The basic tools of supply and demand apply to

听力原文：Millions of people around the world use Microsoft office, which comes with Microsoft Word for creating documents, Microsoft Excel spreadsheet, Outlook e-mail and other applications. But now Google is offering some of those same applications with its free, web-based services. Google launched it four years ago. But recently it launched a free spreadsheet program and word processing program that are acquired from another company. Together, they are now called Google Docs & Spreadsheets. Well, neither the word processing or spreadsheet pro- gram is as full-featured as Microsoft's offering, they do provide users with the basic tools they need to write and calculate. Perhaps more important, they also allow you to work from home, office or the road without having you save your files, because they are saved and backed up on Google secure servers. They are also easy to share, facilitating collaboration between people in different parts of the world.Of course, if you are not online, you don't have access. So forget about writing that letter or polishing off that spreadsheet at 37,000 feet.

What programs does google launch recently?

A．A free word processing program and excel program.

B．A free word processing program and excel program.'

C．A free spreadsheet program and word processing program.

D．A free spreadsheet program and excel program.

The invention of both labor-saving tools and tools of intelligence is rarely accidental. Instead, it is usually the product of human need; (21) is truly the mother of invention. People usually devise tools to (22) for natural deficiencies. For example, people invented weapons to defend (23) from physically superior (24) . But (25) is only one incentive for inventions. People also invent (26) tools to (27) certain established tasks more efficiently. For instance, people developed the bow and arrow from the (28) spear or javelin in order to shoot (29) and strike with greater strength.

(30) civilizations developed, greater work efficiency came to be demanded, and (31) tools became more (32) . A tool would (33) a function until it proved (34) in meeting human needs, at which point an improvement would be made. One impetus for invention has always been the (35) for speed and high-quality results--provided they are achieved (36) reasonable costs. Stone pebbles were sufficient to account for small quantities of possessions, (37) they were not efficient enough for performing sophisticated mathematics. However, beads arranged systematically evolved into the abacus. The (38) of this tool can be (39) to the development of commerce in the East around 3000 B.C., and the abacus is known (40) by the ancient Babylonians, Egyptians, Chinese, etc.

A．imagination

B．creativity

C．necessity

D．illusion

The invention of both labor-saving tools and tools of intelligence is rarely accidental. Instead, it is usually the product of human need;【C1】______is truly the mother of invention. People usually devise tools to【C2】______for natural deficiencies. For example, people invented weapons to defend【C3】______from physically superior【C4】______But【C5】______is only one incentive(鼓励)for inventions. People also invent【C6】______tools to【C7】______certain established tasks more effectively. For instance, people developed the bow and arrow from the【C8】______spear or javelin(标枪)in order to shoot【C9】______and strike with greater strength.【C10】______civilizations developed, greater work efficiency came to be demanded, and【C11】______tools became more【C12】______A tool would【C13】______a function until it proved【C14】______in meeting human needs, at which point an improvement would be made. One impetus(动力)for invention has always been the【C15】______for speed and high-quality results — provided they are achieved【C16】______reasonable costs. Stone pebbles were sufficient to account for small quantities of possessions,【C17】______they were not efficient enough for performing sophisticated mathematics. However, beads(念珠)arranged systematically evolved into the abacus(算盘). The【C18】______of this tool can be【C19】______to the development of commerce in the East around 3,000 BC and the abacus is known【C20】______by the ancient Babylonian, Egyptian, Chinese, etc.

【C1】

A．imagination

B．creativity

C．necessity

D．accident

It has become necessary to develop new and better tools of market research in order to______sales with greater certainty because production and purchasing has to be adjusted to sales expectations.

A．harness

B．calculate

C．forecast

D．promote

Stone does not decay, and so the tools of long ago have remained when even the bones of the men who made them have disappeared without trace.

From childhood to old age, we all use language as a means of broadening our knowledge and the world about us. When humans first 【C1】______ . they were like newborn children, unable to use this 【C2】______ tool. Yet once language developed, the possibilities for human kinds' future 【C3】______ and culture growth increased.

Many linguists believe that evolution is 【C4】______ for our ability to produce and use language. They 【C5】______ that our highly evolved brain provides us 【C6】______ innate language ability not found in lower 【C7】______ . Proponents of this innate- ness theory say that our 【C8】______ for language is inborn, but that language itself develops gradually, 【C9】______ a function of the growth of the brain during childhood. Therefore there are critical 【C10】______ times for language development.

