5. （) We may put personal requirements in the hand bag for scanning.

We can infer from the passage that we may cure addiction by [A] scanning of brain as often as possible. [B] consciously practicing cognitive skills. [C] going through intensive rehabilitation programs. [D] making the neurotransmitter less sensitive.

The purpose in scanning(快读), as you know, is to search for specific information quickly. Thus, a high rate of speed is essential. Once you have located the proper part of the material, you should try to learn the information in the least amount of time. You are supposed not to be distracted by words or ideas unrelated to the purpose of scanning.

Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)

Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.

The Future of Television: What's on Next?

Bosses in the television industry have been keeping a nervous eye on two Scandinavians with a reputation for causing trouble. In recent years Niklas Zennstrom, a Swede, find Janus Friis, a Dane, have frightened the music industry by inventing KaZaA, a "peer-to-peer" (P2P) file-sharing program that was widely used to download music without paying for it. Then they horrified the mighty telecoms industry by inventing Skype, another P2P program, which lets Internet users make free telephone calls between computers, and very cheap calls to ordinary phones. Their next move was to found yet another start-up -- this time ,one that threatened to devastate(毁坏) the television industry.

It may do the opposite, as it turns out. The new service, called Joost and now in advanced testing, is based on P2P software that runs on people's computers, just like Skype and KaZaA. And it does indeed promise to transform. the experience of watching television by combining what people like about old-fashioned TV with the exciting possibilities of the Internet. "But unlike KaZaA and Skype," says Fredrik de Wahl, a Swede whom Mr. Zennstrom and Friis have hired as Joost's boss," Joost does not disrupt the industry that it is entering. Instead, rather than undercutting television networks and producers, Joost might, as it were, give them new juice. "

That is because Mr. de Wahl and his Joost team, working mostly in the Netherlands, have bravely ignored the totems (图腾) of the Internet-video boom. Chief among these fashions is letting users upload anything they want to a video service -- which might include clips of themselves doing odd things (" user-generated content") or, more questionably, videos pirated from other sources. The celebrated example of this approach is You Tube, which is now part of Google, the leader in Internet search. Its big problem, however, is that it can be illegal (if copyright is violated) and terribly hard to turn into a business.

On February 2nd Viacom, an American media giant, became the latest company to demand that YouTube remove copyright-infringing (侵犯版权的) clips from its website. YouTube has struck deals with some media firms, including NBC and CBS, to allow their material to appear on its site, and had been trying to thrash out a similar agreement with Viacom. Many observers regard Viacom's move as a negotiating tactic. But whether YouTube can make money is unclear. Last month Chad Hurley, YouTube's chief executive, sketched out plans for generating advertising revenues and sharing them with content providers, but so far his firm has none to speak of.

The Innovation of Joost

Joost is also ignoring the two business models seen as the most respectable alternatives to advertising. One is to make users pay for each television show or film they download, but then to let them keep it. This is the tack chosen by Apple, an electronics firm that sells videos on iTunes, its popular online store; by Amazon, the largest online retailer; and by Wal-Mart, the largest traditional retailer, which launched a video-download service this week. The other approach is to let users subscribe to what is, in effect, an all-you-can-eat buffet of videos, and then to" stream" video to their computers without leaving a permanent copy. This is the approach taken by, for instance, Netflix, a Californian firm that mostly delivers DVDs to its subscribers by post, but now als

A．the telecoms industry

B．the music and telecoms industry

C．the telecoms and television industry

D．the music, telecoms and television industry

There are more than forty universities in Britain--nearly twice as many as in 1960. During the 1960s eight【67】new ones were founded, and ten other new ones were created by【68】old colleges of technology into universities. In the same period the number of students【69】doubled, from 70000 to over 200000. By 1973 about 10% of men aged from eighteen to twenty-one were n universities and about 5% of women. All the universities are【70】institutions. Each has its own governing councils,【71】some local businessmen and local politicians as【72】as a few academics (大学教师). The state began to【73】grants to them fifty years ago, and by 1970 eachuniversity【74】nearly all its【75】from state grants. Students have to pay【76】and living costs, but every student may receive from the local authority of the place where he lives a personal【77】which is enough to pay his full costs, including lodging and food【78】his parents can well【79】them. Most students take jobs in the summer for about six weeks,【80】they do not normally do outside work【81】the academic year. The Department of Education takes【82】for the payment which covers the whole expenditure of the university, but it does not【83】direct control. It canhave an important【84】on new developments through its power to【85】funds, but it takes the advice of the University Grants Committee, a body which is mainly【86】of academics.

(68)

A．properly

B．completely

C．roughly

D．approximately

Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)

Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.

