The model has an individual way of dressing.

The main advantage of the natural way of education, whether in primitive or modern times, is that learners ____ .

A．are given opportunities to develop their interest first

B．are given more freedom in doing things and learning

C．can work with their masters throughout their learning

D．can learn the trade through solving problems at work

There are many medical problems in the modern society. One of the most alarming medical problems in the world is a【21】disease named HIV virus. This kind of virus is first【22】twenty years ago. It weakens the body and develops fully blown AIDS. AIDS is not obvious in the early stage. Sometimes symptoms occur within a few weeks after【23】. They are often flu-like, such as【24】, fever, headache, diarrhea and night sweats.

The three main【25】routes of HIV are sexual contact, exposure to infected body fluids or tissues and from mother to【26】or child during perinatal period. This kind of virus can always【27】some families apart. People's first【28】is a denial about their loved one's condition. HIV positive people are those who have tested positive for the virus.【29】they are related to conditions that are far less serious than HIV, they can only be treated when potential patients are【30】of the risk of infection. They choose to deal with the risk instead of avoiding of it.

【31】tests are the best way to monitor HIV because they can slow the progress of the virus【32】time. But we have to admit that it is no longer associated【33】death immediately, but drugs are not【34】. Doctors【35】HIV positive people to have regular tests to monitor the progress of the disease.

By now there is still not successful vaccination against HIV, so much effort has been【36】mainly on educating the public about【37】HIV is passed on. In addition, more emphasis is contributed to introduce to the citizens about personal measures that【38】the risk of infection. "We are concerned about these individuals, because we know that early treatment can help【39】their life and ensure that they do not【40】others, including their newborn children. " Dr Donald Gelhorn (president of the College of Family Physicians of Canada) says.

(21)

A．serious

B．deadly

C．tough

D．dangerous

A、Smiling

B、Shaking hands

C、Kissing cheeks

D、Bowing

Maoritanga is Maori culture: the Maori way of life and view of the world. Maoritanga is a growing and changing part of life in Aotearoa (New Zealand). Maori have adopted many aspects of western culture as their own, and more and more New Zealanders now share in the riches of Maori heritage.

Most Maori people can trace descent for the chiefs of Hawaiki who sailed to Aotearoa in ocean-going sailing canoes. Aotearoa had been discovered by the great explorer Kupe who passed on sailing directions when he returned to Hawaiki. Archaeological evidence supports Maori oral traditions and genealogical records which suggest Kupe lived about 1200 years ago. The colonists from Hawaiki--probably situated in the area now known as French Polynesia--found other Polynesian people already living in Aotearoa. The voyagers inter-married with them and established a tribal society in which kinship and links with land are key elements.

The marae--the meeting house and land around it--is the focus of Maori community life. The land and buildings are the venue for major social, political and ceremonial occasions. The meeting house synthesizes many aspects of Maori design and craft: the structure itself has a human form. and is named after an ancestor, and it signifies the unity of the tribal group. The open ground in front of the house is symbolic of the tribal land holding from which tribal identity and mana (prestige) are derived. The whole marae operates according to democratic principles which have evolved from the strict codes of behaviour that governed every aspect of traditional life.

Today, the majority of Maori people live away from the marae. Many live and work in cities and must make special efforts to maintain social and cultural links with their Maori heritage. It is especially difficult for younger people who are two or three generations removed from tribal lands and lifestyle. The decline of Maori language especially since the Second World War, is an indicator of the stress affecting the Maori community.

Nevertheless, Maori have succeeded in maintaining their distinctive identity, their Maoritanga, and these traditional values and institutions are the springboard for the current resurgence of Maori culture.

We learn from the passage that the first settlers of New Zealand were ______.

A．Kupe and his family

B．the descendants of Kupe

C．people from the tribe of Hawaiki

D．the Polynesian people

It can be inferred in lesson four that the most effective way of enhancing your interview performance is to keep practicing.()

Learning science helps children to develop ways of understanding the world around them. For this they have to build up concepts which help them link their experiences together; they must learn ways of gaining and organizing information and of applying and testing ideas. This contributes not only to children's ability to make better sense of things around them, but prepares them to deal more effectively with wider decision-making and problem-solving in their lives. Science is as basic a part of education as numeracy and literacy; it daily becomes more important as the complexity of technology increases and touches every part of our lives.

Learning science can bring a double benefit because science is both a method and a set of ideas; both a process and a product. The process of science provide a way of finding out information, testing ideas and seeking explanations. The products of science are ideas which can be applied in helping to understand new experiences.

