An error is indicated if the following account has a balance appearing on the post-closing trial balance:

A(n) ___term is used to indicate that the speaker has reasons for what he says without actually giving those reasons.

A.E = evaluative term

B.G = guarding term

C.A = assuring term

D.D = discounting term

听力原文： Advertising is the tool that has always been used to convince the public to buy products. In the beginning, it was a basic and crude tool. Craftsmen cried out to passers-by, telling the quality of their products. Today, newspapers, magazines, radio, and television use a variety of means to introduce the public to many products developed through technology. The Romans started using recorded advertisements. They smoothed and whitened areas on a wall where advertisements could be written or carved. In the Middle Ages, people continued to use verbal announcements and written messages, but a new form. of advertising, using symbols, was developed as well. Shops displayed a special symbol to indicate what goods or services could be found inside. The Industrial Revolution caused an explosion in the advertising field. The abundance of luxury goods, coming both from new inventions and from trade with different parts of the world, meant that consumers had to be told more about products than ever before. They had to be persuaded that they needed all these new products and that one product was superior to its many competitors. The buying public was soon being exposed to endless amounts of advertising. Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard. 22. What is the passage mainly about? 23. How did early craftsmen advertise their products? 24. Who first started using written advertisements? 25. When did advertising first boom?23．

A．By door to door advertising.

B．By using symbols.

C．By verbal announcements.

D．By written messages.

听力原文： The state of Georgia is in the midst of a major drought. Experts predict that, unless it rains "cats and dogs" real soon, the whole city of Atlanta will have no drinking water in four months. Lake Lanier, the source of Atlanta's water delivery system, is now at only 20 percent of its usual level. To make matters worse, (29) when Georgia water officials tried to block the flow of the Chattahoochee River southward to Alabama and Florida, those states threatened Georgia with lawsuits. They claimed that they were just as desperate for and entitled to that river water as Georgia was.

(30) The Georgia Civil Air Patrol has been trying to seed the clouds overhead for the last six months, but, unfortunately, it didn't work. State officials asked the local Cherokee Indians to do a rain dance. The Indians told them they would do a rain dance when the state returned all the land that it stole from the Cherokees. Officials hired the nation's number one water finder. He found a still for making whiskey.

Finally, the governor himself held a press conference on the steps of the state capitol building. He asked all the media to bow their heads, raised their hands to heaven, and prayed." Lord, we are asking for relief, not for us, but for the sick and the young in this state. Thank you, oh most powerful Lord. "(31)The Georgia Association of Atheists immediately sued the governor for conducting prayer sessions on state property.

(30)

A．Because Georgia planned to cut off the highways to them.

B．Because Georgia caused a big fire which affected them.

C．Because Georgia tried to block the Chattahoochee River.

D．Because Georgia had cut off the food supply to them.

There has been an ecological triumph in the province of Sweden where I've spent the past three weeks. The wolf and the lynx have both returned to the forests. The naturalists have been rejoicing. There's been a TV documentary. Meanwhile the local farmers and hunters have disappeared into the forests with their rifles. Jan and Lennart, the sons of the farmer at the end of the lake, were particularly aggrieved that the lynx (that's a wild cat to you townies) was killing "their" deer, and the urban bureaucrats who had decided to protect it only increased their rage. They vowed to track the animal down. "Did they kill it?" I asked one local man. "They didn't say", he replied with a hint of a wink.

What does the word "rural" mean to you? Organic, perhaps. Wholesome. Gemeinschaft (or do I mean Gesellschaft?). Conservative. Marx's "rural idiocy" maybe. To me the countryside is about paranoia. It breeds independence and idiosyncrasy and other nice things but also the sort of people who wander onto Capitol Hill in order to kill some senators or declare war on the FBI for being an essentially socialist organization. For people who live in and off the countryside, there always seems to be the idea that "they"—the bureaucrats, the government, the city folk—are out to get them.

What they despise almost as much as city folk themselves are the sort of things that city folk like about the countryside, footpaths, beauty spots, old buildings, rare flora and fauna, ancient sites of historical interest. To select from my experience of the past few weeks, the land that was once owned by my late grandparents contained a meadow that was famous across Sweden (well, it was once featured on the front page of the local newspaper) for its rare plants. A couple of weeks ago my cousin—an engineer and part-time farmer with a flock of four sheep and one ram—fenced the meadow off, set the sheep loose into it and within two days it duly looked like a bit of scrub in a corner of a derelict industrial estate. Incidentally, when your correspondent went to investigate this vandalism, the said ram pursued him across the field in a way that was later said to be hilarious to onlookers.

Another local man carries around a special bullet in case he should ever get on the trail of a wolf. The normal bullets used for hunting deer and elk have soft tips so that they spread out on contact and cause devastating fatal wounds. But this special wolf bullet has a hard tip so that it will pass right through the animal, leaving a relatively small (though almost certainly fatal) wound. The dying wolf will then probably walk tens of miles before it dies, thus preventing "them" from identifying the slayers of this absurdly protected predator. And this happens in a province which has a wolf as its official symbol.

There's more. A neighboring lake has become home to what I was informed is an exceedingly rare kind of hawk. But the local people who have spotted it have kept its presence a closely guarded secret. If they told ornithologists about it, then the next thing that would happen is that they would probably want to come into the area and start to look at the bloody thing, and once these bureaucrats and scientists get their claws into an area, who knows where it will end?

