输气站包括首站、中间站以及末站。通常建于气田附近，输气管沿线的第一个输气站是（）。

A．首站

B．末站

C．中间压气站

D．配压站

在压气站数一定的情况下，各站的出站压力都达到最大工作压力Pmax时，输气管则有最大的输气能力Qmax(即首站出站的最大流量)，这个最大流量是由全线的压气站特性和整条输气管各站间管路特性共同决定的。根据式（8-13），对于一条沿线没有分气或进气的输气管，扣除各站的自用气之后，流量是在逐渐减少的。Under the condition of a certain number of compressor stations, when the outbound pressure of each station reaches the maximum working pressure Pmax, the gas transmission pipe has the maximum gas transmission capacity Qmax(i.e. the maximum flow of the first station outbound), which is jointly determined by the characteristics of the compressor station on the whole line and the characteristics of the pipelines between all stations of the whole gas transmission pipe. According to formula (8-13), for a gas pipeline without gas separation or intake along the line, the flow is gradually decreasing after deducting the self-use gas of each station.

一条大型输气管，各个时期的输气量不会相同，从投产初期的不满负荷运行到全部运转时的满负荷工作。同样可以从前面介绍的计算中，找到输气管不同时期的压气站数。这时，必须注意到压气站在不满负荷时，不一定是全部机组投入运行，压气站特性方程中A和B的数值将有所变化。A large gas pipeline will not have the same volume of gas in different periods, from the initial load of operation to the full load of operation. It is also possible to find the number of compressor stations in different periods of the gas pipeline from the previous calculation. At this time, it must be noted that when the compressor station is not under load, not all units may be put into operation, and the values of A and B in the characteristic equation of the compressor station will change.

陕京二线输气管道工程是继西气东输之后，有一条连接我国东西部、将西部资源优势转化为经济优势的输气管道工程。该管道天然气供气目标位于京、津、冀、鲁、晋5省市，其中，北京市为重点。该工程管道全长约860km，设计输量为120108m3/a，管径φ1016mm，设计压力为10MPa。该工程项目组成详见表3—12。

该工程线路起始于陕西省榆林市以西的榆林首站，止于北京市大兴区采育镇的北京末站，途经陕西、山西、河北和北京三省一市，沿途跨越了39个市县。

问题：

1．通过对工程站场工艺系统的分析，输气管各工艺站场对环境产生影响的因素有哪些?

2．本项目建设中对生态环境影响主要预测方法有哪些?

3．本项目路过各地区时，选线应该注意哪些问题?

4．在施工阶段的事故防范措施有哪些?

5．管道沿线经过的主要环境敏感区域有哪些?

此题为判断题(对，错)。

A、起点流量变化很小，近似认为不变，终点流量随昼夜用气量的不同变化较大。Q1变化幅度<q2变化幅度the change of the starting flow is small, and it considered to be invariable approximately. amplitude q1 less than> B、末段起点的最高压力等于或小于最后一个压气站的出口压力p1max。The maximum pressure at the beginning of the terminal is equal to or less than the outlet pressure p1max of the last compressor station.

C、末段终点的最低压力p2min应不低于配气站所要求的供气压力。末段的压力变化范围决定了末段的储气能力。The lowest pressure p2min at the end of the terminal shall not be lower than the gas supply pressure required by the distribution station. The pressure range of the terminal determines the gas storage capacity of the terminal.

D、输气管末段的气体处于不稳定流动状态，为简化起见，下面的讨论与计算是以稳定流动状态为基础的，以连续替换法作近似计算，计算结果其储气能力比实际小10~15%。The gas at the end of the gas pipeline is in an unsteady flow state. For the sake of simplification, the following discussion and calculation are based on the stable flow state, and the continuous replacement method is used for approximate calculation. The calculated result shows that the gas storage capacity is 10~15% less than the actual value.

A、乌连戈伊-中央输气管道

B、阿拉斯加输气管道

C、阿意输气管道

将防腐涂料涂抹在输气管道内壁,使其形成一层内壁涂层,可以起到防止输气管内壁腐蚀的作用,这种防腐方法称为( ).

A.防腐绝缘层

B.防腐涂层

C.内涂层防腐

D.缓蚀剂防腐

大水泡音主要发生在下列哪一部位 A:终末支气管

B:小支气管 C:气管 D:细支气管

E:肺泡

使用的燃气输气管道需要定期更换.一般橡胶输气管一年到一年半就要更换一次，金属材质的可相应延长更换周期。()