How to judge feedback polarity by instantaneous Polarity Method in the circuit？ 怎样用瞬时极性法判别反馈极性？

It may be inferred that to attain greater positive feedback, in the case of the skidding car, the driver should do which of the following?

A．Keep turning the wheel in the original direction.

B．Turn the wheel in the opposite direction.

C．Turn the wheel in the opposite direction, then turn it back to the original direction.

D．Keep turning the wheel in the original direction, then back to the opposite direction.

E．Allow the wheel to turn freely.

It may be inferred that to attain greater positive feedback, in the case of the skidding car, the driver should do which of the following?

A．Keep turning the wheel in the original direction.

B．Turn the wheel in the opposite direction.

C．Turn the wheel in the opposite direction, then turn it back to the original direction.

D．Keep turning the wheel in the original direction, then back to the opposite direction.

E．Allow the wheel to turn freely.

It may be inferred that to attain greater positive feedback, in the case of the skidding car, the driver should do which of the following?

A．Keep turning the wheel in the original direction.

B．Turn the wheel in the opposite direction.

C．Turn the wheel in the opposite direction, then turn it back to the original direction.

D．Keep turning the wheel in the original direction, then back to the opposite direction.

E．Allow the wheel to turn freely.

1 The Earth might have been sent into an ice age by the break-up of a supercontinent 750 million years ago, creating a global snowball.

2 The break-up probably caused an increase in rainfall and weathering of rock, say climatologists. This would have sucked greenhouse gases out of the atmosphere and caused a run-away cooling effect. The mechanism could explain how the entire planet becomes encased in a mass of ice, as many researchers think it has done in the past.

3 The theory that the Earth was once completely frozen emerged in the 1960s, when scientists realized that global freezing could happen if the polar ice sheets grew above a certain threshold size. Because bright ice reflects sunlight and heat back into space, growing ice sheets cause further cooling. This feedback loop could tip the climate system into a deep freeze.

4 The planet could eventually thaw as carbon dioxide from volcanoes poking through the ice warm it.

5 In the late 1980s, Joe Kirschvink of the California Institute of Technology nicknamed this state 'Snowball Earth'. Around the same time, geologists began to uncover hints in the geological record that this freeze-thaw process might have happened at least once in the distant past-at the end of the Proterozoic eon, 600 to 800 million years ago.

6 But it was unclear what could have tipped the world into that state in the first place. Now Yannick Donnadieu of the Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de L'Environnement in Gif sur

Yvette, France, and co-workers provide an explanation in this week's Nature.

7 Donnadieu and colleagues have run computer simulations of global climate change 750 million years ago during the break-up of Rodinia, a supercontinent in which nearly all of the present-day continents were welded together around the South Pole. As the vast land mass fragmented into smaller pieces, driven by the engine of continental drift, they found that evaporation from smaller seas between the isolated continents increased the rainfall over land areas.

8 The increased rainfall in turn speeded the weathering of any exposed rock. As rock is worn away by water, chemical reactions take place in which carbon dioxide from the air becomes bound up in carbonate minerals. The more rain there is, the more of this greenhouse gas is extracted from the air.

9 The team also note that the break-up of Rodinia was prompted in part by the eruption of great plains of volcanic rock. The fresh rock from a volcano is more reactive than old rock, and so it weathers more quickly, sucking up even more carbon dioxide.

10 In the researchers' computer models, the combined effects of higher rainfall and quick-weathering rock reduced the levels of carbon dioxide below the threshold needed to trigger a Snowball Earth.

11 Proving that a Snowball Earth once existed, and understanding how it came about, will help researchers understand more about our planet's climate and the evolution of life. Some scientists think that the thaw after a deep freeze could have stimulated the appearance of the first multicellular organisms, by providing lots of empty space into which new life could expand. There was indeed a proliferation of such life in the late Proterozoic, though no one can yet prove why.

12 The theory may also help predict whether a Snowball Earth will happen again. But there is no need to panic. Estimates say the planet will not form. a new supercontinent for another 250 million years.

"Greenhouse gases" in Para. 2 refer to ________________.

A．oxygen

B．hydrogen

C．carbon dioxide

D．air

1 The Earth might have been sent into an ice age by the break-up of a supercontinent 750 million years ago, creating a global snowball.

2 The break-up probably caused an increase in rainfall and weathering of rock, say climatologists. This would have sucked greenhouse gases out of the atmosphere and caused a run-away cooling effect. The mechanism could explain how the entire planet becomes encased in a mass of ice, as many researchers think it has done in the past.

3 The theory that the Earth was once completely frozen emerged in the 1960s, when scientists realized that global freezing could happen if the polar ice sheets grew above a certain threshold size. Because bright ice reflects sunlight and heat back into space, growing ice sheets cause further cooling. This feedback loop could tip the climate system into a deep freeze.

4 The planet could eventually thaw as carbon dioxide from volcanoes poking through the ice warm it.

5 In the late 1980s, Joe Kirschvink of the California Institute of Technology nicknamed this state 'Snowball Earth'. Around the same time, geologists began to uncover hints in the geological record that this freeze-thaw process might have happened at least once in the distant past—at the end of the Proterozoic eon, 600 to 800 million years ago.

6 But it was unclear what could have tipped the world into that state in the first place. Now Yannick Donnadieu of the Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de L'Environnement in Gif sur Yvette, France, and co-workers provide an explanation in this week's Nature.

7 Donnadieu and colleagues have run computer simulations of global climate change 750 million years ago during the break-up of Rodinia, a supercontinent in which nearly all of the present-day continents were welded together around the South Pole. As the vast land mass fragmented into smaller pieces, driven by the engine of continental drift, they found that evaporation from smaller seas between the isolated continents increased the rainfall over land areas.

