/p/, /b/, /m/ and /w/ are produced with the help of __________.

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.

The fact that blind people can "see" things using other parts of their bodies apart from their eyes may help us to understand our feelings about color. If they can sense color differences then perhaps we, too, are affected by color unconsciously.

Manufacturers have discovered by trial and error that sugar sells badly in green wrappings that blue foods are considered unpleasant, and the cosmetics should never be packaged in brown. These discoveries have grown into a whole discipline of color psychology that now finds application in everything from fashion to interior decoration. Some of our preferences are clearly psychological. Dark blue is the color of the night sky and therefore associated with passivity and calm, while yellow is a day color with associations of energy and incentive. For primitive man, activity during the day meant hunting and attacking, while he soon saw as red, the color of blood and rage and the heat that came with effort. And green is associated with passive defense and self-preservation. Experiments have shown that colors, partly because of their physiological associations, also have a direct psychological effect. People exposed to bright red show an increase in heartbeat, and blood pressure; red is exciting. Similar exposure to pure blue has exactly the opposite effect; it is a calming color. Because of its exciting connotations, red was chosen as the signal for danger, but closer analysis shows that a vivid yellow can produce a more basic state of alertness and alarm, so fire engines and ambulances in some advanced communities are now rushing around in bright yellow colors that stop the traffic dead.

Manufacturers found out that color affects sales ______.

A．by experience over a long period of time

B．by experimenting with different colors

C．by trying out color on blind people

D．by developing the discipline of color psychology

The example of Proctor and Gamble's famous Ivory Soap shows the potential that lies in mass marketing and planned, a______ and the importance of recognizable b______ names. Ivory Soap, first produced in 1879, was well p______ with clever slogans. These slogans, particularly the idea that the soap is so pure that it floats, p______ so successful that they are still p______ today. At the same time, the use of the radio serial for Ivory promotion gave rise to the e______ "soap opera", which has become a modern g______ phenomenon. The development of Proctor and Gamble itself, from a small-scale operation founded by two i______ to a multinational empire of today serves as a good example to build brand names.

??I．Work assignment

??English teaching(listening，speaking，reading and writing)and conducting English comer．

??Ⅱ.The salary treatment

??1．Monetary salary 4500-5500 yuan/rnonth.The salary will be paid on the 15th of each month with RMB from the day of starting work to the expiration of the contract.In case the time is shorter than a whole month,the payment shall be counted by day。The daily wage shall be 1/30 of the monthly salary(the same with February).No more than 70%of the salary can be changed into foreign currencies monthly.The employed party shall pay the personal income tax in accordance with the Personal Income Tax Law of the People's Republic of China.

??2.The host college pays 2,200 yuan for one year's contract for traveling or 1,100 yuan for half year's contract.

??3.The medical expenses will be reimbursed by the host college if the amount is no more than 2,200 yuan per year or 1,100 yuan for half year's contract.

??4.The host provides the employed with a flat free of charge with bedroom,sitting room, kitchen and bathroom as well as a set of fumiture,TV set,ffidge,washing machine,heater, and kitchen utensils.

??5.The host provides the employed with a bicycle.If the bicycle is stolen or damaged, the employed is responsible to have them repaired and/or buy a new one.At the end of the contract the employed should return the bicycle to the host.

??6.The host college provides the employed with telephone,computer and printer.The expenses of using telephone will be paid by the employed.

??7.For the employed teacher whose period of stay for half a year the host college provides single international flight fare(international economy class for the nearest distance between China and the country of the employed party)；for the employed whose period of stay for one year the host college provides double international flight fare(international economy class for the nearest distance between China and the country of the employed party).

??Ⅲ. Work time, rest and holidays

??1. The host college assigns the employed no more than 20 hours of teaching Monday through Friday each week and the employed works 5 days every week. If more work is to be assigned, the host college must obtain the employed agreement and pay him 40 yuan for each extra working hour.

??2. The employed party is entitled to the following holidays and festivals in China: New Year's Day, Spring Festival, May Day, National Day and other holidays stipulated by laws and regulations.

??3. The employed party is entitled to the following holidays and festivals according to his nationality: two days off for Christmas and one day off for the National Day of his home country.

??4. The employed party under one-year contract is entitled to a four-week paid vacation. The employed party under half a year contract has no paid vacation.

