4. Cambridge When we first come across Cambridge i...

We can infer from the experience of Michell that

A．he has shown the gifts as an actor when he was a child.

B．he was a drama major at Cambridge and produced many works there.

C．he still made great achievements when reverting to TV career.

D．he had worked as a resident director for more than twenty years.

Cambridge -- the University Town

1. When we say that Cambridge is a university town we do not mean just that there is a university in it. Manchester and Milan have universities, but we do not call them university towns. A university town is one where there is no clear separation between the university buildings and the rest of the city. The university is not just one part of the town; it is all over the town. The heart of Cambridge has its shops, market place and so on, but most of it is university--colleges, faculties, libraries, clubs and other places for university staff and students. Students fill the shops, cafes, banks and churches, making these as well part of the university.

2. The town was there first. Two Roman roads crossed there, and there are signs of buildings before Roman times. Trouble in Oxford in 1209 caused some students and their teachers to move. Cambridge became a center of learning, and the authority of the head of the university, the chancellor, was recognized by the king in 1226.

3. At that time many of the students were very young (about fifteen) and many of the teachers were not more than twenty-one. At first they found lodgings where they could．Colleges were opened so that students could live cheaply. This was the beginning of the college system Which has continued at Cambridge up to the present day.

4. The colleges were built with money from-kings, queens, religious houses or other sources. Today there are nearly thirty colleges. The newest are University College, founded in 1965, and Clare Hall. founded in 1966, both for graduates. Very few students can now live in college for the whole of their course; the numbers are too great. Many of them live in lodgings at first, and move into college for their final year. But every student is a member of his college from the beginning. While he is in "digs" he must eat a number of meals in the college hall each week. His social and sports life centers on the college, although he will also join various university societies and clubs.

5. With about 8,250 undergraduates and over 2,000 postgraduates, the city is a busy place in "full term". Undergraduates are not allowed to keep cars in Cambridge, so nearly all of them use bicycles. Don't try to drive through Cambridge during the five minutes between lectures. The students' bicycles are hurrying in all directions. If you are in Cambridge at five minutes to the hour any morning of full term, you know that you are in a university town.

第 23 题 Paragraph 2__________

A．The present situation of colleges

B．The busy scene of the university town in full term

C．Cambridge's emergence as university town

D．The colorful campus life of Cambridge students

E．Cars are forbidden in Cambridge.

F．The origin of college system

iversity in it. A university town is one where there is no clear separation between the university buildings and the rest of the city. The university is not just one part of the town; it is all over the town. The heart of Cambridge has its shops, restaurants, market place and so on, but most of it is university—colleges, libraries, clubs and other places for university staff and students.

The town was there first. Cambridge became a center of learning in the thirteenth century. Many students were too poor to afford lodgings. Colleges were opened so that students could live cheaply. This was the beginning of the present day college system.

Today there are nearly thirty colleges. Very few students can now live in college for the whole of their course; the numbers are too great. Many of them live in lodgings at first and move into college for their final year. But every student is a member of his college from the beginning. He must eat a number of meals in the college hall each week.

Students are not allowed to keep cars in Cambridge, so nearly all of them use bicycles. Don't try to drive through Cambridge during the five minutes between lectures, as you will find crowds of people on bicycles hurrying in all directions. If you are in Cambridge at five minutes to the hour any morning of the term, you' 11 know that you are in a university town. Stop in some safe place, and wait.

Cambridge can be described as a university town because______.

A．the university building fit in well with the rest of the town

B．the size of Cambridge is just as big as the town

C．the separating line between the university and the town is not obvious

D．the university is located in the town

ve been so well placed to fill the inexplicable mental space between cradle and crematorium. So I suspect that books will be pushed more and more into those moments of travel or difficult defecation (1)_____ people still don't quite know what to do with.

When people do read, I think they'll want to feel they are reading literature, or (2)_____ something serious. (3)_____ you're going to find fewer books presenting themselves as no-nonsense and (4)_____ assuming literary pretensions and being packaged as works of art. We can expect an extraordinary variety of genre, but with an underlying (5)_____ of sentiment and vision.

Translators can only (6)_____ from this desire for the presumably sophisticated. We can look forward to lots of difficult names and fantastic stories of foreign parts enthusiastically (7)_____ by the overall worship of the "global village". Much of this will be awful and some wonderful, (8)_____ don't expect the press or the organizers of prizes to offer you much help in making the appropriate distinctions. They will be chiefly (9)_____ in creating celebrity, the greatest enemy of discrimination, but a good prop for the (10)_____ consumer.

Every ethnic grouping over the world will have to be seen to have a great writer—a phenomenon that will (11)_____ a new kind of provincialism, more chronological than geographic, (12)_____ only the strictly contemporary is talked about and (13)_____ Universities, including Cambridge, will include (14)_____ their literature syllabus novels, written only last year. (15)_____ occasional exhumation for the Nobel, the achievements of ten or only five years ago will be largely forgotten.