8 The increased rainfall in turn speeded the weathering of any exposed rock. As rock is worn away by water, chemical reactions take place in which carbon dioxide from the air becomes bound up in carbonate minerals. The more rain there is, the more of this greenhouse gas is extracted from the air.

9 The team also note that the break-up of Rodinia was prompted in part by the eruption of great plains of volcanic rock. The fresh rock from a volcano is more reactive than old rock, and so it weathers more quickly, sucking up even more carbon dioxide.

10 In the researchers' computer models, the combined effects of higher rainfall and quick-weathering rock reduced the levels of carbon dioxide below the threshold needed to trigger a Snowball Earth.

11 Proving that a Snowball Earth once existed, and understanding how it came about, will help researchers understand more about our planet's climate and the evolution of life. Some scientists think that the thaw after a deep freeze could have stimulated the appearance of the first multicellular organisms, by providing lots of empty space into which new life could expand. There was indeed a proliferation of such life in the late Proterozoic, though no one can yet prove why.

12 The theory may also help predict whether a Snowball Earth will happen again. But there is no need to panic. Estimates say the planet will not form. a new supercontinent for another 250 million years.

"Greenhouse gases" in Para. 2 refer to ______.

A．oxygen

B．hydrogen

C．carbon dioxide

D．air

听力原文：M: How's the new job going?

W: Well, I'm learning a lot of new things, but I wish the director would give me some feedback.

Q: What does the woman want to know?

(13)

A．Her new responsibilities in the company.

B．What her job prospects are.

C．What the customers' feedback is.

D．The director's opinion of her work.

听力原文：M: How's the new job going?

W: Well, I'm learning a lot of new things, but I wish the director would give me some feedback.

Q: What does the woman want to know?

(13)

A．Her new responsibilities in the company.

B．What her job prospects are.

C．What the customers' feedback is.

D．The director's opinion of her work.

Overview This homework is purported to set up a writing workshop to help you finish the three writing assignment of the semester. The major assignment is to write a 700-word expository or argumentative essay on the passage of "Chinese or Western, It's Time to Relax" from Unit 8, New Standard College English III. You can choose to support the opinion of the original passage or argue from a different view. You need to upload your first draft online before Dec. 29 before the peer review starts. By the following week of peer review workshop, you will have to read and grade SIX papers. The workshop ends on Monday, Jan. 5 in the coming new year. Then, you will receive feedbacks from your classmates and work on a further revision. The final revision is due in class on Jan. 12. Requirement You should follow the basic 5-paragraph structure of the English essay, which is composed of 1) an introduction, 2) 2~ 4 body paragraphs, and 3) a conclusion. The introductory paragraph should end with a thesis statement that clearly presents the topic of the essay. You should explore, explain and clarify the thesis through a focused, detailed, and purposeful exposition. A standard body paragraph is supposed to last 150~250 words. Peer Review Workshop Each of you will have to read and grade at least FIVE drafts from any others randomly assigned to your account. You are supposed to evaluate the draft and give some suggestions for the revision. If you do not fulfill the grading of five draft, your own grade will be reduced by 50%.

业务交际英语理解：把意义相同的英汉语句匹配到一起。

The following is the contents of a book named Public Relations. After reading it, you are required to find the items equivalent to (与…相同的) those given in Chinese in the table below. Then you should put the corresponding letters in brackets on the Answer Sheet.

A — Research and Analysis B — Role of Departments

C — Communication Process D — Sampling Public Opinion

E — Dealing with the News Media F — Planning Actions

G — Reaching the Audience H — Opportunities in the Print Media

I —Feedback and Evaluation J—Public Opinion and Persuasion

K —Social and Cultural agencies L—Entertainment and Sports

M—Government and Public Affairs N —Membership Organizations

O—Legal Problems P—International Public Relations

( )交流过程 ( )娱乐和体育

Passage Two

Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.

The $11 billion self-help industry is built on the idea that you should turn negative thoughts like "I never do anything right" into positive ones like "I can succeed." But was positive thinking advocate Norman Vincent Peale right? Is there power in positive thinking?

Researchers in Canada just published a study in the journal Psychological Science that says trying to get people to think more positively can actually have the opposite effect: it can simply highlight how unhappy they are.

The study's authors, Joanne Wood and John Lee of the University of Waterloo and Elaine Perunovic of the University of New Brunswick, begin by citing older research showing that when people get feedback which they believe is overly positive, they actually feel worse, not better. If you tell your dim friend that he has the potential of an Einstein, you're just underlining his faults. In one 1990s experiment, a team including psychologist Joel Cooper of Princeton asked participants to write essays opposing funding for the disabled. When the essayists were later praised for their sympathy, they felt even worse about what they had written.

In this experiment, Wood, Lee and Perunovic measured 68 students' self-esteem. The participants were then asked to write down their thoughts and feelings for four minutes. Every 15 seconds, one group of students heard a bell. When it rang, they were supposed to tell themselves, "I am lovable."

Those with low self-esteem didn't feel better after the forced self-affirmation. In fact, their moods turned significantly darker than those of members of the control group, who weren't urged to think positive thoughts.

The paper provides support for newer forms of psychotherapy (心理治疗) that urge people to accept their negative thoughts and feelings rather than fight them. In the fighting, we not only often fail but can make things worse. Meditation (静思) techniques, in contrast, can teach people to put their shortcomings into a larger, more realistic perspective. Call it the power of negative thinking.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2 上作答。

62. What do we learn from the first paragraph about the self-help industry?

A) It is a highly profitable industry.

B) It is based on the concept of positive thinking.

C) It was established by Norman Vincent Peale.

D) It has yielded positive results.