Much of this is probably true of rural areas everywhere, but in Sweden it has been exacerbated by the Byzantine bureaucracy that was generated by 40 years of social democracy, a system that led both to some of the finest public services and to the situation in which the country's greatest living artist, Ingmar Bergman, under suspicion of a minor tax transgression, was publicly arrested and interrogated in a manner that might have been thought excessive by Beria.

One of the fundamental Swedish rights is entitled allamansrdtt, which permits anybody to walk, pick berries or mushrooms virtually anywhere. Some local business

A．hated

B．distrust

C．contempt

D．reverence

Look at the four squares A, B, Cand D, which indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage. Where would the sentence best fit?

Eurasia is a huge, ecologically diverse landmass, and therefore has a great many large mammal species.

Early herding societies quickly domesticated all large mammal species that were suitable for domestication. AThere is archaeological evidence that these species were domesticated between 10,000 and 4,500 years ago, within the first few thousand years of the origins of farming-herding societies after the last Ice Age.B The continent of Eurasia has been the primary site of large mammal domestication. CHaving the most species of wild mammals to begin with, and losing the fewest to extinction in the last 40,000 years, Eurasia has generated the most candidates for domestication. D

A．

B．

C．

D．

Why does the professor say this:

A．To emphasize the point that he has just made

B．To indicate that another point will be made

C．To demonstrate that the point is his opinion

D．To regain the students' attention for the next point

Part A

Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)

People have good reason to care about the welfare of animals. Ever since the Enlightenment, their treatment has been seen as a measure of mankind's humanity. It is no coincidence that William Wilberforce and Sir Thomas Foxwell Buxton, two leaders of the movement to abolish the slave trade, helped found the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals in the 1820s. An increasing number of people go further: mankind has a duty not to cause pain to animals that have the capacity to suffer. Both views have led people gradually to extend treatment once reserved for mankind to other species.

But when everyday lives are measured against such principles, they are fraught with contradictions. Those who would never dream of caging their cats and dogs guzzle bacon and eggs from ghastly factory farms. The abattoir and the cattle truck are secret places safely hidden from the meat-eater's gaze and the child's story book. Plenty of people who denounce the fur-trade (much of which is from farmed animals) quite happily wear leather (also from farmed animals).

Perhaps the inconsistency is understandable. After hundreds of years of thinking about it, people cannot agree on a system of rights for each other, so the ground is bound to get shakier still when animals are included. The trouble is that confusion and contradiction open the way to the extremist. And because scientific research is remote from most people's lives, it is particularly vulnerable to their campaigns.

In fact, science should be the last target, wherever you draw the boundaries of animal welfare. For one thing, there is rarely an alternative to using animals in research. If there were, scientists would grasp it, because animal research is expensive and encircled by regulations. Animal research is also for a higher purpose than a full belly or an elegant outfit. The world needs new medicines and surgical procedures just as it needs the unknowable fruits of pure research.

And science is, by and large, kind to its animals. The couple of million (mainly rats and mice) that die in Britain's laboratories are far better looked- after and far more humanely killed than the billion or so (mainly chickens ) on Britain's farms. Indeed, if Darley Oaks makes up its loss of guinea pigs with turkeys or dairy cows, you can be fairly sure animal welfare in Britain has just taken a step backwards.

The first paragraph is written to______.

A．put forward sound reason to care about the welfare of animals

B．emphasize the glory of the Enlightenment

C．introduce the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals

D．provide background knowledge for the discussion to be expanded

AnadministratorneedstoapplyaTechnologyLevelupdate.Duringthepreviewinstall，theoutputindicatesthatthereisinsufficientspaceinthe/usrfilesystem.Reviewoftherootvolumegroupindicatestherearenoavailablephysicalpartitions，butthe/testjfs2filesystemisonly8%used.Whatisthemostefficientmethodtousetheavailablespaceinthe/testfilesystemtoapplytheupdate？（）

A.Usechfstoreducethe/testfilesystem

B.Usecplvtocopythe/testfilesystemtoasmallerlogicalvolume

C.Usemigratepvltomovethe/testfilesystemtoadifferentvolumegroup

D.Backupthe/testfilesystem，removeit，andrecreateitwithasmallersize

Distance learning has moved far away from the traditional correspondence course, aimed at the individual student working alone. The global reach of the Internet makes it possible to unite geographically scattered students in a virtual classroom. Methods such as multimedia, video-conferencing and the Internet will increasingly allow students both to proceed at their own pace, and to interact with one another and their teachers.

Even without taking the technology to its limits, the idea of education as a lifelong process is catching on throughout the industrialized world. Already, working adults who pursue their studies part-time make up roughly half of students taking college courses in the United States.

However, there is debate in scholar circles about how far new technology should be used for teaching academic subjects in which personal contacts between teacher and student are still vital. Britain's Open University, for example, a world leader in distance education, has embraced information technology cautiously, believing it to be no substitute for books and the exchange of ideas at live tutorials and summer schools.

But the Open University is also moving with the tide. It has set up a "knowledge media institute" to explore ways of adopting information technology. Some teachers are concerned about this trend, arguing that the heavy investment that students are expected to make in computer and communications equipment contradicts the concept of "open" cost, of course, is and important factor in many developing countries, where few people have computers or even phones. Rather than uniting the world, the new technologies could lead to societies of information haves and have-nots.

Distance learning is different from the traditional correspondence course in that______.

A．it requires the individual student to work alone

B．it enables all the students to work at the same pace

C．it allows students to discuss with one another and their teachers

D．it enables geographically scattered students to study in the same physical classroom