In short, you can't go too far wrong when predicting more of the same. But there is a (16)_____ side to this—the inevitable reaction against it. The practical things I would like to see happen—publishers seeking less to (17)_____ celebrity through extravagant advertising, (18)_____ and magazines (19)_____ space to reflective pieces—are rather more improbable than the Second Coming(耶稣复临). But dullness never quite darkens the whole planet. In their own idiosyncratic fashion a few writers will (20)_____ be looking for new departures.

A．when

B．that

C．which

D．where

now much about it. Could I ask you some questions？

M: My pleasure.

W: What is Cambridge Business English Certificate？

M: It is a new Business English examination. There are three certificates at three different levels. Each examination tests Reading, Writing, Listening and Speaking skills (19) .

W: When can we take the Cambridge English Certificate exams？

M: All three exams start in February and are available six times a year, that is about every 9 weeks.

W: Then where can we take the exams？

M: At any examination center approved by the University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (剑桥大学考试委员会)

W: OK. Now how much business knowledge do we need for the exam？

M: Well, the exam tests knowledge of general business English (20) . Special knowledge of particular jobs and industries is not required. The examination is also suitable for people with no working experience

W: How is our English tested？

M: The examination has three parts. The first part is the Reading and Writing Test which lasts 70 minutes. Paper Two is a Listening Test which lasts 40 minutes. Finally there is a 10-minute interview with another examinee and two examiners which tests your spoken English.

W: What mark do we need to pass the examination？

M: Exact pass marks vary from exam to exam and year to year. However, anyone with a mark over 70% will pass (21) .

W: That's all. Thanks a lot for your help.

(23)

A．A new English Language examination testing four different skills.

B．An examination testing Reading, Writing, Listening and Speaking.

C．A new Business English examination having three certificates at three different levels.

D．A new Business English examination testing certain business knowledge and skills.

. There is this internalized fear that if we are really powerful, we are going to be considered heartless or unpleasantly aggressive or forceful. We are still working at trying to overcome the fear that power and womanliness are mutually exclusive.

In my case, I think I may have had an easier time dealing with this fear because my first taste of leadership came in a situation in which I was a blissfully (幸福地) ignorant outsider. It was in college, when I became president of the Cambridge Union debating society. Since I had grown up in Greece, I had never heard of the Cambridge Union or the Oxford Union and didn't know about their place in English culture, so I wasn't weighed down with the kinds of overwhelming notions that may have stopped British girls from even thinking about trying for such a position.

The same thing happened when my first book, The Female Woman, came out. I was 23 and my U.S. publisher, Random House, flew me from London to New York. They handed me my schedule, and my first interview was with Barbara Waiters on the Today show. This didn't confuse and shock me since I had no idea who Barbara Waiters was, and had never heard of the Today show. So I was less nervous than if I had been on a local show in A-thens that my family and classmates could have watched.

In this way, it was a blessing that I started my career outside my home environment. It had its own problems in that I was laughed at for my accent and was demeaned (贬低) as someone who spoke in a funny way. But it also taught me that it is easier to overcome people's judgments than to overcome our own serf-judgment, the fear we internalize.

Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn said, "If you want to change the world, who do you begin with, yourself or others？" I believe if we begin with ourselves and do the things that we need to do and become the best person we can be, we have a much better chance of changing the world for the better.

According to the first paragraph, women leaders fear that they may be regarded as ______.

A．inconsiderate

B．lacking in womanliness

C．incompetent

D．lacking in leadership

cientists think that when this brain area is overactive, the heart rules our head and we cant help but【C1】______our losses. The Cambridge University researchers said: "Future treatments for gambling addiction could seek to reduce this overactivity, either by drugs or psychological techniques." The researchers made the【C2】______after asking people with various brain injuries and healthy people play slot machine and roulette (a gambling game). A near miss on the slot machines made the players,【C3】______those with the damaged insulas, extra-keen to try their luck again.【C4】______, all of the players, apart from those with faulty insulas, made a【C5】______mistake when playing roulette. Dr Luke Clark from the University of Cambridge, who led the research, explained that during gambling games, people often【C6】______their chances of winning【C7】______a number of errors of thinking called【C8】______distortions. For example, near-misses seem to encourage further play,【C9】______they are no different from any other loss. In a【C10】______sequence like tossing a coin, a【C11】______of one event (heads) makes people think the other【C12】______(tails) is due next; this is known as the gamblers fallacy. There is increasing【C13】______that problem gamblers are particularly prone to these erroneous beliefs. By studying these people, the researchers found that all of them—【C14】______the exception of the patients with insula damage—reported a【C15】______motivation to play following near-misses in the slot machine game, and also fell【C16】______to the gamblers fallacy in the roulette game. The finding, which is published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, suggests that the insula, which is【C17】______in gut feelings and decision-making, is key to the psychology of gambling. "Based on these results, we【C18】______that the insula could be overactive in problem gamblers, making them more【C19】______to these errors of thinking," said Dr Clarke. "Future treatments for gambling addiction could seek to reduce this overactivity, either by drugs or by psychological techniques like mindfulness【C20】______."

