Pleaders were known as _____, and the narratives that they told were called _____.

Animals seem to have the sense to eat when they are hungry and they do not eat more than their bodies need. It has been demonstrated that rats will, when given a choice over a period of time, prefer water with vitamins to water without vitamins even though there is no difference in taste or smell between the two water bottles. When a fragrant flavor was added to the vitamin enriched fluid, the rats did seem to develop a taste for it and kept drinking it, even after the vitamins were switched to the clear water. In time, however, they broke the habit and went back to where the necessary vitamins were.

In a classic experiment, babies of 6 to 12 months old were placed in a cafeteria feeding arrangement, with a wide selection of baby food before them. They were given whatever food they pointed to or appeared interested in. We are told that at first they showed some unusual eating patterns, but that over a period of time they managed to select well-balanced diet.

So, in selecting food, rats and babies do seem to know and act on what‘s best for them.Apparently, there is a kind of "body wisdom" . which hmnans soon lose.Most of us do not eat as wisely as we could.

Many of our food preferences are culturally determined and influenced by long-established habits. Some people eat fox, dog and blackbirds, while we eat cows and pigs. So what people eat and how much they eat seem to be greatly influenced by what is going on around them.

In the experiment on rats, a fragrant flavor was added to the rat‘s drinking water to()

A.encourage rats to drink vitamin-enriched water

B.find out rats preference in flavor

C.test whether rats know which drink is good for them

D.demonstrate that vitamins aretasteless

The expression "the habit”（ Line 6, Paragraph 1. refers to drinking water which （）A.has no smell

B.is tasteless

C.has vitamins

D.is flavored

According to the passage, adults eating habits differ from those of babies because （）A.adults know better than babies what kind of food is good for their health

B.adults usually cannot resist the temptation of various delicious foods

C.adults‘ eating habits are closely related to the social and cultural customs

D.adults have more choices of food than babies in eating patterns

The author implied in the passage that most of us （）A.eat a balanced diet

B.choose the food that is of nutrition

C.have the habits influenced by the surroundings

D.like to eat the food with a fragrant flavor

As far as their eating habits are concerned, babies and rats are similar in that （ ）A.both have the wisdom to choose a balanced diet

B.both prefer flavored food and drink

C.both have the same eating patterns

D.both develop a taste for the same kinds of flavors

请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！

Animals seem to have the sense to eat when they are hungry and they do not eat more than their bodies need. (7) It has been demonstrated that rats will, when given a choice over a period of time, prefer water with vitamins to water without vitamins even though there is no difference in taste or smell between the two water bottles. When a fragrant flavor was added to the vitamin-enriched fluid, the rats did seem to develop a taste for it and kept drinking it, even after the vitamins were switched to the clear water. In time, however, they broke the habit and went back to where the necessary vitamins were.

In a classic experiment, babies of 6 to 12 months old were placed in a cafeteria feeding arrangement, with a wide selection of baby food before them. They were given whatever food they pointed to or appeared interested in. We are told that at first they showed some unusual eating patterns, but that over a period of time they managed to select well-balanced diet.

So, in selecting food, rats and babies do seem to know and act on what's best for them. Apparently, there is a kind of "body wisdom," which humans soon lose. Most of us do not eat as wisely as we could. Many of our food preferences are culturally determined and influenced by long-established habits. Some people eat fox, dog and blackbirds, while we eat cows and pigs. So what people eat and how much they eat seems to be greatly influenced by what is going on around them.

In the experiment on rats, a fragrant flavor was added to the rat's drinking water to______.

A．encourage rats to drink vitamin-enriched water

B．find out rat's preference in flavor

C．test whether rats know which drink is good for them

D．demonstrate that vitamins are tasteless

Storytelling is one of the few human features that are truly universal across culture and through all of known history. Anthropologists find evidence of folktales everywhere in ancient cultures,written in Sanskrit，Latin，Greek，Chinese，Egyptian and Sumerian. People in societies of all types weave stories，from oral storytellers in hunter-gatherer tribes to the millions of writers bringing out books，television shows and movies. And when a characteristic behavior. shows up in so many different societies. researchers pay attention：its roots may tell us something about our evolutionary past.

To study storytelling，scientists must first define what constitutes a story，and that can prove tricky. Because there are so many diverse forms，scholars often define story structure. known as narrative，by explaining what it is not. Exposition contrasts with narrative by being a simple，straightforward explanation，such as a list of facts or an encyclopedia entry. Another standard approach defines narrative as a series of causally linked events that unfold over time. A third definition draws on the typical narrative's subject matter：the interactions of intentional agents-characters with minds-who possess various motivations,

However narrative is defined，people know it when they feel it. Whether fiction or nonfiction. a narrative engages its audience through psychological realism-recognizable emotions and believable interactions among characters.