On Friendship

Few Americans stay put (固定不动的) for a lifetime. We move from town to city to suburb, from high school to college in different states, from a job in one region to a better job elsewhere, from the home where we raise our children to the home where we plan to live in retirement. With each move we are forever making new friends, who become part of our new life at that time.

For many of us the summer is a special time for forming new friendships. Today millions of Americans vacation abroad and they go not only to see new sights but also—in those places where they do not feel too strange—with the hope of meeting new people. No one really expects a vacation trip to produce a close friend. But surely the beginning of a friendship is possible? Surely in every country people value friendship?

They do. The difficulty when strangers from two countries meet is not a lack of appreciation of friendship, but different expectations about what constitutes friendship and how it comes into being. In those European countries that Americans are most likely to visit, friendship is quite sharply distinguished from other, more casual relations, and is differently related to family life. For a Frenchman, a German or an Englishman friendship is usually more particularized and carries a heavier burden of commitment.

But as we use the word, "friend" can be applied to a wide range of relationships to someone one has known for a few weeks in a new place, to a close business associate, to a childhood playmate, to a man or woman, to a trusted confidant (心腹朋友). There are real differences among these relations for Americans a friendship may be superficial, casual, situational or deep and enduring. But to a European, who sees only our surface behavior, the differences are not clear.

As they see it, people known and accepted temporarily, casually, flow in and out of Americans' homes with little ceremony and often with little personal commitment. They may be parents of the children's friends, house guests of neighbors, members of a committee, business associates from another town or even another country. Coming as a guest into an American home, the European visitor finds no visible landmarks. The atmosphere is relaxed. Most people, old and young, are called by first names.

French friendship

Who, then, is a friend? Even simple translation from one language to another is difficult, "You see," a Frenchman explains, "if I were to say to you in France, 'This is my good friend,' that person would not be as close to me as someone about whom I said only 'This is my friend. ' Anyone about whom I have to say more is really less.

In France, as in many European countries, friends generally are of the same sex, and friendship is seen as basically a relationship between men. Frenchwomen laugh at the idea that "women can't be friends," but they also admit sometimes that for women "It's a different thing." And many French people doubt the possibility of a friendship between a man and a woman. There is also the kind of relationship within a group—men and women who have worked together for a long time, who may be very close, sharing great loyalty and warmth of feeling. They may call one another—copains—a word that in English becomes "friends" but has more the feeling of "pals" or "buddies". In French eyes this is not friendship, although two members of such a group may well be friends.

&n

A．It makes Americans cherish friendship very much.

B．It makes Americans change friends from time to time.

C．It makes Americans emotionally independent of each other.

D．It makes Americans care more about family than friends.

Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)

Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.

For questions 1-4, mark

Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;

N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;

NG (for NOT GIVRN) if the information is not given in the passage.

For questions 5-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.

Unity and Diversity

Many physicists are engaged in the search for a "theory of everything". Biologists, smugly, think they have found one already. Organisms that survive long enough to reproduce and are attractive enough to find a mate pass their genes on to the next generation. Those that do not are evolutionary cul-de-sacs. But the details—how you go on from the basic principles of evolution to explain large-scale patterns in biology—are more divisive. Scientific camps form. Their leaders step onto soap boxes. And only rarely do people concede that their own theories and those of their opponents are not always mutually exclusive.

Since the early 1970s, the two grandest patterns of life—how species are arranged in space and how they are arranged in time—have divided their opposing camps quite neatly. Those who squabble over space disagree about why there are more species in the tropics than anywhere else. To them, the tropics are either where species are more often born (cradles of diversity) or where they tend not to die (museums of diversity). By contrast, biologists concerned with patterns in time tenaciously debate whether new species come into being in a smooth and gradual manner, or whether the history of life is actually a series of bursts of change that are interspersed with periods when nothing much happens.

Two papers just published in Science have cast light on these questions, and their findings, if not necessarily resulting in compromise, do show the value of taking leaves out of other people's books. The "space biologists" have looked into time, namely the fossil record over the past 11m years. Meanwhile the "time biologists" have looked at the here and now and found evidence in living species for periods of rapid evolution in their genes.

Biological Spacetime

The space biologists have the advantage that they agree about the pattern they are trying to explain. Almost all groups of life that have been studied—be they fungi, plants, vertebrates or invertebrates, and no matter whether they occur in forests, streams or seas—seem to have more species the closer they are to the equator.

To decide whether the tropics are a cradle or a museum, though, involves picking this pattern apart with statistics. And statistics work best when you have more than one sample. That is the reason for reaching into the past.

David Jablonski, of the University of Chicago, and his colleagues created their samples by dividing the past 11m years into three periods. For simplicity's sake, they also chopped the Earth's surface into two: tropical regions and everywhere else, which they called the "extratropics".

