In the UK today ________.

If Aristotle wanted to work in a university in the UK today, he would have a good chance of teaching computer science but would not be so readily employable as a philosopher. ( Passage 2)

It is impossible to find out exactly how many volunteers are at work today in the United States. Thirty-seven million or so are known to belong to organizations like the Pink Ladies, Travelers' Aid, or Big Brothers; but those who work alone or in small informal groups cannot be counted. The total number of men and women who give their time to help others appears to be between fifty and sixty-eight million.

Volunteers start community projects too small to attract the attention of organized agencies, or work at jobs for which no funds are available. A handful of city folk will turn an empty lot into a playground for the children of their neighborhood; others decide to repair and paint a few dilapidated houses in their street. Somewhere else women cook and deliver two hot meals a day to elderly people living alone, and too sick or too tired to prepare their own food. Another group calls lonely old people once a day to chat a little and find out if they are all right. Some college students teach English, mathematics, or drawing to the inmates of a local jail. Young men and women spend part of their weekends collecting empty cans and bottles for the recycling center of their community, and some children pick up the trash left on the beach by the crowd of a summer holiday. Anywhere one looks, the army of volunteers is hard at work—not Only in the United States, but also in many other countries where volunteerism is spreading.

Fifteen years ago, the typical volunteer was a married woman between twenty-five and forty-five, who had children in school and time on her hands. She was rather well educated, with a high-school or a college degree, and she didn't need to earn a salary. She was therefore free to devote her time and talents to those who seemed to need them. Some women volunteered out of boredom, because they needed to find an occupation outside their house. But the great majority were prompted only by the desire to relieve some distress, to be useful. There have always been such women ready to give of themselves unselfishly and quietly. At the beginning of the American Civil War, around 1846, a schoolteacher named Clara Barton undertook to deliver to wounded soldiers all sorts of supplies-food, clothes, tobacco, and even medicine—that they could not get easily. She paid for these out of her own money at first, and later from the funds that she could collect from other generous people. She also ventured on the battlefields, during or after battles, to help the wounded and the dying. After the war, the government asked her to help search for missing soldiers. She helped later in other wars in Europe and attracted a number of women willing to share her work. The group grew and eventually became the American Red Cross, which now counts about 1,140,000 volunteers, with a budget of eighty-two million dollars, all from voluntary contributions.

Another pioneer of the same period, Dorothea Dix, fought to improve the living conditions in the hospitals for the mentally iii, which were not well run at the time. Her efforts finally caused state governments to take financial responsibility for these institutions. Many organizations have been launched by a determined group of volunteers, from the Boy Scouts and Girl Scouts of America to the Sierra Club, devoted to the protection of nature, and to the Gray Panthers, who fight discrimination against the elderly and try to keep them active, happy, and politically important by encouraging them to vote.

According to the passage, all the following statements are true EXCEPT______.

A．the exact number of volunteers in America is difficult to find out

B．there are thirty-seven million volunteers at work in the United States

C．American Red Cross counts about 1,140,000 volunteers with a large budget

D．the total number of volunteers in America ranges from fifty to sixty-eight million

It is impossible to find out exactly how many volunteers are at work today in the United States. Thirty-seven million or so are known to belong to【C1】______like the Pink Ladies, Travelers' Aid, or Big Brothers', but those who work【C2】______or in small informal groups cannot be【C3】______. The total number of men and women who give their time to help others appears to be between fifty and sixty-eight million.

They do almost anything: they sew, clean,【C4】______, paint, cook, repair things,【C5】______books for the blind,【C6】______sick children in hospitals, or【C7】______senior citizens who do not want to go out alone. They give their blood; they work in libraries and schools; they【C8】______documents for new citizens with a language problem or【C9】______money to support local symphony orchestras; they answer the telephone calls of the【C10】______who are thinking of killing themselves, and who need a friendly【C11】______.