The word "can" is used advisedly here; it indicates that there is the potential to bring these benefits but no guarantee that they will be realized without taking the appropriate steps. In learning science the development of the process side and the product side must go hand in hand; they are totally interdependent. This has important implications for the kinds of activities children need to encounter in their education. But before pursuing these implications, there are still two further important points which underline the value of including science in primary education.

The first is that whether we teach children science or not, they will be developing ideas about the world around from their earliest years. If these ideas are based on casual observation, non-investigated events and the acceptance of hearsay, then they are likely to be non-scientific, "everyday" ideas. There are plenty of such ideas around for children to pick up. My mother believed (and perhaps still does despite my efforts) that if the sun shines through the window on to the fire it puts the fire out, that cheese maggots (a common encounter in her youth when food was sold unwrapped)are made of cheese and develop spontaneously from it, that placing a lid on a pan of boiling water makes it boil at a lower temperature, that electricity travels more easily if the wires are not twisted. Similar myths still abound and no doubt influence children's attempts to make sense of their experience. As well as hearsay, left to themselves, children will also form. some ideas which seem unscientific; for example, that to make something move requires a force but to stop it needs no force. All these ideas could easily be put to the test; children's science education should make children want to do it. Then they not only have the chance to modify their ideas, but they learn to be skeptical about so-called "truths until these have been put to the test. Eventually they will realize that all ideas are working hypotheses which can never be proved right, but are useful as long as they fit the evidence of experience and experiment.

The importance of beginning this learning early in children's education is twofold. On the one hand the children begin to realize that useful ideas must fit the evidence; on the other hand they are less likely to form. and to accept everyday ideas which can be shown to be indirect conflict with evidence and scientific concepts. There are research findings to show that the longer the non-scientific ideas have been held, the more difficult they are to change. Many children come to secondary science, not merely lacking the scientific ideas they need, but possessing alternative ideas which are a barrier to understanding their science lessons.

The second point about starting to learn science, and to learn scientifically, at the primary level is connected with attitudes to the subject. There is evidence that attitudes to science se

A．the importance of science in human development

B．the proper ways of teaching children science

C．the necessity for children to learn science

D．the correct attitude to science as a subject in primary education

Hunting is at best a precarious way of procuring food, even when the diet is supplemented with

seeds and fruits. Not long after the last Ice Age, around 7,000 B.C. (during the Neolithic period),

some hunters and gatherers began to rely chiefly on agriculture for their sustenance. Others

continued the old pastoral and nomadic ways. Indeed, agriculture itself evolved over the courseof

(5) time, and Neolithic peoples had long known how to grow crops. The real transformation of human

life occurred when huge numbers of people began to rely primarily and permanently on the grain

they grew and the animals they domesticated.

Agriculture made possible a more stable and secure life. With it Neolithic peoples flourished,

fashioning an energetic, creative era. They were responsible for many fundamental inventions and

(10) innovations that the modern world takes for granted. First, obviously, is systematic agriculture--

that is, the reliance of Neolithic peoples on agriculture as their primary, not/nerely subsidiary,

source of food.

Thus they developed the primary economic activity of the entire ancient world and the basis of all

modern life. With the settled routine of Neolithic farmers came the evolution of towns and

(15) eventually cities. Neolithic farmers usually raised more food than they could consume, and their

surpluses permitted larger, healthier populations. Population growth in turn created an even

greater reliance on settled farming, as only systematic agriculture could sustain the increased

numbers of people. Since surpluses o food could also be bartered for other commodities, the

Neolithic era witnessed ihe beginnings of large-scale exchange of goods. In time the increasing

(20) complexity of Neolithic societies led to the development of writing, prompted by the need to keep

records and later by the urge to chronicle experiences, learning, and beliefs.

The transition to settled life also had a profound impact on the family. The shared needs and

pressures that encourage extended-family ties are less prominent in settled than in nomadic

societies. Bonds to the extended family weakened. In towns and cities, the nuclear family was

(25) more dependent on its immediate neighbors than on kinfolk.

What does the passage mainly discuss?

A．Why many human societies are dependent on agriculture

B．the changes agriculture brought to human life

C．How Neolithic peoples discovered agriculture

D．Why the first agricultural societies failed

By way of explanation the man produced all the following proofs EXCEPT______

A．strange marks close to the hole

B．strange hot gas

C．a slightly burnt small tree

D．a tiny piece of metal in the hole

The majority of university professors prefer the traditional way of lecturing in the belief that______.

A．it draws the close attention of the students

B．it conforms in a way to the design of the Creator

C．it helps students to comprehend abstract theories more easily

D．it presents course content in a scientific and objective manner

What is the main topic of the lecture?

A．The problems inherent in group decisions

B．Ways that individuals become popular in groups

C．The influence of groups on individual behavior

D．The differences in social influence across cultures