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Mind-reading Machine

A team of researchers in California has developed a way to predict what kinds of objects people are looking at by scanning(扫描) what's happening in their brains.

When you look at something, your eyes send a signal about that object to your brain. Different regions of the brain process the information your eyes send. Cells in your brain called neurons(神经元) are responsible for this processing.

The fMRI (functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging)(功能性磁振造影) brain scans could generally match electrical activity in the brain to the basic shape of a picture that someone was looking at.

Like cells anywhere else in your body, active neurons use oxygen. Blood brings oxygen to the neurons, and the more active a neuron is, the more oxygen it will consume. The more active a region of the brain, the more active its neurons, and in turn, the more blood will travel to that region. And by using fMRI, scientists can visualize(使…显现) which parts of the brain receive more oxygen-rich blood—and therefore, which parts are working to process information.

An fMRI machine is a device that scans the brain and measures changes in blood flow to the brain. The technology shows researchers how brain activity changes when a person thinks, looks at something, or carries out an activity like speaking or reading. By highlighting the areas of the brain at work when a person looks at different images, fMRI may help scientists determine specific patterns of brain activity associated with different kinds of images.

The California researchers tested brain activity by having two volunteers view hundreds of pictures of everyday objects, like people, animals, and fruits. The scientists used nn fMRI machine to record the volunteers' brain activity with each photograph they looked at. Different objects caused different regions of the volunteers' brains to light up on the scan, indicating activity. The scientists used this information to build a model to predict how the brain might respond to any image the eyes see.

In a second test, the scientists asked the volunteers to look at 120 new pictures. Like before, their brains were scanned every time they looked at a new image. This time, the scientists used their model to match the fMRI scans to the image. For example, if a scan in the second test showed the same pattern of brain activity that was strongly related to pictures of apples in the first test, their model would have predicted the volunteers were looking at apples.

What is responsible for processing the information sent by your eyes?

A．The magnetic system in the brain.

B．The central part of the heart.

C．Oxygen-rich blood.

D．Neurons in the brain.

Mind-reading Machine

A team of researchers in California has developed a way to predict what kinds of objects people are looking at by scanning(扫描) what's happening in their brains.

When you look at something, your eyes send a signal about that object to your brain. Different regions of the brain process the information your eyes send. Cells in your brain called neurons(神经元) are responsible for this processing.

The fMRI (functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging)(功能性磁振造影) brain scans could generally match electrical activity in the brain to the basic shape of a picture that someone was looking at.

Like cells anywhere else in your body, active neurons use oxygen. Blood brings oxygen to the neurons, and the more active a neuron is, the more oxygen it will consume. The more active a region of the brain, the more active its neurons, and in turn, the more blood will travel to that region. And by using fMRI, scientists can visualize(使…显现) which parts of the brain receive more oxygen-rich blood—and therefore, which parts are working to process information.

An fMRI machine is a device that scans the brain and measures changes in blood flow to the brain. The technology shows researchers how brain activity changes when a person thinks, looks at something, or carries out an activity like speaking or reading. By highlighting the areas of the brain at work when a person looks at different images, fMRI may help scientists determine specific patterns of brain activity associated with different kinds of images.

The California researchers tested brain activity by having two volunteers view hundreds of pictures of everyday objects, like people, animals, and fruits. The scientists used nn fMRI machine to record the volunteers' brain activity with each photograph they looked at. Different objects caused different regions of the volunteers' brains to light up on the scan, indicating activity. The scientists used this information to build a model to predict how the brain might respond to any image the eyes see.

In a second test, the scientists asked the volunteers to look at 120 new pictures. Like before, their brains were scanned every time they looked at a new image. This time, the scientists used their model to match the fMRI scans to the image. For example, if a scan in the second test showed the same pattern of brain activity that was strongly related to pictures of apples in the first test, their model would have predicted the volunteers were looking at apples.

What is responsible for processing the information sent by your eyes?

A．The magnetic system in the brain.

B．The central part of the heart.

C．Oxygen-rich blood.

D．Neurons in the brain.

How do the neurons in our brains communicate with each other?

A．They communicate by linking to the basal ganglia.

B．They work in the synapse to pass messages.

C．They spread their influence like a radio signal.

D．They release and capture neurochemicals.

On signing the multimillion-euro contract, the chief executive officer was assured that everything became______.

A．success

B．successful

C．successfully

D．successive

In Ireland, following the collection of a 15 euro cent per bag tax, plastic bag usage has dropped by ______.

欧元的国际货币符号为（）。

A.EURO

B.EUR

C.EYP

D.EYPO

回答下列各题： A．Salesperson is required for our new Portman Street Showroom to work a flexitime 30-hour per week, including alternate Saturdays. Fileco specializes in office furniture and equipment. The showroom displays our very latest in integrated office design and is intended to serve as our window on the business world. Applicants should have some experience in business and fluency in a second language would be a distinct advantage. B．Eurofile, one of Europes leading publishers is seeking a self-motivated Assistant Accountant to help run its busy accounts department. The candidate should possess excellent accounting qualifications and have at least 2 years accounting experience. She/he should also be computer literate and able to carry out all essential day-to-day accounting tasks. Management experience and European languages are a definite advantage, Salary 15, 000 -- 17, 000 p. a. Send C. V. to Joanna Jarvis, Eurofile, Stack Street, Manchester, MN8 4TX, quoting reference JAC/01/TN. C．The Bell Educational Trust seeks applications from teachers of English as a foreign language to work in China. Candidates should have: -- a degree plus a qualification in TEEL ( PGCE or RSA) diploma -- a minimum of 3 years experience with at least one year overseas -- experience in preparation of materials and in teaching ESP / EAP Send applications with full C. V. and the names of two referees, one of whom must be the most recent employer, together with recent photograph of yourself, to Lewis Kerr, The Bell Educational Trust, Hillscross, 1 Red Cross Lane, Cambridge CB2 2QX. D．We are a major company with an international reputation with customers throughout Europe, the Middle East and S. E. Asia. Qualifications: -- Proven secretarial skills -- Languages ( French, German, Arabic, Mandarin) -- Ability to work as part of team and on own initiative You are free to choose when you will begin and end your workday．