Volunteers start community projects too small to attract the attention of organized agencies, or work at jobs【C12】______no funds are available. A(n)【C13】______of city folk will turn an empty【C14】______into a playground for the children of their neighborhood; others decide to repair and paint a few dilapidated houses in their street.【C15】______Women cook and【C16】______two hot meals a day to elderly people【C17】______alone, and too sick or too tired to prepare their own food.【C18】______group calls lonely old people once a day to chat a little and【C19】______if they are all right. Some college students teach English, mathematics, or drawing to the inmates of a local jail. Anywhere one looks, the【C20】______of volunteers is hard at work--not only in the United States, but in many other countries where "volunteerism" is spreading.

【C1】

A．institutions

B．organizations

C．divisions

D．unions

Task 1

Directions: After reading the following passage, you will find 5 questions or unfinished statements, numbered 36 through 40. For each question or statement there are 4 choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should make the correct choice.

Traditionally, universities have carried out two main activities: research and teaching. Many experts would argue that both these activities play a critical role in serving the community. The fundamental question, however, is: how does the community want or need to be served?

In recent years universities have been coming under increasing pressure from both the governments, and the public to ensure that they do not remain "ivory towers"(象牙塔) of study separated from the realities of everyday life. University teachers have been encouraged, and in some cases constrained(强逼), to provide more courses which produce graduates with the technical skills required for the commercially useful purpose. If Aristotle wanted to work in university in the UK today, he would have a good chance of teaching computer science but would not be so readily employable as a philosopher.

A postindustrial society requires large numbers of computer programmers, engineers, managers and technicians to maintain and develop its economic growth but "man", as the Bible says, "does not live by bread alone." Apart from requiring medical and social services, which do not directly contribute to economic growth, the society should also value and enjoy literature, music and the arts. A successful musical play, for instance, can contribute as much to the Gross National Product through tourist dollars as any other things.

The main idea of the first paragraph is that ______.

A．universities must meet the needs of the society

B．universities play an important role in our society

C．research and teaching are of great importance in universities

D．traditional universities do a good job serving the society

Traditionally, universities have carried out two main activities: research and teaching. Many experts would argue that both these activities play a critical role in serving the community. The fundamental question, however, is how does the community want or need to be served?

In recent years universities have been coming under increasing pressure from both the governments and the public to ensure that they do not remain "ivory towers (象牙塔)" of study separated from the realities of everyday life. University teachers have been encouraged, and in some cases constrained (强逼), to provide more courses which produce graduates with the technical skills required for the commercial use. (78) If Aristotle wanted to work in a university in the UK today, he would have a good chance of teaching computer science but would not be so readily employable as a philosopher.

A post-industrial society requires large numbers of computer programmers, engineers, managers and technicians to maintain and develop its economic growth but "man", as the Bible says, "does not live by bread alone. " (79) Apart from requiring medical and social services, which do not directly contribute to economic growth, the society should also value and enjoy literature, music and the arts. Because they can also promote economic growth. A successful musical play, for instance, can contribute as much to the Gross National Product through tourist dollars as any other things.

The main idea of the first paragraph is that ______

A．traditional universities do a good job serving the society

B．universities must meet the needs of the society

C．research and teaching are of great importance in universities

D．universities play an important role in our society

Traditionally, universities have carried out two main activities: research and teaching. Many experts would argue that both these activities play a critical role in serving the community. The fundamental question, however, is how does the community want or need to be served?

In recent years universities have been coming under increasing pressure from both the governments and the public to ensure that they do not remain "ivory towers" (象牙塔) of study separated from the realities of everyday life. University teachers have been encouraged, and in some cases compelled, to provide more courses which produce graduates with the technical skills required for the commercial use. If Aristotle wanted to work in university in the UK today, he would have a good chance of teaching computer science but would not be so readily employable as a philosopher.

