Passage Two The bar was set at nine inches higher ...

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

You probably know about the Titanic, but it was actually just one of three state-of-the-art (最先进的)ocean ships back in the day. The Olympic class ships were built by the Harland & Wolff ship makers in Northern Ireland for the White Star Line company. The Olympic class included the Olympic, the Britannic and the Titanic, What you may not know is that the Titanic wasn’t even the flagship of this class. All in all, the Olympic class ships were marvels of sea engineering, but they seemed cursed to suffer disastrous fates.

The Olympic launched first in 1910, followed by the Titanic in 1911, and lastly the Britannic in 1914. The ships had nine decks,and Whits Star Line decided to focus on making them the most luxurious ships on the water.

Stretching 269.13 meters, the Olympic class ships were wonders of naval technology, and everyone thought that they would continue to be so for quite some time. However, all suffered terrible accidents on the open seas, The Olympic got wrecked before the Titanic did, but it was the only one to survive and maintain a successful career of 24 years. The Titanic was the first to sink after famously hitting a huge iceberg in 1912. Following this disaster, the Britannic hit a naval mine in 1916 and subsequently sank as well.

Each ship was coal-powered by several boilers constantly kept running by exhausted crews below deck. Most recognizable of the ship designs are the ship’s smoke stacks, but the fourth stack was actually just artistic in nature and served no functional purpose. While two of these ships sank, they were all designed with double hulls(船体)believed to make them “unsinkable”, perhaps a mistaken idea that led to the Titanic’s and the Britannic’s tragic end.

The Olympic suffered two crashes with other ships and went on to serve as a hospital ship and troop transport in World WarⅠ. Eventually, she was taken out of service in 1935, ending the era of the luxurious Olympic class ocean liners.

What does the passage say about the three Olympic class ships?

A.They performed marvelously on the sea

B.They could all break the ice in their way

C.They all experienced terrible misfortunes

D.They were models of modern engineering

What did White Star Line have in mind when it purchased the three ships?A.Their capacity of sailing across all waters

B.The utmost comfort passengers could enjoy

C.Their ability to survive disasters of any kind

D.The long voyages they were able to undertake

What is said about the fourth stack of the ships?A.It was a mere piece of decoration

B.It was the work of a famous artist

C.It was designed to let out extra smoke

D.It was easily identifiable from afar

What might have led to the tragic end of the Titanic and the Britannic?A.Their unscientific designs

B.Their captains’ misjudgment

C.The assumption that they were built with the latest technology

D.The belief that they could never sink with a double-layer body

What happened to the ship Olympic in the end?A.She was used to carry troops

B.She was converted into a hospital ship

C.She was sunk in World WarⅠ

D.She was retired after her naval service

请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！

Passage Two

Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.

The electromagnet was invented in England by William Sturgeon，who took an iron rod and bent it into the shape of a horseshoe. This “horseshoe” was coated with varnish and a layer of copper wire was wrapped around it. An electric current was passed through the wire，thus making the rod magnetic. The rod was now，because of magnetic attraction，able to support nine pounds of iron. In the US，a scientist named Joseph Henry improved on Sturgeon's electromagnet by insulating the copper wine with silk. He was able to wrap many turns of wire around an iron core without danger of short circuits between the turns. His magnet could hold 2,300 pounds. This experiment prompted Henry to try his hand at converting magnetism into electricity. First he coiled some insulated wire around an iron bar. connecting both ends of the wire to a galvanometer(电流表). The iron bar was placed across the poles of the electromagnet. Then the coil of the electromagnet was connected to a battery. The galvanometer indicated a voltage，then dropped to zero. Henry signaled his assistant to disconnect the coil. The galvanometer showed that once again a voltage had been produced，although this time in the opposite direction. The principle of electromagnetic induction had thus been discovered. Unfortunately for Joseph Henry he did not publish his findings and someone else(Faraday)got the credit for the discovery.

The principle of electromagnetic was discovered by______.

A. William Sturgeon

B. Joseph Henry

C. Faraday

D. someone else

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

Photography was once an expensive， laborious ordeal reserved for life&39;s greatest milestones. Now， the only apparent cost to taking infinite photos of something as common as a meal is the space on your hard drive and your dining companion&39;s patience.

But is there another cost， a deeper cost， to documenting a life experience instead of simply enjoying it? “You hear that you shouldn&39;t take all these photos and interrupt the experience， and it&39;s bad for you， and we&39;re not living in the present moment，” says Kristin Diehl， associate professor of marketing at the University of Southern California Marshall School of Business.

