Question 29-30 Choose TWO letters, A-E. Which TWO reasons for possible error will they include in their report？

Understanding Obesity

Obesity is a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to the extent that it may have a negative effect on health. People are generally considered obese when their body mass index (BMI)，a measurement obtained by dividing a person' s weight by the square of the person' 8 height, is over 30 kg/n2, with the range 25-30kg/n2 defined as overweight. Some Asian countries use love values.

Causes

Obesity is most commonly caused by a combination of food intake, lack of physical activity, endocrine disorders, medications or mental illness. Evidence to support the view that obese people eat little yet gain weight due to a slow metabolism is not generally supported. On average, obese people have greater energy expenditure than their thin counterparts due to the energy required to maintain an increased body mass.

A 2006 review identified ten other possible contributors to the recent increase of obesity (1)insufficient sleep(2)endocrine disrupters( environmental pollutants that interfere with lipid metabolism), (3)decreased variability in surrounding temperature,(4)decreased rates of smoking, because smoking suppresses appetite, (5)increased use of medications that can cause weight gain(e.g., a typical antipsychotics), (6)proportional increases in ethic and age groups that tend to be heavier,(7)pregnancy at a later age(which may Cause susceptibility to obesity in children), (8)epigenetic risk factors passed on generationally, (9)natural selection for higher BMI, and(10)assortative mating leading to increased concentration of obesity risk factors (this would increase the number of obese people by increasing population variance in weight)

Effects on health

Excessive body weight is associated with various diseases, particularly cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus Type 2, obstructive sleep apnea, certain types of cancer, osteoarthritis and asthma. As a result, obesity has been found to reduce life expectancy.

Obesity diminishes almost every aspect of health, from reproductive and respiratory function to memory and mood. Obesity increases the risk of several deadly diseases, including diabetes, heart disease and some cancers. It does this through a variety of pathways, some as straightforward as the mechanical stress of carrying extra pounds and some involving complex changes in-hormones and metabolism. Obesity decreases the quality and length of life and increased individual, national and global healthcare costs. The good news, though, is that weight loss can curtail some obesity-related risks. Losing as little as 5 to 10 percent of body weight offers meaningful health benefits to people who are obese even if they never achieve their "ideal" weight, and even if they only begin to lose weight later in life.

Prevention of obesity

Obesity is a leading preventable cause of death worldwide, with increasing rates in adults and children. In 2014, 600 million adults (13%) and 42 million children under the age of five were obese. Obesity is more common in women than men. Authorities view it as one of the most serious public health problems of the 21st century. Obesity is stigmatized in much of the modern world (particularly in the Western world), though it was seen as a symbol of wealth and fertility at other times in history and still is in some part of the world. In 2013 the American Medical Association classified obesity as a disease.

Obesity is mostly preventable through a combination of social changes and personal choices. Changes to diet and exercising are the main treatments. Diet quality can be improved by reducing the consumption of energy-dense foods, such as those high in fat sugars. And by increasing the intake of dietary fiber. Medications may be taken, along with a suitable diet, to reduce appetite or decrease fat absorption. If diet, exercise and medication are not effective, a gastric balloon or surgery may be performed to reduce stomach volume or bowel length, leading to feeling full earlier or reduced ability to absorb nutrients from food

1、A person is usually considered obese when___.

A. his/her BMI reaches over 30kg/n2

B. his/her BMI ranges from 25-30kg/n2

C. he/she has accumulated excess body fat.

D. he/she eats too much.

2、What is the near-synonym to the word “susceptibility”(in the 1st sentence of the 2nd paragraph)?

A. Infection

B. Suspicion

C. Ailment

D. Tendency

3、What is true about obesity?

A. some people become obese easily because of genetic susceptibility

B. A slow metabolism explains why obese people eat little yet gain weight

C. Obese people need less energy required to maintain an increased body mass

D. Excessive food intake will definitely cause obesity

4、Potential reasons for the rise of weight gain include following except__.

A. side effects of some medications

B. endocrine dysfunction

C. inadequate sleep

D. excessive smoking

5、According to the passage, what is not the possible consequence of obesity.

A. Diabetes mellitus Type 1 and 2

B. Difficulty in breathing during sleep

C. Decreased life quality

D. Shorter life expectancy

A、Do you think there might be any other proof of your conclusion?

B、Are you sure about the conclusion you have drawn?

C、Do you think there might be other possible explanations for the results?

