The number of shares that a corporation's charter allows it to sell is referred to as:

The number of women directors appointed to corporate boards in the United States has increased dramatically, but the ratio of female to male directors remains low. Although pressure to recruit women directors, unlike that to employ women in the general work force, does not derive from legislation, it is nevertheless real.

Although small companies were the first to have women directors, large corporations currently have a higher percentage of women on their boards. When the chairs of these large corporations began recruiting women to serve on boards, they initially sought women who were chief executive officers (CEOs) of large corporations. However, such women CEOs are still rare. In addition, the ideal of six CEOs (female or male) serving on the board of each of the largest corporations is realizable only if every CEO serves on six boards. This raises the specter of director over commitment and the resultant dilution of contribution. Consequently, the chairs next sought women in business- who had the equivalent of CEO experience. However, since it is only recently that large numbers of women have begun to rise in management, the chairs began to recruit women of high achievement outside the business world. Many such women are well known for their contributions in government, education, and the nonprofit sector. The fact that the women from these sectors who were appointed were often acquaintances of the boards' chairs seems quite reasonable: chairs have always considered it important for directors to interact comfortably in the boardroom.

Although many successful women from outside the business world are unknown to corporate leaders, these women are particularly qualified to serve on boards because of the changing nature of corporations. Today a company's ability to be responsive to the concerns of the community and the environment can influence that company's growth and survival. Women are uniquely positioned to be responsive to some of these concerns.

Although conditions have changed, it should be remembered that most directors of both sexes are over fifty years old. Women of that generation were often encouraged to direct their attention toward efforts to improve the community. This fact is reflected in the career development of most of the outstandingly successful women of the generation now in their fifties, who currently serve on corporate boards: 25 percent are in education and 22 percent are in government, law, and the nonprofit sector.

One organization of women directors is helping business become more responsive to the changing needs of society by raising the level of corporate awareness about social issues, such as problems with the economy, government regulation, the aging population and the environment. This organization also serves as a resource center of information on accomplished women who are potential candidates for corporate boards.

According to the passage, the pressure to appoint women to corporate boards differs from the pressure to employ women in the work force in which of the following ways?

A．Corporate boards are under less pressure because they have such a small number of openings.

B．Corporate boards have received less pressure from the media and the public to include women on their boards.

C．Corporations have only recently been pressured to include women on their boards.

D．Corporations are not subject to legal penalty for failing to include women on their boards.

Let R and S be the relation respectively:

The number of tuples that the result of the expression R co S (Here is the natural join of relations R and S) is

A．3

B．4

C．6

D．9

Youth Emancipation in Spain

The Spanish Government is so worried about the number of young adults still living with their parents that it has decided to help them leave the nest.

Around 55 percent of people aged 18-34 in Spain still sleep in their parents' home, says the latest report from the country's state-run Institute of Youth.

To coax(劝诱)young people from their homes, the Institute started a "Youth Emancipation(解放)" programme this month. The programme offers guidance in finding rooms and jobs.

Economists blame young people's family dependence on the precarious labour market and increasing housing prices. Housing prices have risen 17 percent a year since 2000.

Cultural reasons also contribute to the problem, say sociologists(社会学家). Family ties in south Europe—Italy, Portugal and Greece—are stronger than those in middle and north Europe, said Spanish sociologist Almudena Moreno Minguez in her report "The Late Emancipation of Spanish Youth Key for Understanding".

"In general, young people in Spain firmly believe in the family as the main body around which their private life is organized," said Minguez.

In Spain—especially in the countryside, it is not uncommon to find entire groups of aunts, uncles, cousins, nieces and nephews all living on the same street. They regularly get together for Sunday dinner.

Parents' tolerance is another factor. Spanish parents accept late-night partying and are wary of setting bedtime rules.

"A child can arrive home at whatever time he wants. If parents complain he'll put up a fight and call the father a fascist," said Jose Antonio Gomez Yanez, a sociologist at Carlos III University in Madrid.

Mothers' willingness to do children's household chores worsens the problem. Dionisio Masso, a 60- year-old in Madrid, has three children in their 20s. The eldest 28, has a girlfriend and a job. But life with Mum is good.

"His Mum does the wash and cooks for him, in the end, he lives well." Masso said.

The "Youth Emancipation" programme aims at helping young people

A．live in an independent way.

B．fight for freedom.

C．fight against social injustice.

D．get rid of family responsibilities.

