which one is not the way to reduce transmission error for mechanical trasmission chain？

Music is the result of thought in the form. of attitude. There is no one way of thinking, since men's values are as scattered and dissimilar as individual men themselves. If black music can be seen as the result of certain attitudes, certain specific ways of thinking about the world, then my basic hypothesis about music is understood. The black man's music changed as the changed, reflecting shifting attitudes or consistent attitudes within changing contexts. It is why the music changing seems most important to me.

When jazz first began to appear on the American scene during the twenties, in one form. or another, it was introduced in many instances by white Americans. Yet its original conception and its most vital development were the result of certain attitudes, or experiential ideas, attributable to the Afro-American culture. Jazz as played by white musicians was not the same as that played by black musicians nor was there any reason for it to be. The music of the white jazz musician was, at its most profound, a learned art.

The blues, for example, which I take to be an independent black music, was practically ignored in pre-jazz white American culture. Blues is an extremely important part of jazz. However, the way in which jazz utilizes the blues "attitude" provided a musical analogy the white musician could understand, and thus he could arrive at a style. of jazz music. The white musician understood the blues first as music, but seldom as an attitude, since the attitude of the white musician was necessarily quite a different one. And in many cases, it was not consistent with the making of jazz.

Thus, the trumpets(小号)of Bix Beiderbecke and Louis Armstrong were very dissimilar. The white middle-class boy from Iowa was an inborn intellectual and had an emotional life that was based on his conscious or unconscious disapproval of most of the custom of his culture. On the other hand, Armstrong was, in terms of an emotional model, an honored priest of his culture. He was not rebelling against anything with his music. The incredible irony of the situation was that both stood in similar places in the superstructure of American society: Beiderbecke, because of his isolation and departure from mass culture; and Armstrong, because of the socio-historical separation of the black man from the rest of American.

Which of the following best states the underlying idea of the passage?

A．Due to environmental influences, the music of black and white artists must be very different.

B．Due to its result of thought, Mack artists' music can be learned by white musicians.

C．Because jazz is created on inspiration, it is difficult for musicians to copy each other.

D．Because music has social significance, its influence on black white relations should not be underestimated.

Music is the result of thought in the form. of attitude. There is no one way of thinking, since men's values are as scattered and dissimilar as individual men themselves. If black music can be seen as the result of certain attitudes, certain specific ways of thinking about the world, then my basic hypothesis about music is understood. The black man's music changed as the changed, reflecting shifting attitudes or consistent attitudes within changing contexts. It is why the music changing seems most important to me.

When jazz first began to appear on the American scene during the twenties, in one form. or another, it was introduced in many instances by white Americans. Yet its original conception and its most vital development were the result of certain attitudes, or experiential ideas, attributable to the Afro-American culture. Jazz as played by white musicians was not the same as that played by black musicians nor was there any reason for it to be. The music of the white jazz musician was, at its most profound, a learned art.

The blues, for example, which I take to be an independent black music, was practically ignored in pre-jazz white American culture. Blues is an extremely important part of jazz. However, the way in which jazz utilizes the blues "attitude" provided a musical analogy the white musician could understand, and thus he could arrive at a style. of jazz music. The white musician understood the blues first as music, but seldom as an attitude, since the attitude of the white musician was necessarily quite a different one. And in many cases, it was not consistent with the making of jazz.

Thus, the trumpets(小号)of Bix Beiderbecke and Louis Armstrong were very dissimilar. The white middle- class boy from Iowa was an inborn intellectual and had an emotional life that was based on his conscious or unconscious disapproval of most of the custom of his culture. On the other hand, Armstrong was, in terms of an emotional model, an honored priest of his culture. He was not rebelling against anything with his music. The incredible irony of the situation was that both stood in similar places in the superstructure of American society: Beiderbecke, because of his isolation and departure from mass culture; and Armstrong, because of the socio-historical separation of the black man from the rest of American.

Which of the following best states the underlying idea of the passage?

A．Due to the environmental influences, the music of black and white artists must be very different.

B．Due to its result of thought, black artists' music can be learned by white musicians.