Current 【C11】______ of innateness theory are mixed, however, evidence supporting the existence of some innate abilities is undeniable. 【C12】______ more and more schools are discovering that foreign languages are best taught in 【C13】______ grades. Young children often can learn several languages by being 【C14】______ to them, while adults have a much harder time learning another language once the 【C15】______ of their first language have been firmly fixed.

【C16】______ some aspects of language are undeniably innate, language does not develop automatically in a vacuum. Children who have been 【C17】______ from other human beings do not possess language.. This demonstrates that 【C18】______ with other human beings is necessary for proper language developments. Some linguists believe that this is even more basic to human language 【C19】______ than any innate capacities. These theories view language as imitative, learned behavior. 【C20】______ , children learn language from their parents by imitating them. Parents gradually shape their child's language skills by positively reinforcing precise imitations and negatively reinforcing imprecise ones.

【C1】

A．originated

B．born

C．evolved

D．generated

Cutting Your Own CD

If your dream in life is to walk into a record store and see your very own CD on the shelf... get in line. This happens for only a very lucky few. But recent advances in technology make it pretty easy for you to achieve the dream of producing and recording your own CD. With the right equipment and software, if you can move a mouse or press a button you can record your own CD.

If you have a computer, all you really have to do is buy some software. If you want to make a small investment, there are digital recorders on the market that will take care of everything for you recording, mixing, mastering and burning, all in one neat package (though you do have to play your own instruments).

In this article, you'll find out the basics of CD production, from planning to recording to understanding the tools of the trade. There was a time when producing your own CD meant serious cash. You had to pay for studio time, studio engineers, studio musicians (if you're a solo artist) and duplicating your recording.

In the 1970s, when cassette tapes became cheap, available and recordable, people could distribute their own music and make cheap copies of anything. But the sound quality left something to be desired. Now, even the novice musician can produce a CD with a high sound quality.

Recording your own CD, unlike using a studio, is not insanely expensive. You can record your own high-quality digital CD with your own inexpensive equipment out of your own house, garage, basement, at tic ...

And for the technologically impaired (弱的), there's more good news: You don't need any special skills to record your own CD. Recording machines of the past required the skills of a studio engineer. Things have changed. With the use of computers and digital recording systems, all that's required is the ability to read and follow instructions. Another benefit of doing it yourself is that you can totally control your own music. And since it costs next to nothing to burn copies of your CD, you can easily give them to friends and acquaintances--shameless self-promotion is entirely encouraged--and sell them at performances or on the Internet for a profit.

There are really only four steps involved here; recording, mixing, mastering, and burning. You just need equipment that will perform. these four tasks. There are three basic ways you can go about this. Component-Based Hardware System--this system involves separate pieces of recording, mixing, effect and CD-burning hardware, so you're dealing with an assortment of equipment.

Computer-Based Recording System--almost any powerful computer can run recording and CD--burning software. Many of these programs will let you mix the music and create effects. The costs here are lower than for a component-based set-up.

Studio Workstation--this type of equipment provides almost everything you need to cut your own CD in one portable unit. Getting equipped, you can begin the four steps now.

Recording. Whether we're talking vocals (声乐作品), guitar, drums, whatever, a recording device eaves the individual tracks and lets you play them back. Depending on the recorder, you might be saving the sound on a hard disk. a memory card, a digital tape or a CD. So you'll need a way to capture the sound and route it to the recorder (the studio workstation, mixer or computer is the recorder by the way).

When you record vocals, you'll capture the sound using a microphone. The microphone will be connected to an input jack(插孔) on your computer, mixer or studio workstation. The noise you make gets into the recording equipment through this input jack.

When you want to record electric instruments, the process is pretty much the same. Instead of using a microphone, you just plug your electric guitar, electric bass, drum machine or synthesi

A．Y

B．N

C．NG

Paragraph 4___.

A. Keprike’s research tool

B. Dangers of Habitual shortages of sleep

C. Criticism on Kripke’s report

D. A way of overcoming insomnia

E. Sleep problems of long and short sleepers

F. Classification of sleep problems