D、What do you think scientists working in this field should do in the future?

•Read the article about the future of a company conference.

•Choose the best word to fill in each gap, from A, B or C.

•For each question (29 -40) , mark one letter (A, B or C) on your Answer Sheet.

(29) the January 2006 company conference, top level executives discussed their financial results (30) 2005. Leading the conference (31) Mr. Miller, Chief Executive Officer, (32) would later report the results to Mr. Harvey, the corporate President. Reporting (33) Mr. Miller at the meeting were Emily Lee, Peter Smith and John Walker, each a vice president (34) separate departments within the company, Both Emily Lee and Peter Smith reported ordinary profits for the year 2005, with funds (35) excess of 20% greater than that of the previous year. However, John Walker was able to report an exceptionally high profit (36) her department, with revenue exceeding 70% from that of the previous (37) . (38) a result, Mr. Miller requested John Walker to present a more detailed report. Later, Mr. Miller reported the data to Mr. Harvey, who presented the results in a speech (39) an international symposium held in Hong Kong. Mr. Harvey's company then won an award (40) high achievement in business.

(29)

A．By

B．With

C．At

It is difficult for an agency as old as J. Walter Thompson, which will mm 140 next year, to record some firsts at so venerable an age. But it will do just that with a rare changing of the guard. Thompson, which works for blue-chip advertisers like Diageo, Ford Motor, Kellogg, Merrill Lynch, Nestl6, Pfizer and Reckitt Benckiser, will announce today that Bob Jeffrey, president for its North American operations, will be promoted to chief executive, effective Jan. 1.

Mr. Jeffrey, in being named the ninth chief executive of Thompson since 1864, succeeds Peter A. Schweitzer, who will become chairman, a post that is now vacant. Mr. Schweitzer, 64, will also relinquish his duties as worldwide president to Michael Madel, now president for the Thompson operations in Europe, the Middle East and Africa. Mr. Jeffrey, 50, will become the first Thompson chief executive to have spent most of his advertising career outside the agency. He joined Thompson five years ago as president of the flagship New York office; he came from the agency now known as Lowe & Partners Worldwide, part of the Interpublic Group of Companies, where he had been executive vice president and managing director for the San Francisco office. Mr. Jeffrey, who was also a founder of the Goldsmith/Jeffrey agency in New York, was promoted to his current post in 2001.

Mr. Madel, 53, will be the first Thompson worldwide president to be based outside New York, in this case London. Mr. Madel, who joined Thompson in 1990, adds responsibilities for the Asian-Pacific operations to the duties of his current post, to which he was promoted in 1997.

The changes come as Thompson, the largest agency in the United States in revenue--and No. 4 globally, behind Dentsu, McCann-Erickson Worldwide Advertising and BBDO Worldwide---confronts some daunting challenges.

While Thompson has recently gained additional assignments from clients like Pfizer, the agency has also lost some accounts from prominent marketers including the Miller Brewing Company division of SAB-Miller and Sun Microsystems. Thompson has had to shake up the ranks of senior managers at offices in cities like Chicago, Detroit and San Francisco to help reassure clients.

The agency stumbled in efforts to develop an entertainment marketing division, dismantling a unit based in New York named Content @JWT in favor of handling those tasks out of the Detroit office. And Thompson, like many large agencies, is deemed in need of improving its creative output, particularly as clients must deal with rapidly changing marketing and media trend.

The challenges include the rise of the finicky youthful consumer cohort known as Generation Y and the need to develop alternatives to traditional ad forms as consumers zip, zap and fast-forward television commercials. One task facing Mr. Jeffrey is to take the J. Walter Thompson creative product to an even higher level. Another is to ensure that communications solutions for clients are coordinated across all disciplines as effective as possible. This referred to the Thompson offerings in areas as disparate as advertising, entertainment marketing, interactive marketing, direct marketing and health care advertising. Mr. Jeffrey, in a separate interview, acknowledged the scale and scope of what he would face.

"If you watch the movie Catch Me if You Can set in the 1960's, you see the prominent brands are Pan Am and T.W.A.," Mr. Jeffrey said. "Forty years later, look at the airline industry. If you look at the ad industry, you could prognosticate something similar," he added. "If we don't get our acts together, that could be us."

It can be inferred from the passage that the advertisers that I. Walter Thompson works for are ______.

A．of the highest quality

B．as old as J. Walter Thompson

C．advertisers of stock markets

D．advertisers of electric products