C．Because jazz is created on inspiration, it is difficult for musicians to copy each other.

D．Because music has social significance, its influence on black white relations should not be underestimated.

Which of the following is the correct way to transcribe a phrase structure rule?

A．NP改成N

B．S≥NP VP

C．VP 〉V

D．PP=P NP

Which of the following is the correct way to transcribe a phrase structure rule?

A．NP改成N

B．S≥NP VP

C．VP＞V

D．PP＝P NP

It is a success in so far as more women retain their youthful appearance to a greater age than in the past. "Old ladies" are already becoming rare. In a few years, we may well believe, they will be extinctive. Ugliness is one of the symptoms of disease. In【M1】______ so far as the campaign for more beauty is also a campaign for more health, it is admirable but genuinely successful. Beauty that is【M2】______ merely the artificial shadow of these symptoms of health is intrinsically poorer quality than the genuine article. The apparatus【M3】______ for mimicking the symptoms of health is now within the reach of every moderately prosperity person; the knowledge of the way in【M4】______ which real health can be achieved is growing, and will in time, no doubt, universally acted upon. When that happy moment comes,【M5】______ will every woman be beautiful—as beautiful, at any rate, as the natural shape of his features, with or without surgical and chemical【M6】______ aid permits? The answer is obvious: No. For real beauty is as much an affair of the inner as the outer self. The beauty of a porcelain jar is【M7】______ the matter of shape, of colour, of surface texture. The jar may be【M8】______ empty or tenanted by spiders, full of honey or stinking slime—it makes no difference as to its beauty or ugliness. But a woman is【M9】______ lively, and her beauty is therefore not skin deep. The surface of the【M10】______ human vessel is affected by the nature of its spiritual contents.

【M1】

听力原文： Host: Every language has a phrase for" thank you". It' s a sentiment children everywhere are encouraged by their parents to express easily and often.

Every religion has a special way to say" thank you" to God. In the Jewish faith, these" thank you" often take the form. of formal blessings, or" brachot."

In addition to" thank you blessings" for food and health, there are also brachot to be recited upon seeing a rainbow, a wise person, a beautiful woman, a long-lost friend or a king. There is even a long blessing one says after using the toilet, which gives thanks for the smooth functioning of the human body.

Michael Strassfeld is the rabbi of the Society for the Advancement of Judaism in New York and the author of recently a book of Life: Embracing Judaism as A Spiritual Practice.

Voice: Being Grateful I think makes us aware or reminds us of the blessings of our lives. It reflects a sense of how important it is to go through life and go through every day really appreciating the miracles of every day. And I don' t think it' s about making the sun stand still as it were or dividing the Red Sea, but really just the everyday aspects of life, for nature and beauty and relationships. All those things we enjoy every day, but often we forget about.

Host: Rabbi Strassfeld says that traditional Jews also thank God at painful moments. When one hears of a death, for example, one blesses God as" the true Judge".

Voice: And it' s a way of expressing an acknowledgment that death is also part of life. It doesn't mean that death is a blessing or that that person is better off, but it just really understands that everything in life is part of life, and that everything from a traditional viewpoint is created by God. So all of life is part of that. Blessing and gratitude allows you to emphasize or to focus more on the good things and to put the difficult things in the broader perspective.

Rabbi Michael Strassfeld says that one should be grateful ______.

A．when everything goes smoothly

B．when the sun stands still

C．for people' s appreciation

D．for everyday aspects of life

Two Tigers

There were two tigers; one lived in a cage and the other in the wild. The caged one didn&39;t have to worry about his meal while the one outside was unrestrained.

The caged tiger was always envious of the freedom of the one in the wild, while the other one envied the caged one for his ease. One day, one tiger said to the other: "let&39;s change places". The other one agreeded.

Thereupon the caged one went back to nature while the other came into the cage. But before long both died, one of starvation, and the other, melancholy.

Sometimes one is not conscious of his own happiness and always thinks the grass is always greener on the other side of the fence, but not think over that one man&39;s meat is anoter man&39;s poison