Disasters fall into two major categories — natural disasters and man-made disasters. Could you list one disaster in our daily life and give some advice to avoid it or prevent it from happening？

Over the years, we tend to think that nuclear technologies and the necessary know—how to ensure nuclear safety have been developed to a level that possibilities for any major nuclear accidents are almost non-existent and if it does happen, it will be that you just can't be too careful to handle nuclear energy. We don't know for sure yet what will be left behind Japan's nuclear crisis, but it will be certain that it is time to re-examine our nuclear practices and many more efforts need to be made to ensure nuclear safety in the future.

The West has begun to take more notice of the East. The fifth volume of an enormous work re- assessing the Chinese contribution to science and technology is to be published next year. The first volume, which was published twenty years ago, set the tone for the whole work. In it, evidence was given to show that many inventions which, until then, Western historians had claimed for Europe, were made first in China. The attempt to rewrite the intellectual history of the world was not received without protest by some famous historians. However, the evidence that has been presented so far in the first four volumes has persuaded many historians who were skeptical at first. China's invention of paper, printing, the magnetic compass and gunpowder has never been disputed, but this new history has added advanced bridge design, mechanical clocks, paddle boats and many other inventions to the list.

In the four volumes published so far no attempt has been made to explain why China has not kept up with the West in science and technology in modem times. It is probable that the answer is to be found in the social and economic history of China, where a static(静态的) society under a relatively kind ruling of scholars contrasts with the potentially revolutionary and dynamic society of the West at the end of the Middle Ages. In recent years, the Chinese government has been making every effort to catch up with the West again, and there is little doubt that the gap is being reduced year by year. But will China avoid the West's mistakes?

So far, how many volumes of the book have been published?

A．Five.

B．Four.

C．Three.

D．None.

The West has begun to take more notice of the East. The fifth 【C1】______ of an enormous 【C2】______ reassessing the Chinese contribution to science and technology is to be published next year. The first volume, 【C3】______ was published twenty years ago, 【C4】______ the tone of the whole work. In it, evidence was given to show that many inventions which 【C5】______ western historians had claimed for Europe, were made 【C6】______ in China. The attempt to rewrite the intellectual history of the world was not received 【C7】______ protest by some reputable historians. 【C8】______ , the evidence that has been presented so far in the first four volumes has persuaded many historians who were 【C9】______ at first. China's invention of paper, printing, the magnetic compass and gunpowder 【C10】______ disputed, but this, new history has added 【C11】______ bridge design, mechanical clocks, paddleboats and many 【C12】______ inventions to the list.

In the four volumes published so far no attempt has been made to explain 【C13】______ China has not kept up with the West in science and technology in modern【C14】______ . It is probable that the answer【C15】______ in the social and economic history of China, where a static society 【C16】______ a relatively benevolent regime of scholar-gentry contrasts 【C17】______ the potentially revolutionary and dynamic society of the West at the end of the Middle Ages. In recent years; the Chinese government has been making every effort to【C18】______ the West again, and there is【C19】______ doubt that the gap is being【C20】______ year by year. But will China avoid the West's mistake?

【C1】

A．version

B．volume

C．selection

D．collection

The West has begun to take more notice of the East. The fifth【C1】______ of an enormous【C2】______ reassessing the Chinese contribution to science and technology isto be published next year. The first volume,【C3】______ was published twenty years ago,【C4】______ the tone of the whole work. In it, evidence was to show that many inventions which【C5】______ , western historians had claimed for Europe, were then made【C6】______ in China. The attempt to rewrite the intellectual of the world was not received【C7】______ protest by some reputable historians.【C8】______ , the evidence that has been presented so far in the first four volumes has persuaded many historians who were【C9】______ at first. China's invention of paper, the magnetic compass and gunpowder【C10】______ disputed, but this new history has added【C11】______ bridge design, mechanical clocks, paddleboats and many【C12】______ inventions to the list.

In the four volumes published so far no attempt has been made to explain【C13】______ China has not kept up with in science and technology in modern【C14】______ . It is probable that the answer【C15】______ in the social and economic history of China, found where a static society【C16】______ a relatively benevolent regime of scholar-gentry contrasts【C17】______ the potentially revolutionary and dynamic society of the West at the end of the Middle Ages. In recent years, the Chinese government has been making every effort to【C18】______ the West again, and there is【C19】______ doubt that the gap is being【C20】______ year by year. But will China avoid the West's mistake?

【C1】

A．version

B．volume

C．selection

D．collection

A land free from destruction, plus wealth, natural resources, and labor supply—all these were important factors, in helping England to become the center for the Industrial Revolution.

【31】they were not enough. Something else was needed to start the industrial process. That "something special" was men—【32】individuals who could invent machines, find new sources of power, and establish business organizations to reshape society.

