The passage mainly discussesA．how lifetime employment works in Japan.B．what benefits lifet

The Japanese worker is fond of his company's products because of

A．his marriage with the daughter of the president.

B．the close link between him and his company.

C．his willingness to work overtime.

D．his active participation in quality control.

Lifetime employment influences one's

A．achievements at work.

B．performance at work.

C．career options.

D．attitude toward work.

Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?

A．Family and company interests are equally important.

B．The Japanese worker is very loyal to his company.

C．One's future is guaranteed through hard work.

D．Devotion to one's company is encouraged.

Lifetime Employment In Japanese Companies

In most large Japanese companies, there is a policy of lifetime employment. What this means is that when people leave school or university to join an enterprise, they can expect to remain with that organization until they retire. In effect, the employee gets job security for life, and can only be fired for serious mistakes in work. Even in times of business recession, he or she is free from the fear of being laid off.

One result of this practice is that the Japanese worker identifies closely with his company and feels strong loyalty to it. By working hard for the company, he believes he is safeguarding his own future. It is not surprising that devotion to one's company is considered a great virtue in Japan. A man is often prepared to put his firm's interests before those of his immediate family.

The job security guaranteed by this system influences the way employees approach their work. They tend to think in terms of what they can achieve throughout their career. This is because they are not judged on how they are performing during a short period of time, They can afford to take a longer perspective than their Western counterparts.

This marriage between the employee and the company-the consequence of lifetime employment-may explain why Japanese workers seem positively to love the products their company is producing and why they are willing to stay on after work, for little overtime pay, to participate in earnest discussions about the quality control of their products.

Lifetime employment in the Japanese company means that the employee

A．leaves his company only when business is bad.

B．gets a job soon after he leaves school or university.

C．can work there throughout his career.

D．can have his serious mistakes in work corrected.

According to the passage, what will scientists most probably do in the future?

A．They will work hard to reduce ocean noise pollution.

B．They will protect animals from harmful noises.

C．They will try to set a limit of 120 decibels.

D．They will study the effect of ocean noise pollution.

Which of the following is true of whales?

A．They won't be confused by noises.

B．They are deaf to noises.

C．Their ability to reproduce will be lowered by high-level noises.

D．Their hearing will be damaged by high-level noises.

Which of the following is discussed in the third paragraph?

A．The same noise level produces a different effect on land and in the ocean.

B．Different places may have different types of noises.

C．The decibel is not a suitable unit for measuring underwater noise.

D．Different ocean animals may have different reactions to noises.

According to the passage, natural sounds include all of the following EXCEPT

A．sounds made by animals themselves.

B．ocean drilling.

C．underwater earthquakes.

D．the breaking of ice fields.

Ocean Noise Pollution

Some scientists say that animals in the ocean are increasingly threatened by noise pollution caused by human beings.

The noise that affects sea creatures comes from a number of human activities. It is caused mainly by industrial underwater explosions, ocean drilling, and ship engines. Such noises are added to natural sounds. These sounds include the breaking of ice fields, underwater earthquakes, and sounds made by animals themselves.

Decibels (分贝) measured in water are different from those measured on land. A noise of one hundred-twenty decibels on land causes pain to human ears. in water, a decibel level of one-hundred ninety-five would have the same effect.

Some scientists have proposed setting a noise limit of one-hundred-twenty decibels in oceans. They have observed that noises at that level can frighten and confuse whales (鲸鱼).

A team of American and Canadian scientists discovered that louder noises-can seriously injure some animals; The research team found that powerful underwater explosions were causing Whales in the area to lose their hearing. This seriously affected the whales' ability to exchange information and find their way. Some of the whales even died. The explosions had caused their ears to bleed (出血) and become infected (感染).

Many researchers whose work depends on ocean sounds object to a limit of one-hundred-twenty decibels. They say such a limit is a greater danger than they believed. They want to prevent noises from harming creatures in the ocean.

According to the passage, which of the following is increasingly dangerous to sea creatures?

A．The sound of a car.

B．The sound of voices.

C．Man-made noise pollution.

D．The sound of steps.

Some industrialized countries are unwilling to spend money in reducing pollution.

A．Right

B．Wrong

C．Not mentioned