??Ⅳ. Sick leave and private affairs leave

??1. Certificate from doctors for foreigners appointed by the host college should be presented when the employed party asks for sick leave. If the sick leaves amount to less than 30 days within one-year contract (15 days for half a year contract), the employed shall be paid with 100% of the salary. In case the leaves exceed 30 days, the host college has the right to terminate the contract.

??2. Private affairs leave absence of the employed party shall be approved by the host college. The host college will deduct the salary by day. In case of absence from work without the host college's permission, three days' pay will be deducted for each day absent. For serious circumstances, the host college has the right to terminate the contract and investigate the liability of the employed party for violation of the contract.

??Ⅴ. The employed party's responsibilities

??1. The employed observes the regulations of host college and the regulations for foreign teacher apartment.

??2. Teach classes as designated by the host college.

??3. Prepare individual lesson plans as well as teaching plan for semesters according to the host college teaching plans and textbooks.

??4. Dress professionally. No shorts, vest or slippers in classrooms.

??5. Start and end classes promptly. Notify the host college at least three hours ahead of time if unable to teach a class because of illness.

??6. Spend time on preparing for classes, grading homework, preparing and grading exams, and other teaching-related activities.

??7. Participate in conferences and meetings of the college.

??8. Take blood test and physical examination as required by Chinese laws.

??9. Keep the apartment tidy and clean. Pay for damages done to furniture inside the apartment.

??Ⅵ. The probation period of the contract

??The probation period of the contract shall be 30 days. In the probation period, if the host college finds out the employed party is unfit for the assignment specified in the contract for reasons of health or professional ability, the host college has the right to terminate the contract.

??Ⅶ. Others

??1. The host college responsible for renewing the employed visa or changing a tourist visa into a working visa, a residence card for foreigners, and a foreign expert certificate. The host college pay for all the costs involved. The employed party shall pay for all the costs involved in obtaining a visa to return to China if the employed is traveling outside of China on his own during holidays. The Public Security Bureau shall impose a fine if the employed visa is not renewed in time. If the delay is caused by the host college, then the host college shall pay the fine; if the delay is caused by the employed party, then the employed party shall pay the fine.

??2. This appendix has equal validity of the standard contract and comprises an integral part of the contract.

??(the signature of the host college)?????(the signature of the employed party )

??????年??月??日?????????????month??day??year

Passage One Philip Freneau has always been regarded as “the Father of American Poetry.” His first collection of poems, entitled The American Village was published in 1772. When the independence Revolution broke out, Freneau took great advantage of his poetic inspiration to devote all his patriotic talents to the revolutionary cause. Born on January 12, 1752 in New York City, Freneau was brought to New Jersey at 10 by his father, a ship builder and plantation owner. When he was studying law at the College of New Jersey(later Princeton University), he became a roommate of James Madison, later the fourth president of the United States, and his career as a poet also began during this period. As a result, a lot of poems were written for exposing the brutality of British colonialism and for encouraging the revolution. (《美国诗歌研究》p. 12) Which will be the correct logical order of the sentences in Passage One?

A、2, 1, 3, 4

B、1, 3, 2, 4

C、2, 3, 1, 4

D、4, 3, 2, 1

Unfortunately, after completing the second volume, Manchester ’s health declined and the rest of the project stalled. So great was public interest in the long-delayed final volume that it was the subject of a front page story in The New York Times.

Eventually, in 2003, Manchester asked his friend Paul Reid to complete the trilogy. Now, nearly a decade later, Reid has published The Last Lion, the final piece of this monumental undertaking. Reid starts when Churchill was appointed prime minister in May 1940 and follows him through his death in While most of this volume is appropriately devoted to World War II, it also includes the vast expansion of the British welfare state following the war, the start of the Cold War and the enormous dangers it carried, and the loss of the British Empire.

Reid has written a thorough and complete analysis of these years, and it is a worthy finale to the first two volumes. Exhaustively researched and carefully written, it draws on a full range of primary and secondary materials. This book will be essential reading for those who enjoyed the first two volumes and those with a deep interest in understanding this seminal figure and his place in history.

Reid does a wonderful job of capturing Churchill in all his complexity. He gives Churchill great praise for his personal courage and inspirational leadership during the dark days whenBritain stood alone, but he is equally clear about Churchill ’s poor strategic judgments, such as the efforts to defend Greece andCrete, the Allied assault on Anzio, and the decision to send the battleshipPrince of Walesand battle cruiser Repulse to theSouth China Seawithout adequate air cover where they were promptly sunk by the Japanese.