The men who【33】the machines of the Industrial Revolution came from many backgrounds and many occupations. Many of them were【34】inventors than scientists. A man who is a pure scientist is primarily interested in doing his research【35】. He is not necessarily working so that his findings can be used. An inventor or one interested in applied science is【36】trying to make something that has a concrete idea. He may try to solve a problem by using the theories【37】science or by experimenting through trial and error. Regardless of his method, he is working to obtain a specific result: the construction of a harvesting machine, the burning of a light bulb, or one of【38】other objectives.

Most of the people who developed the machines of the Industrial Revolution were inventors, not trained scientists. A few were both scientists and inventors. Even those who had【39】or no training in science might not have made their inventions if a groundwork had not been laid by scientists years【40】.

(31)

A．But

B．And

C．Besides

D．Even

A land free from destruction, plus wealth, natural resources, and labor supply—all these were important factors, in helping England to become the center for the Industrial Revolution.【B1】they were not enough. Something else was needed to start the industrial process. That "something special" was men—【B2】individuals who could invent machines, find new sources of power, and establish business organizations to reshape society.

The men who【B3】the machines of the Industrial Revolution came from many backgrounds and many occupations. Many of them were【B4】inventors than scientists. A man who is a pure scientist is primarily interested in doing his research【B5】. He is not necessarily working so that his findings can be used. An inventor or one interested in applied science is【B6】trying to make something that has a concrete idea. He may try to solve a problem by using the theories【B7】science or by experimenting through trial and error. Regardless of his method, he is working to obtain a specific result: the construction of a harvesting machine, the burning of a light bulb, or one of【B8】other objectives.

Most of the people who developed the machines of the Industrial Revolution were inventors, not trained scientists. A few were both scientists and inventors. Even those who had【B9】or no training in science might not have made their inventions if a groundwork had not been laid by scientists years【B10】.

【B1】

A．But

B．And

C．Besides

D．Even

A land free from destruction, plus wealth, natural resources, and labor supply—all these were important factors, in helping England to become the center for the Industrial Revolution.【B1】they were not enough. Something else was needed to start the industrial process. That "something special" was men【B2】individuals who could invent machines, find new sources of power, and establish business organizations to reshape society.

The men who【B3】the machines of the Industrial Revolution came from many backgrounds and many occupations. Many of them were【B4】inventors than scientists. A man who is a pure scientist is primarily interested in doing his research【B5】.He is not necessarily working so that his findings can be used. An inventor or one interested in applied science is【B6】trying to make something that has a concrete idea. He may try to solve a problem by using the theories【B7】science or by experimenting through trial and error. Regardless of his method, he is working to obtain a specific result: the construction of a harvesting machine, the burning of a light bulb, or one of【B8】other objectives.

Most of the people who developed the machines of the Industrial Revolution were inventors, not trained scientists. A few were both scientists and inventors. Even those who had【B9】or no training in science might not have made their inventions if a groundwork had not been laid by scientists years【B10】.

【B1】

A．But

B．And

C．Besides

D．Even

In Chile, where Darwin saw earthquakes and volcanoes, he began to see what must have happened. The centre of the earth, he decided, was very hot. The surface of the earth was thinner in some places. It was in these places that earthquakes and volcanoes developed.

As the Beagle sailed around the world, Darwin began to wonder how life had developed on earth. He saw volcanic islands in the sea, and wondered how living things had got there.

But people who believed every word of the Bible thought that God had made all creatures and Man. But, if that was true, why did some of the fossils look like" mistakes" which had failed to change and, for that reason ,died out?

On went Beagle, to Tahiti, New Zealand and Australia. There, Darwin saw coral and coral islands for the first time. How had these islands come about? Soon, he had the answer. Coral was made up of the bodies of millions of tiny creatures, piled up over millions of years— a million years for each island. Darwin wrote it all down in his notebooks.

After five years he was home. He was never again the healthy young man who climbed mountains and carried heavy bags of fossils for miles.

He set to work, getting his collection in order. And, in 1839, he married his cousin, Emma Wedgwood. It was a happy marriage with ten children. He could be found working in his study, with a child beside him.

His first great work The Zoology of the Beagle was well received, but he was slow to make public his ideas on the origins of life. He was certainly very worried about disagreeing with the accepted views of the Church. Happily, the naturalists at Cambridge persuaded Darwin that he must make his ideas public. So Darwin and Wallace, another naturalist who had the same opinions as Darwin, produced a paper together. A year later Darwin's great book, On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection appeared. It attracted a storm.

People thought that Darwin was saying they were descended from monkeys. What a shameful idea! Although most scientists agreed that Darwin was right and that the story of Adam and Eve was merely a story, the Church was still so strong that Darwin never received any honours for his work.

Many years later, he published his other great work, The Descent of Man. He gave a lecture at the Royal Institution, when the whole audience stood up and clapped. His health grew worse, but still he worked. "When I have to give up observation, I shall die, " he said. He was still working on 17,April,1882. He was dead two days later.

What did Charles Darwin see in Chile?

A．Earthquakes and volcanoes.

B．Coral and coral islands.

C．Bodies of millions of tiny creatures.

D．Fossils.