4. The ribbon reefs are the outer limits of _________________________________________________.

A、to explain how the research was conducted

B、to examine the current state of the relevant publications on a given topic

C、to renew the knowledge of a certain area

D、to provide a comprehensive list of supporting references

Case 1: There are two types of surrogacy. One type involves a surrogate mother who uses her own egg and carries the baby for someone else. The other type is a "gestational surrogacy" in which the mother has no genetic tie to the child she carries. In the case presented, a gestational surrogate is used. A woman, after a bout with uterine cancer had a hysterectomy (surgical removal of the uterus). Before, its removal, however, she had several eggs removed for possible fertilization in the future. Now married, the woman wishes to have a child with her husband. Obviously she cannot bear the child herself, so the couple utilizes a company to find a surrogate mother for them. The husband's sperm is used to fertilize one of the wife's eggs, and is implanted in the surrogate mother. The couple pays all of the woman's pregnancy-related expenses and an extra $18,000 as compensation for her surrogacy. After all expenses are taken into account the couple pays the woman approximately $31,000 and the agency approximately $5,000. Though the surrogate passed stringent mental testing to ensure she was competent to carry another couple's child, after carrying the pregnancy to term, the surrogate says that she has become too attached to "her" child to give it up to the couple. A legal battle ensues. 1. In many countries, it is illegal to pay a person for non-replenishable organs. The fear is that money will influence the poor to harm their bodies for the benefit of the rich. Do you see a parallel between this case and this law? Can allowing surrogate mothers to be paid for their troubles allow poorer women to be oppressed? why? 2. Does paying the surrogate harm her and/or the child's dignity? Why? 3. Is it selfish/conceited for this couple to want children of their own genetic make-up? If yes, does this change if you can "easily" have a child? Why? 4. One of the main arguments against the use of surrogate mothers is that carrying and giving birth to a child is such an emotional event that it is impossible to determine if the surrogate will be able to give up the child. Though adults enter into the contract, the child could ultimately suffer if a long custody battle ensues (as it could in states where surrogacy contracts hold no legal value, such as Virginia). With the possibility of such battles, do you think it is acceptable for parents to use a surrogate mother? Why? 5. Who do you think should receive the child, and why?

The following sentences are taken from a report on Global Greenhouse Gas Emissions Data. The pie chart shows the emissions by countries. Identify the corresponding stages of the sentences describing the pie chart and re-order them to make the description logical.Source: Boden, T.A., Marland, G., and Andres, R.J. (2015). National CO2 Emissions from Fossil-Fuel Burning, Cement Manufacture, and Gas Flaring: 1751-2011, Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, doi 10.3334/CDIAC/00001_V2015 ? These data include CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion, as well as cement manufacturing and gas flaring. ? Together, these sources represent a large proportion of total global CO2 emissions. ? In areas such as the United States and Europe, changes in land use associated with human activities have the net effect of absorbing CO2, partially offsetting the emissions from deforestation in other regions. ? In 2011, the top carbon dioxide (CO2) emitters were China, the United States, the European Union, India, the Russian Federation, Japan, and Canada. ? However, changes in land use can be important: estimates indicate that net global greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture, forestry, and other land use were over 8 billion metric tons of CO2 equivalent, or about 24% of total global greenhouse gas emissions. ? Emissions and sinks related to changes in land use are not included in these estimates. Order the sentences in the following form: 2-3-1-4...

Which of the following statements are TRUR and which are FALSE? Why? （要解释原因） a. All normal children have equal ability in learning their first language. b. It is easy for parents to teach their children grammar. c. The young child is not taught to speak, or to understand his language. There is no formal learning of grammar or pronunciation practice. d. At first children do not inflect nouns or verbs. e. Children learn their native language well whenever they start and whatever kinds of language samples they receive. f. For a child to acquire his mother tongue the most basic requirement is that he hears people speaking this language. He will then begin to learn the language. g. Phonology and grammar are finite, tightly structures systems, the child must master them before puberty in order to be a native speaker of the language.

正误判断题： If you travel by air across the center of Africa or South America, you fly over forests for thousands of kilometers. These great forests are the oceans of trees. There are thousands and thousands of different kinds of plants and animals. However, the world's forests are getting smaller all the time. We are cutting down the trees because we need wood, and we need more farmland. Some people say that there will not be any forests like these in 20 or 30 years. What will happen if they disappear? If we cut down our forests, a lot of plants and animals will disappear from the world. In a lot of places the new farmland will soon look like the old deserts. Crops will not grow there. It will not rain very often, and the weather will get very hot. Perhaps the climate of the world will change. This will be dangerous for everyone in the world. That is why we must take care of our forests. (以下为试题题干)The need for more wood and more land help to protect our forests.()

A、ADRs

B、ETFs

C、single-country funds

D、none of the above

A、drive them

B、steer them

C、show them the way

D、instruct them