Referential language refers to the language that ______.

SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE

Directions: Translate the following text into Chinese.

My guess is that English will retain its currency in the world for the next 50 or so, but it is difficult to see it retaining it beyond then. If the Chinese could establish some reasonable way of writing their language by forming some sort of alphabeticisation, then given the exponential population growth among Chinese communities, their language would rapidly gain in importance. And let's not forget Spanish; some predict that there will be a Spanish majority in the United States within twenty years. So it is not impossible to conceive that another language might come to dominate besides English one day.

An equally important trend will be the fragmentation of English. Many countries are now using English so much that they are starting to teach their own particular brand of the language with different forms of sentence construction, for example. They no longer want native speakers to teach English, but locals whose version of English contains the same forms as the local use of the language. This is not just true in colonial countries, it's happening as far apart as Germany and the Pacific Rim. It's a strongly democratic move and I think we will see a lot more local publishing as a result.

Yet while forms of English become increasingly localized, the information explosion is also making our use of language more global. A quite new form. of language is evolving on the internet. The E - mail is a new form. of message: it's not a letter, not a postcard. And it has its own casual style, often without complete sentences. English is especially well adapted to this style, as it can easily be shortened. So I suspect English will continue to be more advanced than other languages on the worldwide web--it will remain the language of science and technology.

Television broadcasts are 71 to an area that is within the 72 of the sending station or its relay（中转站）.73 television relays are often placed on hills and mountains so that they can 74a wider region， they still can not cover more [and than one from the hilltop 75a clear day.However， the rays also go out into the atmosphere， 76there is a relay station on a satellite that 77 around the earth， it can send the pictures to any point on the earth from which the satellite is 78 Three satellites 79 . turning around over the equator（赤道）send any television program to any part of the earth.80 makes it possible for world 81of newspapers to give-the news in all countries at the same time.82 it may be possible for a subscriber （订户）to a televised news-paper to 83 a button and see a newspaper page 84 his television screen. He could also decide when he wants the page 85 ， 86 ， by dialing different such as87 on a telephone dial， he could choose the language or the edition of the paper hewants to read. It seems strange to think that， even today， methods of the 88 are not entire ly useless. For example， sometimes89agencies which use radio and Telstar also use pigeons to 90 messages between offices in large cities because the pigeons are not bothered by traffic problems.根据以上内容，回答题。

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A.prohibited

B.bounded

C.limited

D.shifted

听力原文：W: Hello, Professor Kristiva. My name is Albert Humphries, and I live in London.

M: Miss Humphries. What is your question?

W: I've been studying Italian for some years. (19)But I find it very difficult to speak, and when I went to Milan this summer, I couldn't understand the Italian people at all. I got really disheartened.

M: How long have you been studying Italian?

W: About four years. I've been going to an evening class and I've watched BBC.

M: Did you buy the BBC hook?

W: No, we use a different book in the class.

M: Yes, I see, Miss Humphries, (20)I always think that learning a language is rather like learning to drive. Now, you couldn't learn to drive a car by sitting in a classroom or watching television. I think what you need is a lot of practice in using the language.

W: That's all very well if you live in Italy.

M: Yes, I understand the problem. You might arrange with another student or students to have regular conversation practice.

W: But the other students make the same mistakes as I do.

M: I think you're confusing learning with practicing. Learning to speak means being able to put together the right groups of words and to say them in a reasonably accurate way.

W: And what about learning to understand real Italian?

M: Well, again, you need practice in hearing the Italian language spoken by Italian speakers. Get one of them to read Italian newspaper onto a cassette. Then you listen to the recording until you almost know them by heart. You don't need a huge vocabulary. (21) You need a small vocabulary that you can use really efficiently, and to be able to de that you need lots and lots of practice.

(20)

A．How to study Italian Grammar.

B．How to enlarge her Italian vocabulary.

C．How to improve her speaking and listening in Italian.

D．How to improve her reading skills in Italian.

A、official language

B、lingua franca

C、national language

D、world language

A、uses numbers or words to construct a message for its reader

B、uses symbols and sounds to construct a message for its listener

C、is carried either in oral or written form of language

D、all the above

A、sinus/o

B、sept/o

C、rhin/o

D、alveol/o

Material culture refers to the touchable, material "things"—physical objects that can be seen, held, fell, used — that a culture produces. Examining a culture's tools and technology can tell us about the group's history and way of life. Similarly, research into the material culture of music: can help us to understand the music culture. The most vivid body of "things" in it, of course, are musical instruments. We cannot bear for ourselves the actual sound of any musical performance before the 1870s when phonograph was invented, so we rely on instruments for important information about music-cultures in the remote past and their develop ment. Here we have two kinds of evidence: instruments well preserved and instruments pictured in art. Through the study of instruments, as well as paintings, written documents, and so on, we can explore the movement of music from the Near East to China over a thousand years ago, or we can outline the spread of Near Eastern influence to Europe that resulted in the development of most of the instruments in the symphony orchestra.

Sheet music or printed music, too, is material culture. Scholars once defined folk music-cultures as those in which people learn and sing music by ear rather than from print, but research shows mutusl influence

among oral and written sources during the past few centuries in Europe, Britain, and America. Printed versions limit variety because they tend to standardize any song, yet they stimulate people to create new and different songs. Besides, the ability to read music notation has a far-reaching effect on musicians and, when it becomes widespread, on the music cul Lure as a whole.

One more important part of music's material culture should be singled out: the influence of the electronic media—radio, record player, tape recorder, television, and videocassette, with the future promising talking and singing computers and other developments. This is all part of the "information revolution", a twentieth-century phenomenon as important as the industrial revolution was in the nineteenth. These electronic media are not just limited to modern nations; the)' have affected music cultures all over the globe.

Research into the material culture of a nation is of great importance bucause ______.

A．it helps produce new cultural tools and technology

B．it can reflect the development of the nation

C．it helps understand the nation's past and present

D．it can demonstrate the nations civilization

A、Arbitrariness

B、Duality

C、Displacement

D、Creativity