Diehl and her fellow researchers wanted to find out if that was true， so they embarked on a series of nine experiments in the lab and in the field testing people&39;s enjoyment in the presence or absence of a camera. The results， published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology， surprised them. Taking photos actually makes people enjoy what they&39;re doing more， not less.

“What we find is you actually look at the world slightly differently， because you&39;re looking for things you want to capture， that you may want to hang onto，” Diehl explains. “That gets people more engaged in the experience， and they tend to enjoy it more.”Take sightseeing. In one experiment， nearly 200 participants boarded a double-decker bus for a tour of Philadelphia. Both bus tours forbade the use of cell phones but one tour provided digital cameras and encouraged people to take photos. The people who took photos enjoyed the experience significantly more， and said they were more engaged， than those who didn&39;t.

Snapping a photo directs attention， which heightens the pleasure you get from whatever you&39;re looking at， Diehl says. It works for things as boring as archaeological(考古的)museums， where people were given eye-tracking glasses and instructed either to take photos or not. “People look longer at things they want to photograph，” Diehl says. They report liking the exhibits more， too.

To the relief of Instagrammers(Instagram用户)everywhere， it can even makes meals more enjoyable. When people were encouraged to take at least three photos while they ate lunch， they were more immersed in their meals than those who weren&39;t told to take photos.

Was it the satisfying click of the camera? The physical act of the snap? No， they found; just the act of planning to take a photo—and not actually taking it—had the same joy-boosting effect. “If you want to take mental photos， that works the same way，” Diehl says. “Thinking about what you would want to photograph also gets you more engaged.”

What does the author say about photo-taking in the past?

A.It was a painstaking effort for recording life‘s major events.

B.It was a luxury that only a few wealthy people could enjoy.

C.It was a good way to preserve one‘s precious images.

D.It was a skill that required lots of practice to master.

Kristin Diehl conducted a series of experiments on photo-taking to find out __________.A.what kind of pleasure it would actually bring to photo-takers

B.whether people enjoyed it when they did sightseeing

C.how it could help to enrich people‘s life experiences

D.Whether it prevented people enjoying what they were doing

What do the results of Diehl‘s experiments show that people taking photos?A.They are distracted from what they are doing.

B.They can better remember what they see or do.

C.They are more absorbed in what catches their eye.

D.They can have a better understanding of the world.

What is found about museum visitors with the aid of eye-tracking glasses?A.They come out with better photographs of the exhibits.

B.They focus more on the exhibits when taking pictures.

C.They have a better view of what are on display.

D.They follow the historical events more easily.

What do we learn from the last paragraph?A.It is better to make plans before taking photos.

B.Mental photos can be as beautiful as snapshots.

C.Photographers can derive great joy from the click of the camera.

D.Even the very thought of taking a photo can have a positive effect.

请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！

Passage Two:Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.By 1970, according to a World Wildlife Fund report, only about 4,500 tigers survived throughout the world-half of them in India. Mr. Foresters, who followed and counted tiger footprints, estimated that in May 1972 only about 1,800 tigers existed in India. Project Tiger Supported by W. W. F. was immediately launched. Nine tiger reserves were created, with armed guards protecting them.

The project provided opportunities for researchers from India and abroad to study tigers in the reserves and gather previously unavailable information about their habits. Studies show that a male tiger may control a hunting territory of between 10 and 20 sq.kms, depending on its age, size and strength. The territory of male includes the smaller territories of three or four tigresses. A tiger marks the boundaries of its territories by spraying urine (尿) and other bodily liquids on bushes. But it tries to avoid territorial fights, being guided by the distinctive body smell of other tigers. Tigers fight to death only when a tigress is defending her young, or when a tiger is guarding a tigress from the attentions of other males.

The popular image of the tiger is that of a merciless and unconquerable hunter. But studies show that it catches only one of 20 victims (牺牲品) it tries to attack.

Fears have recently developed that Project Tiger has been too successful. It has enabled the tiger population to double (by mid-80s), but India’s human population has also grown out of control. Currently it is 750 million and likely to be 900 million by the end of the century. Land problem is becoming serious and many rural people feel bitter about the fact that some rich forests are reserved for tigers. A growing number of attacks by tigers on man has added to the hostility (敌意).

第26题：The ultimate aim of Project Tiger is to ________.

