All the infants died before the first year. But clearly there was more than lack of language here. What was missing was good mothering. Without good mothering, in the first year of life especially, the capacity to survive is seriously affected.
Today no such severe lack exists as that ordered by Frederick. Nevertheless, some children are still backward in speaking. Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive to, the signals of the infant, whose brain is programmed to learn language rapidly. If these sensitive periods are neglected, the ideal time for acquiring skills passes and they might never be learned so easily again. A bird learns to sing and to fly rapidly at the right time, but the process is slow and hard once the critical stage has passed.
Experts suggest that speech stages are reached in a fixed sequence and at a constant age, but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually turns out to be of high IQ. At twelve weeks a baby smiles and makes vowel-like sounds; at twelve months he can speak simple words and understand simple commands; at eighteen months he has a vocabulary of three to fifty words. At three he knows about 1,000 words which he can put into sentences, and at four he knows his language differs from that of his parents in style. rather than grammar.
Recent evidence suggests that an infant is born with the capacity of speaking. What is special about man's brain, compared with that of the monkey, is the Complex system which enables a child to connect the sight and feel of, say, a toy-bear with the sound pattern "toy-bear". And even more incredible is young brain's ability to pick out an order in language from the mixture of sound around him, to analyze, to combine and recombine the parts of a language in new ways.
But speech has to be induced, and this depends on interaction between the mother and the child, where the mother recognizes the signals in the child's babbling, grasping and smiling, and responds to them. Insensitivity of the mother to these signals dulls the interaction because the child gets discouraged and sends out only the obvious signals. Sensitivity to the child's nonverbal signals is essential to the growth and development of language.
According to the passage, Frederick Ⅱ carried on the experiments to ______.
A.prove that children are born with the ability to speak
B.find out what role careful nursing would play in teaching a child to speak
C.discover what language a child would speak without hearing any human Speech
D.prove that child would be damaged without learning language
第1题
在黏膜表面黏附时,可产生分解SIgA 蛋白酶的细菌是
A.葡萄球菌
B.链球菌
C.肺炎链球菌
D.脑膜炎奈瑟菌
E.淋病奈瑟菌
第2题
在黏膜表面黏附时,可产生分解SIgA蛋白酶的细菌是
A.葡萄球菌
B.链球菌
C.脑膜炎奈瑟菌
D.肺炎链球菌
E.淋病奈瑟菌
第3题
在黏膜表面黏附时可产生分解SIgA的蛋白酶的是
A. 葡萄球菌
B. 链球菌
C. 肺炎链球菌
D. 脑膜炎奈瑟氏菌
E. 淋病奈瑟氏菌(淋球菌)
第5题
在黏膜表面黏附时可产生IgA蛋白酶的细菌是
A.溶血性链球菌
B.肺炎链球菌
C.金黄色葡萄球菌
D.淋病奈瑟菌
E.脑膜炎奈瑟菌
第6题
在黏膜表面黏附时可产生IgA1蛋白酶的细菌是
A.金黄色葡萄球菌
B.A群链球菌
C.肺炎链球菌
D.脑膜炎奈瑟菌
E.淋病奈瑟菌
第7题
在黏膜表面黏附时可产生IgA蛋白酶的细菌是
A. A群链球菌
B. 肺炎链球菌
C. 金黄色葡萄球菌
D. 淋病奈瑟菌
E. 脑膜炎奈瑟菌
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