To increase efficiency, they replaced the permanent staff ______ part-timers.

The number of permanent crew on the International Space Station will be increased, and possibly doubled, from 2006 by providing it with an extra "lifeboat". The move, announced in Japan last week by the ISS partner nations, means the space station crew will at last be able to do useful scientific research.

The number of crew on the ISS has been limited to three by the capacity of the Russian Soyuz capsules that would return them to Earth in an emergency. But running the ISS requires the full-time attention of more than two crew members, leaving just half the time of one of the crew free for research. This is woefully inadequate, and a NASA-commissioned report concluded in July that no meaningful research is possible with a three-person crew.

NASA originally planned to replace the Soyuz rescue capsule with a seven-person "crew return vehicle", which would have allowed the ISS to carry a significantly larger permanent crew. But faced with a $ 5 billion budget overrun, the agency cancelled the project last year.

Then last month NASA announced plans for an orbital spaceplane as a successor to the ageing fleet of space shuttles. This could double as a rescue vehicle for at least six people, but it will not be ready until 2010.

Waiting for the spaceplane could be a big problem as Soyuz capsules have only a six-month lifespan and the Russian agreement to supply them expires in 2006. This could leave a four-year gap with no guaranteed rescue vehicle for the ISS, and hence no crew. Russia has already warned that cash shortages could force it to stop making the capsules.

If the cash can be raised, however, the new plan is to permanently station two Soyuz capsules at the ISS, raising the rescue capacity to six. The ISS's Russian-built modules have three ports where Soyuz can dock, one of which is usually used for uncrewed cargo modules.

The first paragraph of the passage suggests that ______.

A．a crew of six is ideal for ISS

B．now crew at the ISS don't have adequate equipment to do research

C．at present crew at the ISS do very little scientific research

D．the ISS headquarters moved to Japan last week

A．It is a new one with only 2 editors.

B．It takes him on the permanent staff.

C．It controls the final look of his works.

D．It has a nurturing environment.

A．To issue a statement to denounce genocide and war crimes.

B．To set up a permanent criminal court to punish heinous crimes.

C．To ratify a treaty establishing an international criminal court.

D．To appeal to other countries to sign up the treaty.

Survey results indicate that smoking and alcohol and marijuana use increased among residents of Manhattan during the 5-8 weeks after the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Centre which took place on September 11,2001. Almost one third of the nearly 1,000 persons interviewed reported an increased use of alcohol, marijuana, or cigarettes following the September 11th attacks. The largest increase was in alcohol use. About one fourth of the respondents said they were drinking more alcohol in the weeks after September 11; about 10% re-ported an increase in smoking, and 3.2% said they had increased their use of marijuana.

The investigators found survey participants by randomly dialing New York City phone numbers and screened potential respondents for Manhattan residents living in areas close to the World Trade Centre. Interviews were conducted with 988 individuals between October 16 and November 15,2001. Participants were asked about their cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, and marijuana use habits before and after September 11. During the week prior to September 11,2001, 22.6% of the participants reported smoking , cigarettes 59.1% drinking alcohol, and 4.4% using marijuana. After September 11th, 23.4% reported smoking cigarettes, 64.4% drinking alcohol, and 5.7% smoking marijuana. Among those who smoked, almost 10% reported smoking at least an extra pack of cigarettes a week and among those who drank alcohol, more than 20% reported imbibing at least one extra drink a day.

The researchers found that people who reported an increase in substance abuse were more likely to suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and from depression. People who reported an increase in cigarette smoking or marijuana use were also more likely to have both PTSD and depression, while those who reported an increase in alcohol use were more likely to have depression only. Persons who were living closer to the World Trade Centre were more likely to increase their cigarette smoking, but other factors such as being displaced from home, losing possessions during the attacks, or being involved in the rescue efforts were not consistently associated with increased substance use. Symptoms of panic attack were associated with an increase in the use of all substances.

Increase in substance abuse did not differ significantly between men and women or among racial or ethnic groups. Demographic factors such as age, marital status, and income seemed to play a more critical role in determining if the events of September 11th led to an increase in substance use.

The survey results suggest that the largest increase in substance use was ______ .

