents. Yet city dwellers compensate by developing friendships with people who share similar interests and activities. Urbanism may produce a different style. of life, but the quality of life does not differ between town and city. Nor are residents of large communities any likelier to display psychological symptoms of stress or alienation, a feeling of not belonging, than are residents of smaller communities. However, city dwellers do worry more about crime, and this leads them to a distrust of strangers.

These findings do not imply that urbanism makes little or no difference. If neighbors are strangers to one another, they are less likely to sweep the sidewalk of an elderly couple living next door or keep an eye out for young troublemakers. Moreover, as Wirth suggested, there may be a link between a community's population size and its social heterogeneity (多样性). For instance, sociologists have found that the size of a community is associated with bad behavior. including gambling, drugs, etc. Large-city urbanites are also more likely than their small-town counterparts to have a cosmopolitan (见多识广者的) outlook, to display less responsibility to traditional kinship roles, to vote for leftist political candidates, and to be tolerant of nontraditional religious groups, unpopular political groups, and so-called undesirables. Everything considered, heterogeneity and unusual behavior. seem to be outcomes of large population size.

Which of the following statements best describes the organization of the first paragraph?

A．Two contrasting views are presented.

B．An argument is examined and possible solutions given.

C．Research results concerning the quality of urban life are presented in order of time.

D．A detailed description of the difference between urban and small-town life is given.

Hawking and his colleagues are working hard to try to find ______.

A．a new theory to replace the Big Bang theory

B．a new theory to replace Einstein's general theory of relativity

C．a theory that can incorporate the existing theories

D．an all-powerful theory that can explain everything in the world