interaction:________________（v.)

The Interaction of Body and Mind

The concept of psychosomatic illness

Psycho, refers to mind, and soma, to body. Psychosomatic illness is the occurrence of bodily symptoms(症状) which are psychological or emotional in origin.

Mind and body are not separate; one affects and is affected by the other. Who has not experienced some physical manifestation of emotional stress? Such experiences as a headache after a quarrel and urinary frequency or diarrhea before an examination are not uncommon, and for most people they are of a temporary nature. The symptoms disappear and are forgotten after the crisis has passed. No treatment may be needed, or the patient may use simple remedies to relieve the discomfort. One person may find that a leisurely walk is the best cure for a headache; another may take aspirin.

Certain conditions have been considered classic examples of psychosomatic illness: pepticulcer, eczema, colitis, and asthma. Personality profiles have been developed to describe the typical characteristics of persons who develop such illness. Another point of view is that human beings are more complex and varied in their responses than such profiles would indicate, and that the type of illness a patient develops in relation to stress varies with many additional factors, such as heredity and environment. Much remains to be learned about the relationship between stress and physical illness.

Physical symptoms, such as palpitation, sweating, or disturbance of sleep, which reflect anxiety, may occur over a prolonged period. The symptoms may seem mysterious and threatening, because the patient is unaware of their cause. The patient whose heart beats more rapidly and forcefully as a manifestation of anxiety may report this symptom to his doctor, believing that something is wrong with his heart. Often the patient is not aware that he is anxious. He knows only that his heart keeps pounding for no apparent reason.

Almost any symptom can have its origin in emotional stress. Some patients almost invariably have the same stress when they become anxious. One may have diarrhea, another asthma, and a third may develop hives or eczema. Some people develop two or several different symptoms; often the symptoms are experienced in an alternating fashion.

The development of bodily symptoms is only one manifestation of anxiety. It may show up also symptoms that are primarily mental, such as the inability to concentrate or to remember. Such symptom too, vary in degree. Many people occasionally experience symptoms like moodiness or depression. When such symptoms are severe or long- lasting, they interfere with the functioning of individual in daily life and with his relationship with others.

Sometimes a person subconsciously develops an illness as a way of handling a desperate need, such as the need for affection. The only real cure is to satisfy the primary desire. An example is a woman who has pain in her heart, not because of organic heart disease, but because the symptom is a way of gaining, if only temporarily, the love and attention for which she longs. Her husband cannot leave her when she is so sick; her children are concerned. Her pain is just as severe as if it had a physical cause.

The reality of psychosomatic illness

Is the patient with psychosomatic illness really sick, or does he merely imagine he is sick? Many people, including the families of patients and members of the health professions, believe that physical illness which is influenced by emotional stress is less real, or wholly imaginary. Acknowledging the reality of the patients' illness is important; it is the first step in helping him.

Patients with psychosomatic illness are likely to be neglected. The same staff who give excellent care to other patients, not uncommonly ignore them. Some possible reasons may include the use of the term psycho as a prefix. Perhaps this conveys the idea

A．Y

B．N

C．NG

YourcompanyhasasingleActiveDirectoryDomainServices（ADDS）domainand1，000Windows7computers.Youareplanningtodeployacustomapplication.Youneedtoschedulethedeploymenttooccuroutsideofbusinesshoursandwithoutuserinteraction.Whichdeploymentmethodshouldyouchoose？（）