He highlights Churchill ’s naivet é in dealing with Soviet Premier Stalin in the early years of the war, but praises his prescience in anticipating Stalin ’s land grab in Eastern Europeat the end of the conflict. Reid also gives welcome attention to aspects of the war ― such as Churchill ’s fear that the United Statesmight decide to put its primary emphasis on defeating Japan regardless of the “Germany first ” understanding he shared with Roosevelt that have received little attention in other books.

What can be known about the two biographies of Churchill？

A.They were written in an interesting style.

B.They were written prior to Churchill ’s death.

C.They are mainly written from a historical point of view.

D.They have helped intrigue the readers over a long period.

Why did the biography once become a front page story in The New York Times？A.People were looking forward to the publication of the final volume.

B.Readers were angry with the author for the delay of the final volume.

C.The publication of the final volume was then a heatedly discussed issue.

D.Readers wanted to know who would be the new author of the final volume.

Why does the third volume prove to be worthy？A.It is widely read and welcomed by readers.

B.It involves enough details in Churchill ’s life.

C.It is based on thorough and reliable research.

D.It offers a unique understanding of Churchill.

What can we know about Churchill through the third volume？A.He is a man with complexity.

B.He pulled Britain through WWII.

C.He made many strategic mistakes.

D.He is courageous and inspirational.

A、堆一定是满二叉树。A heap must be a full binary tree.

B、最小堆中，最下面一层最靠右的结点一定是权值最大的结点。In a minimum heap, the rightest node on the nethermost layer must be the node with the largest value.

C、堆是实现优先队列的惟一方法。A heap is the only method to implement a priority queue.

D、堆一定是完全二叉树。A heap must be a complete binary tree.

E、最小堆中，某个结点左子树中最大的结点可能比右子树中最小的结点小。In a minimum heap, the largest value on some node's left child tree could be possibly smaller than the smallest value of its right child tree.

F、使用筛选法建堆要比将元素一个一个插入堆来建堆效率高。Screening method has a higher efficiency than inserting elements one by one while constructing a heap.

As President of the Clifton Business Club, I would like to invite you to speak at our annual dinner on 5 July. The dinner which starts at 7. 30 p.m. will be held at the Mayflower Restaurant, Clifton.

I hope that you are able to accept the invitation and would be grateful if you could give me the subject of your talk, so that I can include it on the invitations to our members.

I look forward to receiving your reply as soon as possible.

？Write a letter to Mr Biggs:

？accepting the invitation

？telling him the subject of your talk

？asking how long the talk should be

？enquiring whether accommodation will be arranged for you.

？Write 60-80 words

？Do not include any postal addresses.

??MERRYBEST INTERNATIONAL CO.

??F1.4, No.141, Sec.4, Hsin-Yi Road , Taipei, Taiwan China

??Tel: 886-2-27051608 Fax: 886-2-27056741

??E-mail Address: merrbest@ msa. hinet. Net

????????????????Date : July 15, 2008

To: BATA Crane Ltd.

P.O.Box 9370, Daytona Beach

FL 32150 , U.S.A.

Our Ref.No.MB-012

Attn：Export Manager

Subject: Inquiry, for Water Hammer Arresters

Dear Sirs,

??As the leading manufacturer of Valve & Piping Accessories here in Taiwan China, we are looking for the Water Hammer Arresters now. From the Name List of U.S.Suppliers, we know you are the manufacturer of these products and hope that you can mail your relevant catalogs or brochure to us soon.

??Besides, please kindly make your best quotation according to our enclosed drawing and send it to us by fax for our evaluation as soon as you can.

??Many thanks for your attention to the above and look forward to starting the business cooperation with you in the near future.

Very truly yours,

?Merrybest Int'l Co.

Jane Jiang

V. President

??Encl.: Drawing No.MB050

??信头Letter Head：______

??日期Date______

??封内地址Inside Address______

??称呼Salutation______

??正文Body______

??结尾敬语Complimentary Close______

??签名Signature______

??事由Subject______

??附件Enclosure______

??参考号Ref. No.______

??经办人Attention Line______

A. A与B互不相容

B. A与B相互独立

C. A与B相互对立

D. P（A-B.=PA.