Egypt Felled by Famine
Even ancient Egypt's mighty pyramid builders were powerless in the face of the famine that helped bring down their civilisation around 2180 BC. Now evidence gleaned from mud deposited by the River Nile suggests that a shift in climate thousands of kilometres to the south was ultimately to blame -- and the same or worse could happen today.
The ancient Egyptians depended on the Nile's annual floods to irrigate their crops. But any change in climate that pushed the African monsoons southwards out of Ethiopia would have diminished these floods.
Dwindling rains in the Ethiopian highlands would have meant fewer plants to stablise the soil. When rain did fall it would have washed large amounts of soil into the Blue Nile and into Egypt, along with sediment from the White Nile4.
The Blue Nile mud has a different isotope signature from that of the White Nile. So by analysing isotope differences in mud deposited in the Nile Delta, Michael Krom of Leeds University worked out what proportion of sediment came from each branch of the river.
Krom reasons that during periods of drought, the amount of the Blue Nile mud in the river' would be relatively high. He found that one of these periods, from 4,500 to 4,200 years ago, immediately predates the fall of the Egypt's Old Kingdom.
The weakened waters would have been catastrophic for the Egyptians. "Changes that affect food supply don't have to be very large to have a ripple effect in societies," says Bill Ryan of the Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory in New York.
Similar events today could be even more devastating, says team member Daniel Stanley, a geoarchaeologist from the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C. "Anything humans do to shift the climate belts would have an even worse effect along the Nile system today because the populations have increased dramatically."
Why does the author mention "pyramid builders"?
A.Because they once worked miracles.
B.Because they were well-built.
C.Because they were actually very weak.
D.Because even they were unable to rescue their civilisation.
第1题
下列项目中征收营业税的是()。
A.公园取得的门票收入
B.个人取得工资薪金
C.医院提供的医疗服务收入
D.残疾人员个人提供的劳务
第2题
下列项目中征收营业税的是()。
A.公园取得的门票收入
B.个人转让著作权的收入
C.医院提供的医疗服务收入
D.科研单位转让专利使用权取得的收入
第3题
下列项目中征收营业税的是()。
A.公园取得的门票收入
B.科研单位转让专利使用权取得的收入
C.个人转让著作权的收人
D.医院提供的医疗服务收入
第9题
下列项目中不属于免征营业税的是()。
A.学生勤工俭学提供劳务取得的收入
B.科研单位取得的技术培训收入
C.医院收取的医疗收入
D.托儿所收取的托儿费收入
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