A) study the growth rate of tigers

B) protect tigers from being killed

C) promote the breeding of young tigers

D) analyze the behavioral patterns of tigers

听力原文：Washington: More and more women have begun smoking in America in the last few decades. According to statistics from Health and Human Services, every day in the United States, about 1500 girls begin smoking, while tobacco kills more than 140,000 women each year, and half of those women are between the ages of thirty-five and sixty-nine. Researches also show that though tobacco companies advertise some cigarettes as "light," a light cigarette is just as risky as smoking a regular one. In fact, research shows that people who smoke light cigarettes actually smoke differently in order to get higher levels of nicotine.

Beijing: Close, high-level ties between China and African countries, and enthusiasm shown by Chinese firms, has improved the prospects for trade between the two sides. Bilateral trade and economic co-operation has entered a new phase of all-round, rapid and stable growth since the China-Africa Forum was set up in 2000, according to an official from the Chinese Ministry of Commerce. It is expected that the bilateral trade volume will increase by 25% compared with the same period of last year. Economists attribute the fast growth mainly to the mutual complement in economy and trade of both sides.

Moscow: Speakers of the Russian parliament have announced that neither of the chambers will amend the constitution to pave the way for a third term in office for incumbent President Vladimir Putin. The speakers made the statements in comments on the initiative by a public organization from North Ossetia which called for amending the Constitutional norm to allow the president to run for a third term. According to a nationwide survey, President Putin has the support of more than 80% of the respondents, and there's long been suspicion whether his successor could do such a good job in the future.

Tshwane: Fossils have long provided snapshots of the human family tree, but a new find in Africa gives scientists a kind of mini home movie showing man's primal development. Because the 4.2-million-year-old fossil is from the same human ancestral hot spot in Ethiopia as remains from seven other human-like species, scientists can now fill in the gaps for the most complete evolutionary chain so far. Though there's still suspicion over the authenticity of such fossils, this finding is believed to be very influential in the scientific world.

Los Angeles: Microsoft Corp. said it has signed a three-year, $250 million licensing agreement with China's Founder Technology Group Corp., part of an effort to strengthen the country's intellectual property fights. The agreement follows announcements between Microsoft and Chinese PC makers TCL Group and Tsinghua Tongfang Co. They allow the computer makers to sell PCs with pre-installed, licensed Microsoft Windows software. The issue of intellectual property fights has been very controversial in the negotiation between the governments of China and America, and there's mounting pressure from the US side to push China for better enforcement against piracy, especially in computer-related fields.

Question:

6.What can be concluded from the statistics of Health and Human Services in America?

7.What is the main reason for the quick development of bilateral trade between China and African countries?

8.What is the main message in the announcement of the Russian parliament?

9.What is the significance of the latest fossil finding in Africa?

10.What did Microsoft do recently to strengthen the protection of intellectual property rights in China?

(26)

A．Light cigarettes are not so risky to human health as regular ones.

B．Smoking kills about 1,500 girls everyday in America.

C．The number of female smokers in America has been on the increase in America recently.

D．The majority of female smokers in America are between the age of thirty-five to sixty-nine.

Watch a baby between six and nine months old, and you will observe the basic concepts of geometry being learned. once the baby has mastered the idea that space is three-dimensional, it reached out and begins grasping various kinds of objects. It is then, from perhaps nine to fifteen months, that the concepts of sets and numbers are formed. So far, so good. But now an ominous development takes place. The nerve fibers in the brain insulate themselves in such a way that the baby begins to hear sounds very precisely. Soon it picks up language, and it is then brought into direct communication with adults. From this point on, it is usually downhill all the way for mathematics, because the child now becomes exposed to all the nonsense words and beliefs of the community into which it has been so unfortunate as to have been born. Nature having done very well by the child to this point, having permitted it the luxury of thinking for itself for eighteen months, now abandons it to the arbitrary conventions and beliefs of society. But at least the child knows something of geometry and numbers, and it will always retain some memory of the early happy days, no matter what vicissitudes it may suffer later on. The main reservoir of mathematical talent in any society is thus possessed by children who are about two years old, children who have just learned to speak fluently.

Which of the following activities would teach a baby about geometry?

A．Picking up language.

B．Communicating with others.

C．Recognizing numbers.

D．Catching different objects.

