Read and choose the best answer. Transcribing（抄写...

SECTION 3

Directions: Each passage in this group is followed by questions based on its content. After reading a passage, choose the best answer to each question. Answer all questions following a passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage.

Feminist critics have often pondered whether a postmodern language may

be articulated that obviates the essentialist arrogance of much modernist and

some feminist discourse and does not reduce feminism to silences or a purely

negative and reactionary stance. This ideal may be actualized in a discourse that

(5) recognizes itself as historically situated, as motivated by values and, thus,

political interests, and as a human practice without transcendent justification.

The author Dorothy Allison meets these criteria by focusing on women who have

been marginalized by totalizing forces and ideas, while simultaneously

reminding the reader, through the wide range of women that she portrays and

(10) their culpability in her protagonists' predicaments, that unlike pure and

transcendent heroes, women are real characters and morally complex. Allison

insists that humans are burdened with the responsibility of fashioning their own

stories, quotidian as they may be, and while these will never offer the solace of

transcendent justification, the constant negotiation between the word and the

(15) world avoids reticence on the one hand and the purely negative on the other.

It can be inferred from the passage that the author views the justification through literature as a concept that

A．derives from a negative stance toward feminism

B．predates the birth of postmodernism as a literary movement

C．encourages writers to tell humdrum stories

D．limits the construction of morally complex characters

E．contributes to the politicization and historical orientation of texts

SECTION 3

Directions: Each passage in this group is followed by questions based on its content. After reading a passage, choose the best answer to each question. Answer all questions following a passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage.

Feminist critics have often pondered whether a postmodern language may

be articulated that obviates the essentialist arrogance of much modernist and

some feminist discourse and does not reduce feminism to silences or a purely

Line negative and reactionary stance. This ideal may be actualized in a discourse that

(5) recognizes itself as historically situated, as motivated by values and, thus,

political interests, and as a human practice without transcendent justification.

The author Dorothy Allison meets these criteria by focusing on women who have

been marginalized by totalizing forces and ideas, while simultaneously

reminding the reader, through the wide range of women that she portrays and

(10) their culpability in her protagonists' predicaments, that unlike pure and

transcendent heroes, women are real characters and morally complex. Allison

insists that humans are burdened with the responsibility of fashioning their own

stories, quotidian as they may be, and while these will never offer the solace of

transcendent justification, the constant negotiation between the word and the

(15) world avoids reticence on the one hand and the purely negative on the other.

It can be inferred from the passage that the author views the transcendent justification through literature as a concept that

A．derives from a negative stance toward feminism

B．predates the birth of postmodernism as a literary movement

C．encourages writers to tell humdrum stories

D．limits the construction of morally complex characters

E．contributes to the politicization and historical orientation of texts

SECTION 3

Directions: Each passage in this group is followed by questions based on its content. After reading a passage, choose the best answer to each question. Answer all questions following a passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage.

Feminist critics have often pondered whether a postmodern language may

be articulated that obviates the essentialist arrogance of much modernist and

some feminist discourse and does not reduce feminism to silences or a purely

Line negative and reactionary stance. This ideal may be actualized in a discourse that

(5) recognizes itself as historically situated, as motivated by values and, thus,

political interests, and as a human practice without transcendent justification.

The author Dorothy Allison meets these criteria by focusing on women who have

been marginalized by totalizing forces and ideas, while simultaneously

reminding the reader, through the wide range of women that she portrays and

(10) their culpability in her protagonists' predicaments, that unlike pure and

transcendent heroes, women are real characters and morally complex. Allison

insists that humans are burdened with the responsibility of fashioning their own

stories, quotidian as they may be, and while these will never offer the solace of

transcendent justification, the constant negotiation between the word and the

(15) world avoids reticence on the one hand and the purely negative on the other.

It can be inferred from the passage that the author views the transcendent justification through literature as a concept that

A．derives from a negative stance toward feminism

B．predates the birth of postmodernism as a literary movement

C．encourages writers to tell humdrum stories

D．limits the construction of morally complex characters

E．contributes to the politicization and historical orientation of texts

SECTION 3

Directions: Each passage in this group is followed by questions based on its content. After reading a passage, choose the best answer to each question. Answer all questions following a passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage.

While chemists try to assemble molecules using a combination of theoretical

principles and practical experience to mold molecules that have desired

structural and chemical properties, nanotechonologists generally seek to make

Line more than a single molecule. They build arrays of identical or complexed

(5) molecules, sometimes on a scale that will transcend the boundaries of the

microscopic and approach the macroscopic, using both top-down and bottom-up

approaches. The first is exemplified by scientists who build objects and

molecular arrays using the techniques of scanning probe microscopy, while the

second is exemplified by investigators who design two-and three-dimensional

(10) chemical systems that cohere according to the rules of chemical interactions.

The top-down approach has exquisite precision, but its disadvantage is its lack

of extensive parallelism; it requires manipulating atoms and molecules

practically one by one, while the bottom-up approach is massively parallel. But

in both cases, scientists are forced to use the difficult nanometer scale, i.e. the

(15) level at which living systems tend to make their structural components, rather

than the angstrom scale of chemistry.