A．alcohol

B．marijuana

C．cigarettes

D．cocaine

Survey results indicate that smoking and alcohol and marijuana(大麻) use increased among residents of Manhattan during the 5～8 weeks after the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center which took place on September 11, 2001. Almost one third of the nearly 1,000 persons interviewed reported an increased use of alcohol, marijuana, or cigarettes following the September 11th attacks. The largest increase was in alcohol use. 1About one fourth of the respondents said they were drinking more alcohol in the weeks after September 11; about 10% reported an increase in smoking, and 3.2% said they had increased their use of marijuana.

The investigators found survey participants by randomly dialing New York City phone numbers and screened (筛选) potential respondents for Manhattan residents living in areas close to the World Trade Center. Interviews were conducted with 988 individuals between October 16 and November 15, 2001. Participants were asked about their cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, and marijuana use habits before and after September 11. During the week prior to September 11, 2001, 22.6% of the participants reported smoking cigarettes, 59.1% drinking alcohol, and 4.4% using marijuana. After September 11th, 23.4% reported smoking cigarettes, 64.4% drinking alcohol, and 5.7% smoking marijuana. Among those who smoked, almost 10% reported smoking at least an extra pack of cigarettes a week and among those who drank alcohol, more than 20% reported drinking at least one extra drink a day.

The researchers found that people who reported an increase in substance abuse were more likely to suffer from post traumatic(外伤的)stress disorder (PTSD) and from depression. People who reported an increase in cigarette smoking or marijuana use were also more likely to have both P1SD and depression, while those who reported an increase in alcohol use were more likely to have depression only. Persons who were living closer to the World Trade Center were more likely to increase their cigarette smoking, but other factors such as being displaced from home, losing possessions during the attacks, or being involved in the rescue efforts were not consistently associated with increased substance use. Symptoms of panic attack were associated with an increase in the use of all substances.

Increase in substance abuse did not differ significantly between men and women or among racial or ethnic groups. Demographic(人口统计学的) factors such ms age, marital status, and income seemed to play a more critical role in determining if the events of September 11th led to an increase in substance use.

The survey results suggest that the largest increase in substance use was ______.

A．alcohol

B．marijuana

C．cigarettes

D．cocaine

听力原文： It is believed that the hot dog was born in Germany. Its creator, a German butcher named Johann Georg Lahner developed its prototype first in Frankfurt, a German city, hence frankfurter as its name. When frankfurters were first sold in the United States at the beginning of this century, they were called "dachshund sausage". A dachshund is a lovely dog from Germany with very long body and short legs. "Dachshund sausage" seemed like a good name for the frankfurter.

Dachshund sausages became popular soon in New York, especially at baseball games. Sellers sold their "red hot dachshund sausages" on buns to the fans. One day a newspaper cartoonist named Tad Dorian went to a game. When he was sold a dachshund sausage, he got an idea for a cartoon. He sketched a dachshund—not a dachshund sausage, but a dachshund—in a roll. Because he did not know how to spell dachshund, he wrote "Get your hot dog" under the cartoon. Thus, the American hot dog was born.

Another explanation for the origin of its name seemed somewhat academic. A sausage first got "hot" as its name because sausage sellers used to yell "Hot! Hot? on the street to get people to buy their sausages. When frankfurters were first imported to the United States, the expression "doggy" was popular. "Doggy" was a shorter form. of a popular expression "to put on the dog", which meant fancy, costly, in the best style. So "doggy hots" was used to refer to the imported, costly, and fancy frankfurters. Soon, these "doggy hots" were called "hot dogs" for cinvenience.

(30)

A．The name of a dog.

B．The name of a flavoring (调味品).

C．The name of a person.

D．A way of cooking.

听力原文： The International Criminal Court has announced that its first investigation since it was established two years ago will look into allegations of serious crimes in the Democratic Republic of Congo. The chief prosecutor at the court in The Hague described it as a major step forward for international justice and against impunity. The alleged offenses to be investigated include rape, torture and the use of child soldiers. The court which is the first permanent body to investigate war crimes, genocide and crimes against humanity is restricted to cases which it occurred within the past two years.

Which is NOT true about the ICC?

A．It is in the Hague.

B．It is a permanent international court.

C．It has been established for two years.

D．It deals with cases occurred in recent years.