The common thread throughout American literature has been the emphasis on the idea of . A. Revolution B. Reason C. Individualism D. Rationalism

American culture has not been immune to cultural influences from outside. The idea of democracy came from the ancient Greeks: the Industrial Revolution started in England: jazz and rock music preserve African rhythms--to pick a few examples. Indeed, many of the things we think of as "100 percent American" came from other cultures.

Still, most of the changes in American culture over the last century have come from within, as the result of inventions and discoveries. And change has been dramatic. One hundred years ago the United States was largely a nation of farmers. Many of the things we take for granted today- a high school education, for example, or indoor plumbing—were luxuries then. The moon was a light for lovers, not a site for scientific exploration; genetic engineering (基因工程) was not even a subject for science fiction, much less for laboratory research and corporate investments. The decades following the Second World War, in particular, were characterized by spectacular scientific and technological advances, national self-confidence, optimism, and (for many Americans) prosperity. The American economy was the strongest in the world: more goods were produced and sold, more people were working, and the standard of living was higher than ever before. Polls (民意调查) taken in the 1950s and 1960s show that the average American was preoccupied with the questions "will I make a good living? "Will I be successful?" and "Will I raise successful, happy children?" Success was defined in terms of maintaining a stable family and "keeping up with the Jones". Most Americans believed that if they played by the rules--if they work hard and did what was expected, if they sacrificed their own needs to those of their family and their employer--they would be rewarded with an ever-increasing standard of living, a devoted spouse, and decent children. An expensive car, a suburban home, and children in college were tangible (可触知的) signs that hard work and self-sacrifice paid off.

Which statement is NOT true according to the passage?

A．There is no 100 percent American culture.

B．American culture has never be influenced by other cultures.

C．America borrowed the idea of democracy from the ancient Greeks.

D．Inventions and discoveries caused the changes within American culture.

American culture has not been immune to cultural influences from outside. The idea of democracy came from the ancient Greeks; the Industrial Revolution started in England; jazz and rock music preserve African rhythms—to pick a few examples. Indeed, many of the things we think of as "100 percent American" came from other cultures.

Still, most of the changes in American culture over the last century have come from within, as the result of inventions and discoveries. And change has been dramatic. One hundred years ago the United States was largely a nation of farmers. Many of the things we take for granted today—a high school education, for example, or indoor plumbing—were luxuries then. The moon was a light for lovers, not a site for scientific exploration; genetic engineering (基因工程) was not even a subject for science fiction, much less for laboratory research and corporate investments. The decades following the Second World War, in particular, were characterized by spectacular scientific and technological advances, national self-confidence, optimism, and (for many Americans) prosperity. The American economy was the strongest in the world: more goods were produced and sold, more people were working, and the standard of living was higher than ever before. Polls (民意调查) taken in the 1950s and 1960s show that the average American was preoccupied with the questions "will I make a good living?" "Will I be successful?" and "Will I raise successful, happy children?" Success was defined in terms of maintaining a stable family and "keeping up with the Jones". Most Americans believed that if they played by the rules—if they work hard and did what was expected, if they sacrificed their own needs to those of their family and their employer—they would be rewarded with an ever-increasing standard of living, a devoted spouse, and decent children. An expensive car, a suburban home, and children in college were tangible (可触知的) signs that hard work and self-sacrifice paid off.

Which statement is NOT true according to the passage?

A．There is no 100 percent American culture.

B．American culture has never be influenced by other cultures.

C．America borrowed the idea of democracy from the ancient Greeks.

D．Inventions and discoveries caused the changes within American culture.

American culture has not been immune to cultural influences from outside. The idea of democracy came from the ancient Greeks; the Industrial Revolution started in England; jazz and rock music preserve African rhythms—to pick a few examples. Indeed, many of the things we think of as "100 percent American" came from other cultures.