The primary purpose of the passage is to

A．indicate some possible technological benefits to the development of new and varied techniques in nanotechnology

B．argue that science involving the macroscopic tends to be exponentially more difficult than the science of the microscopic

C．defend the use of the bottom-up approach of building molecules as more efficient relative to the top-down approach

D．distinguish two different approaches in nanotechnology and comment on their differences and similarities

E．correct the misconception that the benefits of nanotechnology are likely to be seen in the near future

根据以下资料，回答下列各题： Directions： Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese．Your translation should be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET．(10 points) A chilling feature of the suicide video left by Mohammad Sidique Khan。the leader of the band that killed more than 50 people in London in July，2005，was the homely Yorkshire accent in which he told his countrymen that“your”government is at war with“my people”．What makes a Muslim in Britain or America wake up and decide that he is no longer a Briton 0r American but an Islamic “soldier”fighting a holy war against the infidel? Part of it must be pull，part is presumably push． George Bush has repeated like a scratched gramophone record that Americans were at war with the terrorists who had attacked them on 9／1 1，not at war with Islam．(46)Barack 0bama has followed suit：the White House national security strategy published in May says that one way to guard against radicalisation at home is to stress that“diversity is part of our strength--not a source of division or insecurity．”This is hardly rocket science．(47) And that reminding Americans of the difference--a real one，by the way，not one fabricated for the purposes of political correctness--between Islam．a religion with a billion adherents．And AI Qaeda．a terrorist outfit that claims to speak in Islam’s name but has absolutely no right to do so． Why would any responsible American politician want to erase that vital distinction?Good question．(48)Ask Sarah Palin，or Newt Gingrich，or the many others who have lately clamored about the offensive campaign to stop Cordoba House，a proposed community centre and mosque，from being built in New York two blocks from the site of the twin towers． In a tweet last mortth from Alaska．Ms Palin called on“peaceful Muslims”to “repudiate ”he“ground zero mosque ”because it would“stab”American hearts．But why should it? Cordoba House is not being built by Al Qaeda．To the contrary．it is the brainchild of Imam Feisal Abdul Rauf，a well meaning American cleric who has spent years trying to promote interfaith understanding．He is modelling his project on New York’s 92nd Street Y．a Jewish community centre that reaches out to other religions．The site was selected precisely so that it might heal some of the wounds opened by the felling of the twin towers and all that followed．True．some relatives of 9／11 victims are hurt by the idea of a mosque going up near the site．(49)But that feeling of hurt makes sense only if they too buy the false idea that Muslims in general were perpetrators of the crime．Besides，what about the feelings．and fo that matter the rights，of America’s Muslims-some of whom also perished in the atrocity? (50)It is impossible to excuse the mean spirit and scrambled logic of Mr Ginger’s assertion that “there should be no mosoue near ground zero so long as there are no churches or synagogues in Saudi Arabia”． To Mr Gingrich，it seems，all American Muslim is a Muslim first and an American second．Al Qaeda would doubtless concur．Mr Gingrich also objects to the centre’s name．Imam Feisal says he chose“Cordoba”in recollection of a time when the rest of Europe had sunk into the Dark Ages but Muslims，Jews and Christians created an oasis of art，culture and science．Mr Gingrich sees only a“deliberate insult”．a reminder of a period when Muslim conquerors ruled Spain．Like Mr bin Laden，Mr Gingrich is apparently still reiterating the victories and defeats of religious wars fought in Europe and the Middle East centuries ago．He should rejoin the modem world，before he does real harm． ___________

Section A

Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer.

听力原文：W: Do you know anyone who can translate this document?

M: What about the new secretary? I heard he's bilingual.

Q: What does the man mean?

(12)

A．No one can do the translating.

B．The new secretary can type the document.

C．The woman should do the work herself.

D．The secretary might be able to help the woman.

Theodore Dreiser and Jack London are among the best representative writers of literary

A．naturalism.

B．sentimentalism.

C．romanticism.

D．transcendentalism.

For centuries the most valuable of African resources for Europeans were the slaves, but these could be obtained at coastal ports, without any need for going deep inland. Slavery had been an established institution in Africa. Prisoners of war had been enslaved, as were also debtors and individuals guilty of serious crimes. But these slaves usually were treated as part of the family. They had clearly defined rights, and their slave status was not necessarily inherited. Therefore it is commonly argued that Africa's traditional slavery was mild compared to the trans-Atlantic slave trade organized by the Europeans. This argument, however, can be carried too far. In the most recent study of this subject, some scholars warned against the illusion that " cruel and dehumanizing enslavement was a monopoly of the West. Slavery in its extreme forms, including the taking of life, was common to both Africa and the West. The fact that African slavery had different origins and consequences should not lead us to deny what it was — the exploitation and control of humanbeings. "Neither can it be denied that the wholesale shipment of Africans to the slave plantations of the Americas was made possible by the participation of African chiefs who rounded up their fellow Africans and sold them as a handsome profit to European ship captains waiting along the coasts.