Watch a baby between six and nine months old, and you will observe the basic concepts of geometry being learned. Once the baby has mastered the idea that space is three-dimensional, it reaches out and begins grasping various kinds of objects. It is then, from perhaps nine to fifteen months, that the concepts of sets and numbers are formed. So far, so good. But now an ominous development takes place. The nerve fibers in the brain insulate themselves in such a way that the baby begins to hear sounds very precisely. Soon it picks up language, and it is then brought into direct communication with adults. From this point on, it is usually downhill all the way for mathematics, because the child now becomes exposed to all the nonsense words and beliefs of the community into which it has been so unfortunate as to have been born. Nature, having done very well by the child to this point, having permitted it the luxury of thinking for itself for eighteen months, now abandons it to the arbitrary conventions and beliefs of society. But at least the child knows something of geometry and numbers, and it will always retain some memory of the early halcyon days, no matter what vicissitudes it may suffer later on. The main reservoir of mathematical talent in any society is thus possessed by children who are about two years old, children who have just learned to speak fluently.

What does the passage mainly discuss?

A．How basic concepts of physics are learned.

B．Math-learning strategies for babies.

C．How basic concepts of physics are learned.

D．Math-learning strategies for babies.

Questions 36～40 are based on the following passage. Richard Satava, program manager for advanced medical technologies, has been a driving force in bringing virtual reality to medicine, where computers create a “virtual” or simulated environment for surgeons and other medical practitioners （从业者）.

“With virtual reality we’ll be able to put a surgeon in every trench,” said Satava. He envisaged a time when soldiers who are wounded fighting overseas are put in mobile surgical units equipped with computers.

The computers would transmit images of the soldiers to surgeons back in the U.S. The surgeons would look at the soldier through virtual reality helmets （头盔） that contain a small screen displaying the image of the wound. The doctors would guide robotic instruments in the battlefield mobile surgical unit that operate on the soldier.

Although Satava’s vision may be years away from standard operating procedure, scientists are progressing toward virtual reality surgery. Engineers at an international organization in California are developing a tele-operating device. As surgeons watch a three-dimensional image of the surgery, they move instruments that are connected to a computer, which passes their movements to robotic instruments that perform. the surgery. The computer provides feedback to the surgeon on force, textures, and sound.

These technological wonders may not yet be part of the community hospital setting but increasingly some of the machinery is finding its way into civilian medicine. At Wayne State University Medical School, surgeon Lucia Zamorano takes images of the brain from computerized scans and uses a computer program to produce a 3-D image. She can then maneuver the 3-D image on the computer screen to map the shortest, least invasive surgical path to the tumor （肿瘤）. Zamorano is also using technology that attaches a probe to surgical instruments so that she can track their positions. While cutting away a tumor deep in the brain, she watches the movement of her surgical tools in a computer graphics image of the patient’s brain taken before surgery.

During these procedures—operations that are done through small cuts in the body in which a miniature camera and surgical tools are maneuvered—surgeons are wearing 3-D glasses for a better view. And they are commanding robot surgeons to cut away tissue more accurately than human surgeons can.

Satava says, “We are in the midst of a fundamental change in the field of medicine.”

第36题：According to Richard Satava, the application of virtual reality to medicine ________.

A．will enable surgeons to be physically present on every battlefield

B．can raise the spirits of soldiers wounded on the battlefield

C．will greatly improve medical conditions on the battlefield

D．can shorten the time for operations on soldiers wounded on the battlefield

Please examine the attached documents against the following credit.

THE BANK OF TOKYO LIMITED　　　　Original Place and date of issue Osaka, 20 Oct., 200×
lRREVOCABLE DOCUMENTARY CREDJT				Credit number of issuing Bank LS0603874
Advising Bank Bank of China, Tianjin The People's Republic of China				Applicant Okura & Co. Ltd., Osaka
Beneficiary China National Native Produce & Animal By-prod- ucts Import & Export Corporation. Tianjin Animal By-products. Branch, Tianjin, The People's Re- public of China.				Amount USD126.962.00 (Say One Hundred and Twenty Six Thousand Nine Hundred and Sixty Two US dollars)
				Expiry date 31 st December, 200× in your country
Dear Sirs, We hereby issue in your favour this documentary credit which is available by payment of your draft (s) at... sight for 100% invoice value drawn on us being marked as having been drawn under this credit and accompanied by the following documents: - Signed commercial invoice in triplicate indicating Import Declaration No. ID (0) J (2) 10884 and buyer's Ref. No. OUC-1298000. - Marine insurance policy or certificate, endorsed in blank, for l1O% of the invoice value including: Ocean Marine Cargo Clauses (All Risks) and war Risks of the PICC subject to C. I. C. dated January 1, 1981. Claims to be payable in the currency of the draft in Japan. - Full set of clean on board ocean bills of lading dated not later than 15th December 200×, made out to order and blank endorsed, and marked "Freight Prepaid" and "Notify Okura & Co. Ltd., Osaka". - Packing list in triplicate, combined form acceptable. - Certificate of origin in triplicate, combined form acceptable. covering 1,000 kgs. (10% more or less allowed) of Chinese white Dehaired Goatswool KVT02 USD 115.42 per kg. CIF. As per Contract No. JWGOO3 Packed in bale.
Shipment from Chinese port to Kobe			Partial shipments prohibited	Transhipment prohibited
Special conditions:
We hereby engage that payment will be duly made a- gainst sight draft and documents presented in con- formity with the terms of this credit.				Yours faithfully. THE BANK OF TOKYO LIMITED, OSAKA signature ____________

