In early times, in the Middle Ages, the systems of trial across Europe were similar. At that time trial by "ordeal" — especially a religious event — was the main way of testing guilt or innocence. When this way eventually abandoned the two systems parted company. On the continent church-trained legal officials took over the function of both prosecuting and judging, while in England these were largely left to lay people, the Justice of the Peace and the jurymen who were illiterate and this meant that all the evidence had to be put to them orally. This historical accident dominates procedure even today, with all evidence being given in open court by word of mouth on the crucial day.
On the other hand, in France for instance, all the evidence is written before the trial under supervision by an investigating judge. This exhaustive pretrial looks very undramatic; much of its is just a public checking of the written records already gathered.
The Americans adopted the British system lock, stock and barrel and enshrined it in their constitution. But, while the basic features of our systems are common, there are now significant differences in the way serious cases are handled. First, because the USA has virtually no contempt of court laws to prevent pretrial publicity in the newspaper and on television, Americans lawyers are allowed to question jurors about knowledge and beliefs.
In Britain this is virtually never allowed, and a random selection of jurors who are presumed not to be prejudiced are empanelled. Secondly, there is no separate profession of barrister in the United States, and both prosecution and defense lawyers who are to present cases in court prepare themselves. They go out and visit the scene, track down and interview witnesses, and familiarize themselves personally with the background. In Britain it is the solicitor who prepares the case, and the barrister who appears in court is not even allowed to meet witnesses beforehand. British barristers also alternate doing both prosecution and defense work. Being kept distant from the preparation and regularly appearing for both sides, barristers are said to avoid becoming too personally involved, and can approach cases more dispassionately. American lawyers, however, often know their cases better.
Reformers rightly want to learn from other countries' mistakes and successes. But what is clear is that justice systems, largely because they are the result of long historical growth, are peculiarly difficult to adapt piecemeal.
"The British trial system is more like a game than a serious attempt to do justice" (Lines 2~3, Paragraph 1) implies that ______.
A.the British legal system can do the basic job well — convicting the guilty and acquitting the innocent
B.the British legal system is worse than the continental legal system
C.the British legal system is often considered to be not very fair
D.tbe British legal system is very efficient
第1题
哪一种先心病X线显示肺动脉段凹陷呈靴形心()
A.室间隔缺损
B.房间隔缺损
C.动脉导管未闭
D.法洛四联症
E.肺动脉狭窄
第4题
A.肺充血,右心房大,右心室大,肺动脉段突出
B. 肺充血,右心房大,左、右心室大
C. 肺充血,主动脉结大,肺动脉段突出
D. 肺淤血,左心房大,右心室大,肺动脉段突出
E. 肺血减少,肺动脉段凹陷,心尖圆钝呈“靴形”
第5题
下列X线检查可显示肺动脉段凹陷的先天性心脏病病是()
A、房间隔缺损
B、肺动脉瓣狭窄
C、法洛四联症
D、室间隔缺损
E、动脉导管未闭
第6题
下列X线检查可显示肺动脉段凹陷的先天性心脏病病是()
A、房间隔缺损
B、室间隔缺损
C、动脉导管未闭
D、完全性大动脉转位
E、肺动脉狭窄
第7题
X线检查示肺动脉段凹陷的先天性心脏病是
A.房间隔缺损
B.室间隔区缺损
C.法洛四联症
D.动脉导管未闭
E.主动脉狭窄
第8题
X线检查示肺动脉段凹陷的先天性心脏病是 ()。
A.房间隔缺损
B.室间隔缺损
C.法洛四联症
D.动脉导管未闭
E.主动脉狭窄
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