The Spanish Government is so worried about the number of young adults still living with their parents that it has decided to help them leave the nest. Around 55 percent of people aged 18—34 in Spain still sleep in their parents? homes，says the latest report from the country’s state-run Institute of Youth. To coax (劝诱)young people from their homes，the institute started a “Youth Emancipation(解放)programme this month.The programme offers guidance in finding rooms and jobs. Economists blame young people’s family dependence on the precarious (不稳定的)labour market and increasing housing prices、Housing prices have risen 17 percent a year since 2000. Cultural reasons also contribute to the problem, say sociologists、Family ties in south Europe—Italy，Portugal and Greece—are stronger than those in middle and north Europe? Said Spanish sociologist Almudena Moreno Minguez in her report uThe Late Emancipation of Spanish Youth: Keys for Understanding”. “In general，young people in Spain firmly believe in the family as the main body around which their private life is organized，”said Minguez. In Spain----especially in the countryside, it is not uncommon to find entire groups of aunts,uncles，cousins，nieces and nephews(夕卜甥/侄子)all living on the same street.They regularly get together for Sunday dinner. Parents’ tolerance(宽容)is another factor.Spanish parents accept late-night partying and are wary of setting bedtime rules. “A child can arrive home at whatever time he wants.If parents complain he’ll put up a big fight and call the father a Fascist，” said Jose Antonio Gomez Yanez，a sociologist at Carlos III University in Madrid. Mothers’ willingness to do children’s household chores worsens the problem、Dionisio Masso,a 60-year-old in Madrid, has three children in their 20s.The eldest, 28, has a girlfriend and a job.But life with mum is good. “His mum does the wash and cooks for him; in the end，he lives well，” Masso said. The “Youth Emancipation” programme aims at helping young people______________.A.fight for freedom

B.live in an independent way

C.fight against social injustice

D.get rid of family responsibilities

It can be inferred from paragraph 5 that family ties are stronger in Portugal than in______.A.Finland

B.Greece

C.Spain

D.Italy

Young people’s family dependence can be attributed to all the following factors EXCEPT______.A.parent’s tolerance

B.housing problems

C.cultural traditions

D.unwillingness to get married

Which of the following statements is NOT true of Dinoisio Masso?A.She is 60 years old

B.She has a boyfriend.

C.She has three children

D.She lives in Madrid.

The phrase “wary of” in paragraph 8 could be best replaced by_________.A.tired of

B.afraid of

C.cautious about

D.worried about

请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！

The Natural Approach suggests that grammar use should be limited to situations where it will not ______with communication.

Section B

The Totara Language Institute is part of the University of Waikato in the city of Hamilton, in New Zealand' s North Island. Intensive English classes are taught in blocks of four weeks throughout the year and students may enrol for as many blocks as they wish. Classes are for 5 hours each day, Monday to Friday, and include preparation for several international English language examinations. All the courses are taught by highly qualified teachers, many of whom also teach on Language Institute graduate programmes in second language teaching and applied linguistics. Classes are small, usually from 10-12 students with a maximum number of 15, and normally contain a mix of students from a wide range of countries. Students who study English at the Language Institute become international members of the Waikato Students' Union. The option is available to move on to university study if students meet the English language and academic entry levels for their choice of programme. The Language Institute provides student support, welfare and activities services. Students are met at Auckland airport on arrival and accommodation is provided with local families or in University Halls of Residence with New Zealand students.

Hamilton, one of New Zealand's fastest growing cities, is ideally located for a wide range of leisure and cultural activities. The Waikato River, the longest river in New Zealand, flows through the centre of the city, providing a picturesque and park-like setting of riverside walks and gardens. The Waikato region is a diverse agricultural area, rich in historic sites, arts and crafts, hot springs, native forests, mountains and rivers. Within easy reach is an unspoilt coastline; the wild and rugged west coast beaches famous for surfing, and the more peaceful east coast resorts are only a short drive from Hamilton. Further afield the mountains of the central North Island, 3 hours' drive away, provide superb ski facilities in winter, and hiking country in summer.

The Language Institute activities co-ordinator can assist students to arrange any

sport and leisure activities. Assistance is also available for ongoing travel

arrangements for students. Students on a visitor visa or work permit may study for a maximum of 3 months. Courses of longer duration require a student permit which is issued for the length of study only.

SUMMARY:

Totara Language Institute

Overseas students who study at Totara Language Institute may choose to spend more of their free time with local students by applying for a room in the【51】Places are available here even for students enrolled on the minimum length course of【52】. Class sizes for each course range from ten to twelve students and all the class teachers are【53】; many of them teach on graduate programmes in areas such as applied linguistics.

Hamilton can offer students a wide range of【54】activities. The city itself lies on both sides of the【55】which provides some very picturesque views and enjoyable walks in the gardens.

(66)