To avoid sampling bias, they restricted their analysis to one group of animals—the bivalve molluscs—that fossilise well. This allowed them to follow 431 "lineages" of marine bivalve through the course of geological time. The vast majority of these lineages appear in the tropics and then spread into the extratropics, in other words, the tropics do, indeed, act as cradles of biodiversity.

In fact, the pattern Dr Jablonski reports is probably more marked than

A．Y

B．N

C．NG

A PC is powered on and begins POST. The PC takes a long time when scanning for drives. The BIOS reports no hard drive can be found but the CD-ROM is identified. The technician knows that there are two hard drives on the primary EIDE controller and a CD-ROM on the secondary EIDE controller.Which of the following is the MOST likely cause of the problem?（）

A. Both hard drives have the master jumper in place.

B. One hard drive is set as master and the other slave.

C. The hard drive data cable is reversed.

D. Both hard drives have the cable select jumper in place.

Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)

Directions: In this part you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1～7 , choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8～10, complete the sentences with the in formation given in the passage.

Sound Effects

Snorers(打鼾的人) have always been made jokes. In cartoons, their nasal(鼻子的)roar lifts the roof off houses. In situation comedies, there's the wife who rolls her eyes at her snoring bedmate. But in reality, it's not all that funny. In fact, snoring can be a nightmare for snorers and their troubled partners, who may wake up several times a night to poke, and maybe hoist loved ones onto their sides for a little relief.

Risks of Snoring Problems

But the nightly racket is more than a potential relationship strain. According to the latest research, an increasingly older and heavier population may make this condition an even greater a health risk than we previously thought. For Maggie Moss-Tucker, successful treatment for a longtime snoring problem came almost by accident. One fall morning in 2005, she saw a sign at her local gym seeking snorers as volunteers for a study at Boston's Brigham & Women's Hospital. Moss-Tucker, now 56, was intrigued. She had started snoring nearly a decade earlier. "I'd tried everything to stop," she says, from sleeping upright to using nose strips or a mouth guard. But to her and her husband's dismay, nothing worked. When she signed up for the study and spent a night at a suburban Boston sleep lab, she found out why.

After reviewing her sleep patterns and oxygen levels, researchers told her that her snoring was actually an indication of something worse. She suffered from a sleep apnea(呼吸暂停), a condition in which patients stop breathing repeatedly as they sleep and can wake up as many as 100 times a night often without remembering it. That kind of revelation has led to doctors re-evaluating a condition once treated as little more than a nuisance. "In the past, snoring has been treated like a joking matter; you never talked about it with your doctor, "says Dr. David Rapoport, medical director of the Sleep Disorders Center at New York University Medical Center. "But when it becomes very prominent or such that it wakes you up or interferes with breathing, it can be a problem."

Sleep apnea, in which the airway becomes blocked or, less often, the brain fails to properly control breathing during sleeping, can be viewed as one extreme of the snoring spectrum. Soft snoring, which is not generally considered a health hazard, would be at the other end. As the sound and persistence of a patient's snoring grows, so do the health concerns. A study published in the March 1 issue of the journal Sleep found that loud snorers had a 40 percent greater risk than non-snorers of suffering from high blood pressure, 34 percent greater odds of having a heart attack and a 67 percent greater chance of having a stroke.

That's a problem given the number of noisy sleepers out there. In a recent poll by the National Sleep Foundation, about one third of US working adults reported snoring at least a few nights in the previous month. Snoring generally worsens with age so the rate is even higher among the elderly. And, contrary to common perceptions, it's nearly as common in women as men. Menopause(更年期) appears to be a factor, as is weight. Being overweight can cause thickness in the airway tube, holding back the flow of oxygen.

Treatment of Snoring Problems

Yet many who regularly snore don't realize that it could be bad for their health. The research linking hypertension, cardiac problems and loud snoring is relatively new. And though awareness of s

A．the causes of snoring problems

B．the treatments of snoring problems

C．the risks of snoring problems

D．the hazards and the treatments of snoring problems

Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)

Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.

Preparing for Computer Disasters

Fires, power surges, and floods, they're all facts of life. We read about them in the morning paper and see them on the evening news. We sympathize with the victims and commiserate over their bad luck. We also shake our heads at the digital consequences—melted computers, system failures, destroyed data. Yet, somehow, many of us continue to live by that old mantra of denial: "It won't happen to me." Well, the truth is, at some point you'll probably have to deal with at least one disaster. That's just how it goes, and in most aspects of our lives we do something about it. We buy insurance. We stow away provisions. We even make disaster plans and run drills. But for some reason, computer disaster recovery is a blind spot for many of us. It shouldn't be. Home computers contain some of our most important information, both business and personal, and making certain our data survives a disaster should be a priority. Moreover, even the smallest disaster can be a serious disruption. Personal computers have become an integral part of the smooth-running household. We use them to communicate, shop, and do homework, and they're even more vital to home office users. When home office computers go down, many small businesses grind to a halt. Fortunately, taking steps to recover from disasters and minimize their effects is quite straightforward. With a good offsite storage plan and the right tools, you can bounce back quickly and easily from minor computer disasters. And, should a major calamity strike, you can rest assured your data is safe.