  Exchange for USD103, 300. 90     Tianjin, 18 Dec., 200×

  At sight pay to the order of Bank of China the sum of US dollars one hundred and three thousand three hundred

  only

  Drawn under the Bank of Tokyo Ltd., Tokyo L/C No. LS0603874 dated 20 Oct., 200×

  To the Bank of Tokyo Ltd.,                  For China National Native Produce & Animal By -

                                    products Imp. & Exp. Corp., Tianjin Animal

  Osaka                               By-products, Branch, Tianjin

                                            SignatureManager

                         INVOICE            Date: 1 Dec., 200×

                                        Contract No. JWG003

                                        Inv. No. BP20076778

  Shipped from Hsinkang per steamer to Kobe

  Sold to Messr. Okura & Co. Ltd., Osaka

  Marks & Nos.                                       Amount

  C     G     10 bales Chinese White Deheired

  318             Goatswool  KVT02

  KOBE        at USD115. 42 per kg. CIF Kobe              USD103. 300. 90

  No. 1-10       as per Contract No. JWG003

             Import Declaration No. ID (0) J(2) 10884 and

              Buyer's Ref. No. OUC-1298000

             Drawn under The Bank of Tokyo Ltd. Osaka

             L/C No. LS0603874 dated 20th Oct., 200×         (in triplicate)

                    PACKING LIST

             Packed in bale

             Cross Weight   995kg.

             Net Weight   895 kg.

                  CERTIFICATE OF ORIGIN

             We hereby certify that the above mentioned goods

             are of Chinese Origin.

                               CHINA NATIONAL NATIVE PRODUCE & ANIMAL

                               BY-PRODUCTS IMP. & EXP. CORP., TIANJIN

                                 ANIMAL BY-PRODUCTS BRANCH, TIANJIN

                                       signature

                    THE PEOPLE'S INSURANCE COMPANY OF CHINA

                          INSURANCE POLICY

  INVOICE NO. BP20076778                                POLICY No. TT02391

    This policy of insurance witnesses that the People's Insurance Company of China (hereinafter called "The

  Company") at the request ofChina National Native Produce & Animal By-products Imp. & Exp. Corp.,

  Tianjin Animal By-products Branch Tianjin(hereinafter called the "insured") and in consideration of the

  agreed premium paying to the company by the insured, undertakes to insure the undermentioned goods in trans-

  portation subject to the conditions of this Policy as per the clauses printed overleaf and other special causes atta-

  ched herein

Marks & Nos.	Quantity	Descriptions of goods	Amount insured
C　　　G 318 KOBE No. 1-10	10 bales	Goatswool	USD113, 631. 00

  Total amount insured: US dollars one hundred and thirteen thousand six hundred and thirty one only

  Premiumas arrangedrateas arrangedPer conveyance s. s. "HENGSHUI" sailing on or about5 Dec., 200×

  fromHsinkangtoKobe

  Conditions:

  Covering W. A. and War Risks as per Ocean Marine Cargo Clauses and War Risks Clauses of The People's In-

  surance Company of China subject to C. I. C. dated January 1, 1981.

  Claim if any, payable on surrender of this Policy together with other relevent documents.

  In the event of accident whereby loss or damage may result in a claim under this policy, immediate notice apply-

  ing for survey must be given to the Company's Agent as mentioned hereunder:

  The Sumitomo Marine & Fire Insurance Co. Ltd., Kobe Branch, Kobe.

  Claim payable in Japan in USD

  Date:17 Dec., 200×

    THE PEOPLE'S INSURANCE COMPANY OF CHINA, TIANJIN BRANCH

  (IN duplicate)                                  signature

  (This policy has been endorsed in blank by the insured.)