【C1】

A．stop

B．regret

C．chase

D．figure

animal world than we realize. It is said that we share 40 percent of our genetic (遗传的) structure with the simple worm.

But that fact has helped Sir John Sulston win the 2002 Nobel Prize for Medicine. Sir John is the founder of the Sanger Institute in Cambridge, which was set up in 1992 to get further understanding of the human genome (染色体组).

To help them do this, they turned to the worm. The nematode (线虫类的) worm is one of the earliest creatures on planet earth. It is less than one millimeter long, completely transparent and spends its entire life digging holes through sand. But it still has lots to say about human life, and

what can be done to make it better.

What the worm told Sir John and his colleagues was that each of cells in the human body is programmed like a computer. They grow, develop and die according to a set of instructions that are coded in our genetic make-up.

Many of the diseases that humans suffer from happen when these instructions go wrong or are not obeyed. When the cell refuses to die but carries on growing instead, this leads to cancer. Heart attacks and diseases hke AIDS cause more cell deaths than normal, increasing the damage they do to the body. Sir John was the first scientist to prove the existence of programmed cell death.

Sir John Sulston got a Nobel Prize for Medicine because he has ______.

A．found that human beings are similar to the worm

B．got the fact we share 40 percent of our genetic structure with the simple worm

C．found the computer which controls each of the cells in the human body

D．proved that cell death is programmed

Computers Concern You

When Charles Babbage, a professor of mathematics at Cambridge University, invented the first calculating machine in 1812 he could hardly have imagined the situation we find ourselves in today. Nearly everything we do in the modern world is helped, or even controlled, by computers, the complicated descendants of his simple machine. Computers are being used more and more extensively in the world today, for the simple reason that they are far more efficient than human beings. They have much better memories and can store huge amounts of information, and they can do calculations in a fraction of the time taken by a human mathematician. No man alive can do 500,000 sums in one second, but an advanced computer can. In fact, computers can do many of the things we do, but faster and better. They can pay wages, reserve seats on planes, control machines in factories, work out tomorrow's weather, and even play chess, write poetry, or compose music. Let's look now at some of the ways in which computers concern people in their daily lives and work.

Computers and our Cash

Mr. Woods, a bank manager, discussed some of the ways in which computers control our cash. "I think most of our customers realize that in modern banking we make extensive use of computers. They see that the codes on their cheques are printed in a special way so that they can be read by a computer-computers only seem to like rather square figures. And when they call in at the bank to find out the balance of their accounts, the clerk no longer shows them a big book with band-written entries. Instead he goes and gets a print-out from the computer which records all the details of cash or cheques paid into or drawn out of customers' accounts. The day may soon come when we no longer need to carry cash around with us, or even a cheque book. The computer where we work will tell our bank computer how much our salary or wages are—and the government computer how much tax we should pay! Then when we go shopping we will just show a special card at the check-out point. The code on the card will be fed into the shop computer, which will check with the bank computer that there is enough money in our account to pay for the goods we want, and that the card has not been stolen. If all is well, the codes from the different items will be fed into the computer and the sum owing will be drawn from our account, but only 'on computer'. No money will ever change hands. Computerized shopping, like computerized banking, will be quick, safe and convenient."

Computers and our Health

Nurse Penny Atkins works in a large, modern hospital.

"We use computers a lot in medicine nowadays. For instance, at the hospital where I work we make patients' appointments through a computer, which saves a lot of time. So does keeping patients' records on a computer. It also saves space because you can get so much more information on to a piece of computer tape than a piece of paper. Another advantage is that anyone who wants information on a patient can get it quickly, or even at the same time as someone else.

You just dial the computer. In the past a doctor might take a patient's records away to his room and keep them for weeks, which could make things difficult for the rest of us! Actually, computers can often do a doctor's work better than a human being can. Computers don't suffer from lack of sleep, so they don't miss important points. And because they never forget anything they've ever been told they're often better at working out what's wrong with a patient, or the best treatment to give him. Some people even think we should all have regular computer checks on our health and then we would ha able to cure most diseases in the early stages. We'd all spend less time in hospital, so the future would be better for us overworked nurses!"

Computers Catch Criminals

Chief Inspector Harston talked about ways

A．Y

B．N

C．NG

A、Harvard University

B、Stanford University

C、Cambridge University

D、Oxford University