“Everyone has a natural detector for psychological realism，”says Raymond A. Mar，assistant professor of psychology at York University in Toronto. “We can tell when something rings false. ”But the best stories-those retold through generations and translated into other languages-do more than simply present a believable picture. These tales attract their audience. whose emotions can be closely tied to those of the story's characters. Such immersion(沉浸)is a state psychologists call“narrative transport”. Researchers have only begun figuring out the relations among the variables that can initiate narrative transport.

The passage indicates that storytelling______.

A．is becoming less and less popular in modem societies

B．attracts researchers' attention all through human history

C．is the best way to show the evolutionary past of human beings

D．is a common cultural phenomenon all through the known history

First read the paragraph below and then find out its problem in writing. Effects of Color Colors create biological reactions in our bodies. These reactions, in turn, can change our behavior. In one study, prisoners were put in a pink room, and they underwent a drastic and measurable decrease in muscle strength and hostility within 2.7 seconds. In another study, athletes needing short bursts of energy were exposed to red light. Their muscle strength increased by 13.5 percent, and the electrical activity in their arm muscle increased by 5.8 percent. Athletes needing more endurance for longer performance responded best when exposed to blue light. Blue is not a good color for dinnerware, however. Food look less appetizing when it is served on a blue plate, perhaps because very few foods are of that color. Other studies have shown that the color green is calming. After London’s Blackfriar Bridge was painted green, the number of suicides decreased by 34 percent. These and other studies clearly demonstrate that color affects not only our moods but also our behavior as well (Daniel 10)

A、This paragraph does not have unity because it discusses two different topics

B、This paragraph does not have unity because it has sentences that are not related to the main topic.

C、The paragraph is not coherent enough.

D、The paragraph does not have specific support of the topic sentence.

As thoroughly awful as everyone knows cigarettes to be – still the No. 1 cause of premature death in this country – public officials become unclear when they try to reduce smoking’s terrible toll. As long as they lack the will to ban tobacco altogether, they face all sorts of ethical, legal and political problems in regulating a product that is, after all, perfectly legal. High tobacco taxes, critics say, unfairly punish smokers, who are disproportionately low income. Banning advertising of a legal product raises free-speech issues. Now, the New York City Council, is considering another strategy: making it illegal for anyone younger than 21 to buy cigarettes. Currently, anyone 18 or over can buy a pack. The new proposal would, at least theoretically, make cigarettes difficult to obtain by those who are most vulnerable to peer pressure and tobacco marketing. Yet the good intentions are outweighed by the proposal’s problems. For one thing, it’s practically doomed to have minimal effect. A 20-minute bus ride will transport any Bronx (布朗克斯，纽约市最北端的一区) resident to neighboring Yonkers (扬克斯，纽约市的郊区), where 18-year-olds would still be allowed to buy as many packages as they want. According to experts, nearly 90 percent of smokers take up the habit before the age of 18 – apparently unaffected by the existing rules forbidding stores from selling to them. More than 1,200 people die of smoking-related disease each day in this country. By all means, there should be more education about the dangers of smoking, more bans on where people may smoke, more advertising to counter the tobacco industry’s marketing. But adults should retain the right to make most decisions that affect only themselves, even very bad decisions. Beyond the practical considerations, government leaders should think twice about taking away the right of adults to buy a legal, if dangerous, product like cigarettes. True, the legal drinking age is 21 in every state. But that is justified by the fact that an 18-year-old’s dumb decision to drink may harm others. A decision to smoke harms only the smoker.

1)What can we learn from the first paragraph?

A.Public officials intend to forbid tobacco completely.

B.Public officials have to face various problems in handling smoking.

C.Public officials are pressurized to reduce the number of smokers.

D.Public officials still hesitate as to whether to ban tobacco or not.

2)Why does the New York City Council raise the cigarette-buying age to 21?

A.To reduce the influence of tobacco marketing on people.

B.To direct tobacco marketing to develop in a healthy way.

C.To reduce the number of cigarette-related diseases and deaths.

D.To prevent young people from buying cigarettes upon temptation.

3)Why does the author say that the new proposal will have the least effect?

A.Because young people can manage to get cigarettes elsewhere.

B.Because the government will not approve such a proposal.

C.Because tobacco companies will try all means to resist the proposal.

D.Because most people will dismiss the proposal as ignoring human right.

4)According to the passage, which is the best way to reduce smoking-related death?

A.People shouldn’t be allowed to smoke in public places.

B.Tobacco industry should be forbidden to advertise their products.

C.People should be educated to raise their awareness of the harm of smoking.

D.Government should announce the number of smoking-related deaths each year.

5)What does the author imply by comparing the smoking age and the drinking age?

A.Smoking and drinking are the rights that adults possess.

B.Smoking and drinking are both harmful to people’s health.

C.Smoking should not be treated in the same way as drinking.

D.The legal smoking age should be the same as that of the drinking.

PrimeCyte and Pfizer began to find alternatives to animal testing because they were advocates of animal protection.

A．Y

B．N

C．NG