A.softwareinstallationwithGroupPolicy

B.MicrosoftApplicationVirtualization（App-V）

C.LiteTouchInstallation

D.softwaredeploymentwithMicrosoftSystemCenterConfigurationManager2007

Looking to improve your language skills, but you dont have the time to go abroad to attendschool? More and more universities around the world are offering opportunities for students to getdegrees online (distance education) from the comfort of their own homes, and many of these colle-ges and universities are accredited (官方认可的), meaning that they have met certain standards ofexcellence. If you decide to take language courses online (or any subject for that matter), be sure thereare advantages in studying online. Its costs are usually lower, and you can study at your own pace(节奏), and you can easily get the materials 24 hours a day from almost any computer in theworld. However, you wont get the human interaction (互动) of meeting people face to face, asyou would if you were attending a school abroad in person. On the other hand, the advantages of going abroad may include day-to-day chances to learn anew culture, to meet new friends with whom you can use and practice the language, and to see dif-ferent parts of the world. However, there may be a number of disadvantages for some students, in-cluding high costs, time away from ones school, family, or work life, and difficulty in gettingused to a new culture and way of life. Whatever you do, consider a distance education program that meets your educational needs, iswhat you can afford, and equally important, provides you with chances tobeyond the class-room through cultural and educational activities. 根据材料请回答下列各 What is the purpose of the author in writing the text?

A.To discuss ways of improving language skills.

B.To persuade people to go abroad to attend universities.

C.To advise readers to meet different people from abroad.

D.To introduce online programs to people unable to go abroad.

Professor Barry Wellman of the University of Toronto in Canada has invented a term to describe the way many north Americans interact these days. The term is " networked individualism". This concept is not easy to understand because the words seem to have opposite meanings. How can we be individuals and be networked at the same time? You need other people for networks.

Here is what Professor Wellman means. Before the invention of the Internet and e-mail, our social networks involved live interactions with relatives, neighbors, and colleagues at work. Some of the interaction was by phone, but it was still voice to voice, person to person, in real time.

A recent research study by the Pew Internet and American Life Project showed that for a lot of people, electronic interaction through the computer has replaced this person-to-person interaction. However, a lot of people interviewed for the Pew study say that's a good thing. Why?

In the past, many people were worried that the Internet isolated us and caused us to spend too much time in the imaginary world of the computer. But the Pew study discovered that the opposite is true. The Internet connects us with more real people than expected helpful people who can give advice on careers, medical problems, raising children, and choosing a school or college. About 60 million Americans told Pew that the Internet plays an important role in helping them make major life decisions.

Thanks to the computer, "networked individuals" are able to be alone and together with other people—at the same time .

The Pew study was conducted in______.

A．The United States

B．Canada

C．The U. S. and Canada

D．Europe

Professor Barry Wellman of the University of Toronto in Canada has invented a term to describe the way many north Americans interact these days. The term is " networked individualism". This concept is not easy to understand because the words seem to have opposite meanings. How can we be individuals and be networked at the same time? You need other people for networks.

Here is what Professor Wellman means. Before the invention of the Internet and e-mail, our social networks involved live interactions with relatives, neighbors, and colleagues at work. Some of the interaction was by phone, but it was still voice to voice, person to person, in real time.

A recent research study by the Pew Internet and American Life Project showed that for a lot of people, electronic interaction through the computer has replaced this person-to-person interaction. However, a lot of people interviewed for the Pew study say that's a good thing. Why?

In the past, many people were worried that the Internet isolated us and caused us to spend too much time in the imaginary world of the computer. But the Pew study discovered that the opposite is true. The Internet connects us with more real people than expected helpful people who can give advice on careers, medical problems, raising children, and choosing a school or college. About 60 million Americans told Pew that the Internet plays an important role in helping them make major life decisions.

Thanks to the computer, "networked individuals" are able to be alone and together with other people—at the same time .

The Pew study was conducted in______.

A．The United States

B．Canada

C．The U. S. and Canada

D．Europe

What does the professor mean when he says this:

A．He does not think the students need to learn about the Pueblo.

B．He wants the students to comment on what he has just said.

C．He thinks he has digressed from the main subject.

D．He wants to talk more about interactions between the Pueblo and Navajo.

The writer thinks that the use of modern technology will

A．speed up the process of language interpretation.

B．never replace the need for face-to-face interaction.

C．help solve the problems involved in maintaining strong teams.

D．not lead to greater communication between companies and clients.