Granting all this, the fact remains that the trans-Atlantic slave trade conducted by the Europeans was entirely different in quantity and quality from the traditional type of slavery that had existed within Africa. From the beginning the European variety was primarily an economic institution rather than social, as it had been in Africa. Western slave traders and slave owners were acted on by purely economic considerations, and were quite ready to work their slaves to death if it was more profitable to do so than to treat them more mercifully. This inhumanity was reinforced by racism when the Europeans became involved in the African slave trade on a large scale. Perhaps as a subconscious rationalization they gradually came to look down on Negroes as inherently inferior, and therefore destined to serve their white masters. Rationalization also may have been involved in the Europeans' use of religion to justify the traffic in human beings. It was argued, for instance, that enslavement assured the conversion of the African evil-believing religions to the true faith as well as to civilization.

In the first paragraph, the author argues that

A．the Europeans were innocent in the trade of African slaves.

B．slavery in Africa and in the West was the same in nature.

C．the view in the most recent studies of enslavement is baseless.

D．slaves had been treated even more cruelly in the African tradition.

For centuries the most valuable of African resources for Europeans were the slaves, but these could be obtained at coastal ports, without any need for going deep inland. Slavery had been an established institution in Africa. Prisoners of war had been enslaved, as were also debtors and individuals guilty of serious crimes. But these slaves usually were treated as part of the family. They had clearly defined rights, and their slave status was not necessarily inherited. Therefore it is commonly argued that Africa's traditional slavery was mild compared to the trans-Atlantic slave trade organized by the Europeans. This argument, however, can be carried too far. In the most recent study of this subject, some scholars warned against the illusion that " cruel and dehumanizing enslavement was a monopoly of the West. Slavery in its extreme forms, including the taking of life, was common to both Africa and the West. The fact that African slavery had different origins and consequences should not lead us to deny what it was — the exploitation and control of humanbeings. "Neither can it be denied that the wholesale shipment of Africans to the slave plantations of the Americas was made possible by the participation of African chiefs who rounded up their fellow Africans and sold them as a handsome profit to European ship captains waiting along the coasts.

Granting all this, the fact remains that the trans-Atlantic slave trade conducted by the Europeans was entirely different in quantity and quality from the traditional type of slavery that had existed within Africa. From the beginning the European variety was primarily an economic institution rather than social, as it had been in Africa. Western slave traders and slave owners were acted on by purely economic considerations, and were quite ready to work their slaves to death if it was more profitable to do so than to treat them more mercifully. This inhumanity was reinforced by racism when the Europeans became involved in the African slave trade on a large scale. Perhaps as a subconscious rationalization they gradually came to look down on Negroes as inherently inferior, and therefore destined to serve their white masters. Rationalization also may have been involved in the Europeans' use of religion to justify the traffic in human beings. It was argued, for instance, that enslavement assured the conversion of the African evil-believing religions to the true faith as well as to civilization.

In the first paragraph, the author argues that

A．the Europeans were innocent in the trade of African slaves.

B．slavery in Africa and in the West was the same in nature.

C．the view in the most recent studies of enslavement is baseless.

D．slaves had been treated even more cruelly in the African tradition.

Text 2

For centuries the most valuable of African resources for Europeans were the slaves ,but these could be obtained at coastal ports, without any need for going deep inland. Slavery had been an established institution in Africa. Prisoners of war had been enslaved, as were also debtors and individuals guilty of serious crimes. But these slaves usually were treated as part of the family. They had clearly defined rights, and their slave status was not necessarily inherited. Therefore it is commonly argued that Africa's traditional slavery was mild compared to the trans-Atlantic slave trade organized by the Europeans. This argument ,however ,can be carried too far .ln the most recent study of this subject, some scholars warned against the illusion that "cruel and dehumanizing enslavement was a monopoly of the West. Slavery in its extreme forms ,including the taking of life, was common to both Africa and the West. The fact that African slavery had different origins and consequences should not lead us to deny what it was - the exploitation and control of human beings. "Neither can it be denied that the wholesale shipment of Africans to the slave plantations of the Americas was made possible by the participation of African chiefs who rounded up their fellow Africans and sold them as a handsome profit to European ship captains waiting along the coasts.

Granting all this ,the fact remains that the trans-Atlantic slave trade conducted by the Europeans was entirely different in quantity and quality from the traditional type of slavery that had existed' within Africa. From the beginning the European variety was primarily an economic institution rather than social ,as it had been in Africa. Western slave traders and slave owners were acted on by purely economic considerations ,and were quite ready to work their slaves to death if it was more profitable to do so than to treat them more mercifully. This inhumanity was reinforced by racism when the Europeans became involved in the African slave trade on a large scale. Perhaps as a subconscious rationalization they gradually came to look down on Negroes as inherently inferior ,and therefore destined to serve their white masters. Rationalization also may have been involved in the Europeans' use of religion to justify the traffic in human beings. It was argued ,for instance ,that enslavement assured the conversion of the African evil-believing religions to the true faith as well as to civilization.

46.1n the first paragraph, the author argues that

[ A] the Europeans were innocent in the trade of African slaves.

[ B] slavery in Africa and in the West was the same in nature.

[ C] the view in the most recent studies of enslavement is baseless.

[D] slaves had been treated even more cruelly in the African tradition.