Please select the techniques that can be used for the purpose of DEVERBALIZATION in interpreting:

A．so that

B．such that

C．such as

D．for the purpose of

A．so that

B．such that

C．such as

D．for the purpose of

A．so that

B．such that

C．such as

D．for the purpose of

A．in addition to

B．for the purpose of

C．with regard to

D．at the risk of

Although for the purpose of this article English literature is treated as being confined to writings in English by natives or inhabitants of the British Isles, it is to a certain extent the case that literature-and this is particularly true of the literature written in English--knows no frontiers. Thus, English literature can be regarded as a cultural whole of which the mainstream literatures of the Unit- ed States, Australia, New Zealand, and Canada and important elements in the literatures of other commonwealth countries are parts. It can be argued that no single English novel attains the universality of the Russian writer Leo Tolstoy's War and Peace. Yet in the Middle Ages the Old English literature was influenced and gradually changed by the Latin and French writings, eminently foreign in origin, in which the churchmen and the Norman (诺曼) conquerors expressed themselves. From this combination emerged a flexible and subtle linguistic instrument exploited by Geoffrey Chaucer (乔叟) and brought to supreme application by William Shakespeare.

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【B18】

A．in addition to

B．for the purpose of

C．with regard to

D．at the risk of

The passage is written for the purpose of ______.

A．analyzing the difference between the environmental problems in rich and poor countries

B．arguing why developing countries should take immediate action to deal with their environmental problems

C．demonstrating how serious damage pollution can cause to a country's economic development

D．explaining why the developed world's environmental concerns have little to do with immediate threats

The president of the college, together with the deans,_____a conference for the purpose of laying down certain regulations.

A．is planning

B．are planning

C．are to plan

D．have planned