Offsite Storage: Major Disasters

House fires and floods are among the most devastating causes of personal computer destruction. That's why a solid offsite backup and recovery plan is essential. Although many home users faithfully back up their hard drives, many would still lose all their data should their houses flood or burn. That's because they keep their backups relatively close to their computers. Their backup disks might not be in the same room as their computers—tucked away in a closet or even the garage—but they're not nearly far enough away should a serious disaster strike. So, it's important to back up your system to a removable medium and to store it elsewhere.

There are many ways to approach offsite storage. It starts with choices of backup tools and storage medium. Disaster situations are stressful, and your recovery tools shouldn't add to that stress. They must be dependable and intuitive, making it easy to schedule regular backups and to retrieve files in a pinch. They must also be compatible with your choice of backup medium. Depending on your tools, you can back up to a variety of durable disk types—from CDs to Jazz drives to remote network servers. Although many of these storage media have high capacity, a backup tool with compression capabilities is a big plus, eliminating the inconvenience of multiple disks or large uploads.

Once you select your tools and a suitable medium, you need to find a remote place to store your backups. The options are endless. However, no matter where you choose, be sure the site is secure, easily accessible, and a good distance away from your home. You may also want to consider using an Internet-based backup service. More and more service providers are offering storage space on their servers, and uploading files to a remote location has become an attractive alternative to conventional offsite storage.

A．take steps to recover from them

B．call the computer company

C．buy insurance

D．stow away provision

Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)

Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.

For questions 1～7, mark

Y (for YES ) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;

N (for NO ) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage

NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.

For questions 8～10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.

Hot Dogs and Apple Pie

America's favorite foods

Today we tell about some of the foods that Americans like best-America's favorites. You may have heard that Americans like hot dogs and hamburgers best of all foods. Well, farmers and owners of public eating places might happily agree. So might the nation's Meat Institute and the National Hot Dog ＆ Sausage Council. But people whose favorites are pizza and apple pie would give the meat lovers a spirited argument!

Naming the favorite foods of Americans depends a lot on whom you ask. But one thing is sure. The ancestors of most Americans came from other countries. The United States owes many favorite dishes, or the ideas for these foods, to the rest of the world.

For example, that traditional American favorite, the hot dog or wiener, had its modern beginning in Germany. The National Hot Dog and Sausage Council estimate that Americans eat about seven thousand million of these sausages during a summer.

Hot Dog

A hot dog is usually made from pork, the meat of a pig. Or it is made from beef, the meat of a cow. Another version is made from turkey. A vegetarian version of a hot dog has no meat at all. It often contains tofu, made from soy plants.

The hot dog is shaped like a tube. Many people say it looks like a Dachshund dog. It is served between two shaped pieces of bread called a bun. Americans often say they especially like hot dogs cooked over a hot fire in the open air. People at sports events buy plenty of hot dogs.

For many people, it is not just the meat that tastes so good. These people enjoy colorful and tasty additions. For example, they include a yellow or yellow-brown thickened liquid called mustard. They may also put red catsup and pieces of a white or red, strong-smelling vegetable called onion on their hot dogs.

Hot dog eaters often add pickle, a salty green vegetable. Some people place barbecue sauce on top of all this. Or they use a spice called horseradish. It gives the hot dog a pleasant bite.

Hot Dog's Story

A hot dog is also known as a frankfurter or frank. That is because the city of Frankfurt-am- Main. Germany is often said to be the birthplace of this sausage. But the National Hot Dog and Sausage Council says there are other ideas about where the hot dog began.

One version of hot dog history says a butcher, or meat cutter, from the German city of Coburg was responsible. It says he invented the hot dog in the late sixteen hundreds. Vienna, Austria, also claims that it created the food.

The council says butchers from several countries probably brought common European sausages to America. A street salesman sold hot dogs to people in New York City in the eighteen sixties. And, in eighteen seventy one, a hot dog stand opened at the Coney Island amusement park in New York City.

Hamburgers

Americans also eat lots of hamburgers. This ground meat comes from beef. It can be cooked in many ways. Like hot dogs, hamburgers are a favorite picnic food.

Many public eating places in the Unite

A．Y

B．N

C．NG