A post-industrial society requires large numbers of computer programmers, engineers, managers and technicians to maintain and develop its economic growth but "man" , as the Bible says, "does not live by bread alone. " Apart from requiring medical and social services, which do not directly contribute to economic growth, the society should also value and enjoy literature, music and the arts. In these cost-conscious times, it has even been pointed out in justification for the funding of the arts that they can be useful money earners. A successful musical play, for instance, can contribute as much to the Gross National Product through tourist dollars as any other things.

We can know from the first paragraph that the author______.

A．believes traditional universities have done a good job serving the community

B．believes it remains to be discussed how universities should meet the needs of society

C．thinks some experts require too much of universities

D．thinks universities should do more than just research and teach

根据以下内容回答题：

Traditionally．universities have carried out two main activities：research and teaching．Many expels would argue that both these activities play a critical role in serving the communi-ty．The fundamental question，however，is how does the community want or need to be served?

In recent years universities have been coming under increasing pressure from both the govemments and the public to ensure that they do not remain…ivory towers”(象牙之塔)of study separated from the realities of everyday life．University teachers have been encouraged，and in some cases compelled，to provide more courses which produce graduates with the techni-cal skills required for the commercial use．If Aristotle wanted to work in university in the uk today，he would have a good chance of teaching computer science but would not be so rea．Dily employable as a philosopher．

A post．industrial society requires large numbers of computer programmers，engineers，managers and technicians to maintain and develop its economic growth but“man”，as the Bible says，“does not live by bread alone．”Apart from requiring medical and social services，which do not directly contribute to economic growth，the society should also value and enjoy litera-ture．music and the arts．In these cost-conscious times，it has even been pointed out in justifi-cation for the funding of the arts that they can be useful money earners．A successful musical play，for instance，can contribute as much to the Gross National Product through tourist dollars as any other things．

We can know from the first paragraph that the author__________ ． 查看材料

A.believes traditional’universities have done a good job serving the community

B.believes it remains to be discussed how universities should meet the needs of society

C.thinks some experts require too much of universities

D.thinks universities should do more than just research and teaching

阅读材料，回答题。

Traditionally,universities have carried out two main activities: research and teaching. Many expertswould argue that both these activities play a critical role in serving thecommunity. The fundamental question, however, is how does the community want orneed to be served?

In recent years universitieshave been coming under increasing pressure from both the governments and thepublic to ensure that they do not remain "ivory towers(象牙塔)"of study separated from the realities of everyday life. University teachershave been encouraged, and in some casesconstrained (强迫),to provide more cofrses which produce graduates with the technical skills requiredfor the commercial use. If Aristotle wanted to work in a university in the UKtoday, he would have a good chance of teaching computer science but would notbe so readily employable asa philosopher.

A post-industrialsociety requires large numbers of computer programmers, engineers, managers andtechnicians to maintain and develop its economic growth but "man", asthe Bible says, "does not live by bread alone. " Apart from requiringmedical and social services, which do not directly contribute to economicgrowth, the society should also value and enjoy literature, music and the arts.Because they can also promote economic growth. A successful musical play, forinstance, can contribute as much to the Gross National Product through touristdollars as any other things.

The main idea of thefirst paragraph is that________ 查看材料

A.traditional universities do a good job serving the society

B.universities must meet the needs of the society

C.research and teaching are of great importance inuniversities

D.universities play an important role in our society

Passage Three

Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.

①The long summer holidays are finally over and some parents are pleased. “We worry more about their safety in the holidays,” explains one mother from North London. If teenagers are not wandering around on public transport in a big and potentially dangerous city, they are chatting to strangers in an internet chat room! Well, that’s an extreme picture of the UK today, but many parents are worried about how much freedom they can give their children during the holidays and at weekends.

②Weekends are not the only time to worry! Newspaper are full of stories about too many school kids going to school by car because their parents do not want them to travel alone on a bus or train. This summer there were more frightening stories of teenagers disappearing with questionable friends that they met on the net. All the Media stories help increase parents fears, but is the UK really so dangerous?

