The shear formula was derived by considering （) equilibrium of the longitudinal shear stress and （) distribution acting on a portion of a differential segment of the beam.

Which of the following is true of Paragraph 2?

A．Ms Vogth"s organization is funded by the government and the private companies.

B．Ms Vogth"s organization is trying its best to do business well as usual.

C．The annual abstinence Creativity Contest has been held for six consecutive years.

D．Student participants of the contest should submit essays, poems, artwork of any themes.

Why are most break bulk vessels built with the transverse framing system rather than the longitudinal system?

A.The transverse system is more resistant to hog and sag stresses

B.The numerous longitudinal frames cause excessive broken stowage

C.The transverse system provides better support to the varying cargo densities on a break bulk vessel.

D.The deep web frames interfere with the stowage of break bulk cargo

An unstable upright equilibrium position on a vessel means that the metacenter is ______.

A.lower than the center of gravity

B.at the same height as the center of gravity

C.higher than the baseline

D.on the longitudinal centerline

Lacking further hard evidence of the bombing itself, the police could hardly tell who might be responsible.

A．由于警方难以确定此爆炸事件的负责人，所以进一步的取证工作很难进行。

B．因为对爆炸事件的进一步取证工作很难进行，警方难以确定谁来作负责人。

C．由于对爆炸事件本身缺少进一步的确凿证据，警方无法确定谁有可能是主谋。

D．因为对爆炸事件的进一步取证工作很难进行，警方无法确定谁有可能是主谋。

According to the passage, which of the following statements about temperature gradients is true?

A．These temperature gradients tend in most cases to be impossible to describe mathematically.

B．The lower the contrast between the extremes of the gradient, the lower the resulting velocity of the jet stream.

C．Jet streams are responsible for most of the north-south transfer of heat between the equator and the poles.

D．The temperature gradient tends, on a non-negligible level, to augment the effects of the earth's rotation.

E．The gradient typically refers to differences in jet stream velocity at various longitudinal positions around the globe.

According to the passage, which of the following statements about temperature gradients is true?

A．These temperature gradients tend in most cases to be impossible to describe mathematically.

B．The lower the contrast between the extremes of the gradient, the lower the resulting velocity of the jet stream.

C．Jet streams are responsible for most of the north-south transfer of heat between the equator and the poles.

D．The temperature gradient tends, on a non-negligible level, to augment the effects of the earth's rotation.

E．The gradient typically refers to differences in jet stream velocity at various longitudinal positions around the globe.

I did have a problem when the local government declined our request before considering it.

A．我真想问地方政府什么时候拒绝考虑我们的请求了。

B．当局对我们的请求未加考虑就拒绝了，我的确感到伤脑筋。

C．当局根本没有考虑我们的请求就拒绝了，我对此感到不满。

D．当地方政府在考虑我们的请求之前就拒绝了时，我真的感到有问题了。

It is a favorite thing to look back at some of the reforms which have long been an accepted part of our life, and to examine the opposition, usually bitter and very strange, sometimes dishonest but all too often honest, which had to be countered by the restless advocates of "grandmotherly" legislation.

The reforms treated in this book are not the well-known measures--like the abolition of slavery, the reform. of Parliament, the vote of women--which are recorded in the standard history books. Here are some of the less familiar struggles which, with one or two exceptions, social historians have tended to dismiss briefly. Yet these old controversies give no less revealing an insight into the minds of our grandfathers than do the major issues of the last century. The pulse of a generation can be taken just as effectively by considering its attitudes to the marrying of deceased wives' sisters, to the fetching of father's beer or even to the sweeping of chimneys. Some of the reforms dealt with were carried out within living memory; none is older than the nineteenth century. They have been selected for the variety of their background and for the fertility and stimulus of the opposition leveled against them.

Misguided and completely unreasonable though some of this opposition now appears, it is doubtful whether it will seem any more peculiar, one hundred years hence, than some of the reasons we produce today for continual hardship and injustice. Our ancestors thought it absurd that wives should wish to keep their own earnings; our descendants may be astonished at our system which forces a man to maintain a woman, sometimes for life, after a hopeless marriage has been disrupted. It is likely that our descendants will derive as much heartless fun from consideration of our divorce laws, and the reasons we use to defend them, as from the arguments we put forward to excuse the disfigurement of the countryside ( "the poster is the poor man's art gallery"). They may also think that the indifference of the nineteenth century to death and suffering in the mills was fully matched by that of the twentieth century to death and suffering on the highways.

The author says of the reforms that we take for granted that ______.

A．it is good to consider the arguments against them

B．it is fortunate that they have been favored

C．they were against the will of the aged women

D．they were bitterly opposed by dishonest people

Which of the following is true of Paragraph 2?

A．Ms Vogtli"s organization is funded by the government and the private companies.

B．Ms Vogtli"s organization is trying its best to do business well as usual.

C．The annual abstinence Creativity Contest has been held for six consecutive years.

D．Student participants of the contest should submit essays, poems, artwork of any themes.