International Conference for Science and Technology Indicators is held biennially from 1988.

We know from the passage that transformation resulting from science and technology ______.

A．has brought about many social and economic problems

B．has brought about many unsolvable social and economic problems

C．has brought about technological problems in the economic society

D．has brought about many social and economic problems for us to solve

In general，the application of science and technology in all fields is certain to speed up social development.

A)一般的科学家为了在社会上发展，都想尽快地申请科研项目。

B)总的说来，科学技术在各个领域的应用必将加速社会的发展。

C)大体上，对科学技术的应用都会使社会各个领域加速发展。

D)总之，科学家对科研项目的申请都是为了促进社会的发展。

E)总的说来，应用各个领域的科学技术都必将加速社会的发展。

Without the rapid development of science and technology, it is impossible for us to achieve modernization.

A．因为我们没有快速发展的科学技术，所以我们不可能实现现代化。

B．现代取得的这么多成就是不可能不依赖科技的迅速发展的。

C．没有科学技术的迅猛发展，实现四个现代化是不可能的。

D．要实现科学技术的迅速发展，对我们来说是不可能的。

Discoveries in science and technology are thought by "untaught minds" to come in blinding flashes or as the result of dramatic accidents. Sir Alexander Fleming did not, as legend would have it, look at the mold(霉)on a piece of cheese and get the idea for penicillin there and then. He experimented with antibacterial substances for nine years before he made his discovery. Inventions and innovations almost always come out of laborious trial and error. Innovation is like soccer; even the best players miss the goal and have their shots blocked much more frequently than they score. The point is that the players who score most are the ones who take the most shots at the goal and so it goes with innovation in any field of activity. The prime difference between innovators and others is one of approach. Everybody gets ideas, but innovators work consciously on theirs and they follow them through until they prove practicable or otherwise. What ordinary people see as fanciful abstractions, professional innovators see as solid possibilities. "Creative thinking may mean simply the realization that theres no particular virtue in doing things the way they have always been done. " wrote Rudolph Flesch, a language authority. This accounts for our reaction to seemingly simple innovations like plastic garbage bags and suitcases on wheels that make life more convenient; "How come nobody thought of that before?" The creative approach begins with the proposition that nothing is as it appears. Innovators will not accept that there is only one way to do anything. Faced with getting from A to B, the average person will automatically set out on the best-known and apparently simplest route. The innovator will search for alternate courses, which may prove easier in the long run and are bound to be more interesting and challenging even if they lead to dead ends. Highly creative individuals really do march to a different drummer. Questions:

What does the author probably mean by "untaught mind" in the first paragraph?

A．A person ignorant of the hard work involved in experimentation.

B．A citizen of a society that restricts personal creativity.

C．A person who has had no education.

D．An individual who often comes up with new ideas by accident.