③Many young people feel that life for their parents was easier. In the 1960s young people played in the streets more and traveled around town without their parents. “At least our parents can keep tabs on us（keep a tab/tabs on sth/sb>>keep account of , keep under observation）,” says 16-year-old Julia. “So many people have mobile phones now and their parents ring to find out where they are. I use my mobile to get Dad to come to the station when I arrive late.” Mobiles are not just expensive toys; they help keep young people safe. Most significantly, they make parents feel better. Only one problem is, though, that some young people have been attacked by thieves who want to steal their mobile phones.

④Young people like going out with friends, but they now need to learn how to get home safely. Five million young people in the UK between the ages of 9 to 16 use chat rooms to make friends, but they, too, need to be careful and never give their personal details to a stranger. Young people today have more opportunities to meet new people and go out at night more than their parents ever did. Now school, television programs and newspapers must help teenagers to enjoy their freedom and to be responsible for their own safety.

31. Some parents are upset about the summer holidays mainly because their children ______.

A. wander around on bus in the city

B. chat to strangers in Internet chat rooms

C. make questionable friends on the net

D. are taken little care of by teachers

Japanese Computer Is World's Fastest, as U.S. Falls Back

The world's fastest computer

A Japanese laboratory has built the world's fastest computer, a machine so powerful that it matches the raw processing power of the 20 fastest American computers combined and far outstrips the previous leader, an 1. B. M. -built machine.

The achievement, which was reported today by an American scientist who tracks the performance of the world's most powerful computers, is evidence that a technology race that most American engineers thought they were winning handily is far from over. American companies have built the fastest computers for most of the last decade. The accomplishment is also a vivid statement of contrasting scientific and technology priorities in the United States and Japan. The Japanese machine was built to analyze climate change, including global warming, as well as weather and earthquake patterns. By contrast, the United States has predominantly focused its efforts on building powerful computers for simulating weapons, while its efforts have lagged in scientific areas like climate modeling.

A competition between Japan and U. S.

For some American computer scientists, the arrival of the Japanese supercomputer evokes the type of alarm raised by the Soviet Union's Sputnik(人造地求卫星)satellite in 1957.

Several United States computer scientists said the Japanese machine reflected differences in style. and commitment that suggest that United States research and spending efforts have grown complacent (自满的)in recent years. For now, the new computer will be used only for climate research, and American scientists have already begun preparing to move some of their climate simulation research to run on the Japanese machine.

"The Japanese clearly have a level of will that we haven't achieved," said Thomas Sterling, a computer designer at the California Institute of Technology. "These guys are blowing us out of the water, and we need to sit up and take notice."

Wide applications of the magic power

The new Japanese supercomputer will have both scientific and practical applications. It will be used for advanced modeling of theories about global warming and climate change, and it will be able to predict short-term weather patterns.

Advances in computer speed today routinely extend computer simulation into all areas of science and engineering as complex calculations take an increasingly shorter time. Because increases in computing power tend to have exponential (指数的)results, a problem that could take years for even the fastest computers today might be finished in hours on the new Japanese computer.

The ability to track the path of a typhoon, for example, is of immediate relevance to the island nation of Japan. Improved prediction made possible by a more powerful computer might save lives and property.

Computer simulation has become a standard tool in both science and modern design of products ranging from drugs to bicycles. Computers that are more powerful make possible simulations that are more accurate and can reduce cost and increase efficiency. At one time, for example, computers were capable of computing the flow of air over a single airplane wing but can now cover the entire aircraft.

The new Japanese supercomputer was financed by the Japanese government and has been installed at the Earth Simulator Research and Development Center in Yokohama (横滨), west of Tokyo. The Japanese government spent $ 350 million to $ 400 million developing the system over the last five years, according to Dr. Akira Sekino, president and chief executive of HNSX Supercomputers, a unit of the NEC Corporation based in Littleton, Colo.

The new computer was formally dedicated last month, and the Japan Marine Science and Technology Center said yesterday that the mac

A．Y

B．N

C．NG