Still, most of the changes in American culture over the last century have come from within, as the result of inventions and discoveries. And change has been dramatic. One hundred years ago the United States was largely a nation of farmers. Many of the things we take for granted today—a high school education, for example, or indoor plumbing—were luxuries then. The moon was a light for lovers, not a site for scientific exploration; genetic engineering (基因工程) was not even a subject for science fiction, much less for laboratory research and corporate investments. The decades following the Second World War, in particular, were characterized by spectacular scientific and technological advances, national self-confidence, optimism, and (for many Americans) prosperity. The American economy was the strongest in the world: more goods were produced and sold, more people were working, and the standard of living was higher than ever before. Polls (民意调查) taken in the 1950's and 1960's show that the average American was preoccupied with the questions "will I make a good living?" "Will I be successful?" and "Will I raise successful, happy children?" Success was defined in terms of maintaining a stable family and "keeping up with the Jones". Most Americans believed that if they played by the rules—if they work hard and did what was expected, if they sacrificed their own needs to those of their family and their employer—they would be rewarded with an ever-increasing standard of living, a devoted spouse, and decent children. An expensive car, a suburban home, and children in college were tangible (可触知的) signs that hard work and self-sacrifice paid off.

Which statement is NOT true according to the passage?

A．There is no 100 percent American culture.

B．American culture has never be influenced by other cultures.

C．America borrowed the idea of democracy from the ancient Greeks.

D．Inventions and discoveries caused the changes within American culture.

The idea of using HIV for a beneficial purpose has been widely accepted.

The idea of using HIV for a beneficial purpose has been widely accepted.

A． Right

B． Wrong

C． Not mentioned

A．The life of farmers in America in general.

B．The effect of modern ideas on the life on farms.

C．The education received by children of American farmers.

D．The difference between farmers' life in the USA and that in other countries.

The idea of using HIV for a beneficial purpose has been widely accepted.

A．Right

B．Wrong

C．Not mentioned

Geology(地质)and Health

1．The importance of particular metals in the human diet has been realized within thepast few decades, and the idea that geology might be related to health has been recognized for a number of elements such as iodine (碘), zinc (锌) and selenium (硒)．For example,

soils with low iodine contents produce crops, and animals deficient in iodine．A lack of iodine in the human diet leads to some serious diseases.

2．The ultimate source of metals within the human body is rocks, which weather into soil, gaining or losing some of their chemical constituents．The crops we eat selectively remove from the soil the elements that they require for growth．The water we drink contains trace elements leached (过滤出) from rock and soil．Thus the geology and geochemistry of the environment have effects on the chemistry and health of plants, animals and people.

3．So far there is no data to suggest that people living on metal-rich soils experience a potential health hazard．The levels of metals within naturally contaminated soils are generally not high enough to cause serious health problems．Living on metal-rich soils does not represent a health risk unless large quantities of soil are digested or metal-rich dust is inhaled, However, small children are particularly exposed to metal-rich topsoil in playgrounds and gardens．They are also the most likely ones to eat potentially dangerous metal-rich soil.

4．Heavy metals are persistent: they do not break down to other chemicals in the environment．Industrially polluted sites usually undergo intensive clean-up and rehabilitation because heavy metals are a health concern once they enter the food chain．Some trace metals are alleged to cause cancer and are also known to cause poisoning.

5．In contrast, naturally contaminated soils have not been subject to risk assessment studies and rehabilitation measures, despite the fact that they frequently possess metal concentrations well above those of such polluted by humans and above environmental quality criteria.

6．There is a vital need to understand the potential risks and long-term health effects of living on naturally contaminated soils．Future environmental investigations of naturally polluted soils should concentrate on the potential pathways of metals into the food chain and human body．Geologists should be part of such studies as they can provide the essential background information on rock and soil chemistry as well as the chemical forms of heavy metal pollution.

A．No Evidence to Indicate Bad Effects of NaturallyContaminated Soil

B．Potential Hazards of Human Contaminated Soils

C．Research on Channels of Heavy Metals Getting into Human Food Chain

D．Geology and Health Problems

E．Rocks-the Ultimate Source of Soil Pollution

F．Long-term Health Effects on Children

第 23 题 Paragraph 1____.

The idea of using HIV for a beneficial purpose has been widely accepted.

A．Right

B．Wrong

C．Not mentioned

The idea of using HIV for a beneficial purpose has been widely accepted.

A．Right

B．Wrong

C．Not mentioned