Niall FitzGerald would have liked to leave Unilever in a blaze of glory when he retires at the end of September. The co-chief executive of the Anglo-Dutch consumer-goods group was one of the godfathers of Unilever's "Path to Growth" strategy of focusing on its brands, which was launched five years ago. But the plan failed to deliver on many of its promises. On September 20th, Unilever warned that it would not report its promised double-digit growth in profits this year.

It is a tough time for producers of branded consumer goods. Unilever and its competitors have to cope with pressure on prices and stiff competition from supermarkets' own brands. Colgate-Palmolive warned of lower profits on the same day. Nestle recently disappointed investors with its latest results. Even so, Unilever admits the bulk of its troubles are self-inflicted. The "Path to Growth" strategy aimed to make the firm more efficient. Unilever saved about 4 billion euro ($4.9 billion) in costs over the past five years and reduced its portfolio of brands from 1,600 to some 450. But it still failed to meet its targets for profit and sales, reporting a sales decline of 0.@7% for the second quarter of this year.

Andrew Wood at Sanford Bernstein, an investment-research firm, thinks the main problem is under-investment in advertising and marketing, an infatuation with brands and unrealistic performance targets. Unilever cut its ad and marketing expenditure at the worst moment, says Mr. Wood. Com-moditised products are especially: vulnerable to the onslaught of retailers' own brands. In margarine, for instance, retailers' own brands now capture as much as one-fifth of the market. Unilever also over-extended some successful brands, for instance Bertolli's olive oils and pasta sauces. According to Mr. Wood, Unilever can sustainably grow its business about 3% a year; it was shooting for 5-6%.

Unilever's chief financial officer (CFO) counters that consumers look for a product and then buy a brand, so his firm needs to focus on brands. Unilever intends to step up its marketing efforts, although ad spending is supposed to remain at current levels. At present, Unilever spends 14.@5% of sales on ads. But even the CFO admits the company has "issues of competitiveness". After seven quarters of disappointing performance, it needs to regain credibility with investors. Over the next few months, management will rethink its strategy for the next five-year plan. Patrick Cescau, a Frenchman who will take over from Mr. FitzGerald, is inheriting a tricky legacy.

Which of the following about "Path to Growth" strategy is true?

A．It is hard to carry out.

B．It has a glorious history.

C．It underlines Unilever's brands.

D．it brings high growth.

Niall FitzGerald would have liked to leave Unilever in a blaze of glory when he retires at the end of September. The co-chief executive of the Anglo-Dutch consumer-goods group was one of the godfathers of Unilever's "Path to Growth" strategy of focusing on its brands, which was launched live years ago. But the plan failed to deliver on many of its promises. On September 20th, Unilever warned that it would not report its promised double-digit growth in profits this year.

It is a tough time for producers of branded consumer goods. Unilever and its competitors have to cope with pressure on prices and stiff competition from supermarkets' own brands, Colgate-Palmolive warned of lower profits on the 'same day, Nestle recently disappointed investors with its latest results. Even so, Unilever admits the bulk of its troubles are self-inflicted. The "Path to Growth" strategy aimed to make the firm more efficient. Unilever saved about 4 billion euro ($4.9 billion) in costs over the past five years and reduced its portfolio of brands front 1,600 to some 450, but it still failed to meet its targets for profit and sales, reporting a sales decline of 0.7% for the second quarter of this year.

Andrew Wood at Sanford Bernstein, an investment-research firm, thinks the main problem is under-investment in advertising and marketing, an infatuation with brands and unrealistic performance targets. Unilever cut its ad and marketing expenditure at the worst moment, says Mr. Wood. Commoditised products are especially vulnerable to the onslaught of retailers' own brands. In margarine, for instance, retailers' own brands now capture as much as one-fifth of the market. Unilever also over extended some successful brands, for instance Bertolli's olive oils and pasta sauces. According to Mr. Wood, Unilever can sustainably grow its business about 3% a year; it was shooting for 5-6%.

Unilever's chief financial officer (CFO) counters that consumers look for a product and then buy a brand, so his firm needs to focus on brands. Unilever intends to step up its marketing efforts, al though ad spending is supposed to remain at current levels. At present, Unilever spends 14.5% of sales on ads. But even the CFO admits the company has "issues of competitiveness". After seven quarters of disappointing performance, it needs to regain credibility with investors. Over the next few months, management will rethink its strategy for the next five-year plan. Patrick Cescau, a Frenchman who will take over from Mr. FitzGerald, is inheriting a tricky legacy.

Which of the following about "Path to Growth" strategy is true?

A．It is hard to carry out.

B．It has a glorious history.

C．it underlines Unilever's brands.

D．It brings high growth.