听力原文： I am honored to be here today, representing Harvard at this celebration of the College Board's half century of working to promote high standards and equal opportunity in higher education.

听力原文： I am honored to be here today, representing Harvard at this celebration of the College Board's half century of working to promote high standards and equal opportunity in higher education.

Before I say anything else, I want to thank everyone in the room for the work you do every day to make college affordable, available and successful for millions of young people across the country.

I want to focus my remarks on a matter of central concern to American families and to the future of the nation -- restoring education to its proper role as a pathway to equal opportunity and excellence in our society.

This has been an enduring theme in higher education, with great and creative efforts made by many institutions. Earlier this year, we announced a new initiative at Harvard aimed at the students from families of low and moderate income. Under our new program, families with incomes of less than $ 40,000 will no longer be expected to contribute to the cost of attending Harvard for their children. Families with incomes of less than $ 60,000 will also see their contributions reduced.

We are proud of this effort at Harvard, but we are aware that the programs of individual institutions with means can never be a substitute for our shared public responsibility to provide adequate funding for Pell grants and other financial aid, and for the state and community college systems that make higher education accessible and affordable for the broad public.

There is something empty about undertaking initiatives that may be right for one institution without attention to their broader impact. Likewise, we fall short if we urge changes in national policy without doing what we can on our own campuses.

In this spirit, I want to address today a problem that is emerging with increasing urgency in this nation.

I am honored to be here today, (1) Harvard at this celebration of the College Board's half century of working to promote (2) and equal opportunity in higher education.

Before I say anything else, I want to thank everyone in the room for the work you do every day to make college (3) , available, and (4) for millions of young people across the country.

I want to focus my remarks on a matter of (5) to American familiesand to the future of the nation -- restoring education to its proper role as a (6) to equal opportunity and (7) in our society.

This has been an (8) in higher education, with great and creative efforts made by many institutions. Earlier this year, we announced a new (9) at Harvard aimed at the students from families of low and (10) income. Under our new program, families with incomes of (11) will no longer be expected to contribute to the cost of attending Harvard for their children. Families with incomes of less than $ 60,000 will also see their (12) reduced.

We are proud of this effort at Harvard, but we are aware that the programs of individual institutions with means can never be a substitute for our shared (13) to provide adequate funding for Pell grants and other financial aid, and for the state and community college systems that make higher education (14) and affordable for the (15) .

There is something empty about (16) initiatives that may be right for one institution without attention to their broader impact. (17) , we (18) if we urge changes in national policy without doing what we can on our own campuses.

In this spirit, I want to (19) today a problem that is emerging with (20) in this nation.

(36)

听力原文： I am honored to be here today,【L1】______Harvard at this celebration of the College Boards half century of working to promote【L2】______and equal opportunity in higher education. Before I say anything else, I want to thank everyone in the room for the work you do every day to make college【L3】______, available, and【L4】______for millions of young people across the country. I want to focus my remarks on a matter of【L5】______to American familiesand to the future of the nation -- restoring education to its proper role as a【L6】______to equal opportunity and【L7】______in our society. This has been an【L8】______in higher education, with great and creative efforts made by many institutions. Earlier this year, we announced a new【L9】______at Harvard aimed at the students from families of low and【L10】______income. Under our new program, families with incomes of【L11】______will no longer be expected to contribute to the cost of attending Harvard for their children. Families with incomes of less than $ 60,000 will also see their【L12】______reduced. We are proud of this effort at Harvard, but we are aware that the programs of individual institutions with means can never be a substitute for our shared【L13】______to provide adequate funding for Pell grants and other financial aid, and for the state and community college systems that make higher education【L14】______and affordable for the【L15】______. There is something empty about【L16】______initiatives that may be right for one institution without attention to their broader impact.【L17】______, we【L18】______if we urge changes in national policy without doing what we can on our own campuses. In this spirit, I want to【L19】______today a problem that is emerging with【L20】______in this nation.

【L1】______Harvard at this celebration of the College Boards

听力原文： Today I will be talking about the invention of the camera and photography.

Camera is often thought to be a modern invention. But as early as 1727, a German physicist discovered light darkened silver salt, a chemical compound. Using as a camera, a big box with a small hole to let the light in, he made temporary images on the salt. Silver salt is still the basic film today. Then a French scientist made the first permanent picture by using a special piece of metal sensitized with silver salt. A photograph he made in 1826 still exists.

The painter DeGair improved on the process by placing common salt, the kind we eat, on the metal. This was in 1839, the official date of the beginning of photography. But the problem was the printing of the photographs. And it was not until other scientists developed the kind of paper we now use that good printing was possible, and photography became truly modern.

In the 1860's, Mathew Brady was able to take his famous pictures of the American Civil War, thus making portrait poses very popular. In the 20th century, George Eastman of the United States simplified film developing, and Edwin Land invented the so-called instant camera with self-developing film.

If we say photography came into existence in 1839, it follows that it has taken more than 100 years for the camera to reach its present condition of technical refinement.

The first permanent picture was made by using

A．special paper

B．silver salt

C．common salt

D．a special metal

听力原文： Today I will be talking about the invention of the camera and photography.

Camera is often thought to be a modern invention. But as early as 1727, a German physicist discovered light darkened silver salt, a chemical compound. Using as a camera, a big box with a small hole to let the light in, he made temporary images on the salt. Silver salt is still the basic film today. Then a French scientist made the first permanent picture by using a special piece of metal sensitized with silver salt. A photograph he made in 1826 still exists.

The painter DeGair improved on the process by placing common salt, the kind we eat, on the metal. This was in 1839, the official date of the beginning of photography. But the problem was the printing of the photo- graphs. And it was not until other scientists developed the kind of paper we now use that good printing was possible, and photography became truly modern.

In the 1860's, Mathew Brady was able to take his famous pictures of the American Civil War, thus making portrait poses very popular. In the 20th century, George Eastman of the United States simplified film developing, and Edwin Land invented the so-called instant camera with self-developing film.

If we say photography came into existence in 1839, it follows that it has taken more than 100 years for the camera to reach its present condition of technical refinement.

The first permanent picture was made by using_________

A．special paper

B．silver salt

C．common salt

D．a special metal

听力原文： Today I will be talking about the invention of the camera and photography.

Camera is often thought to be a modern invention. But as early as 1727, a German physicist discovered light darkened silver salt, a chemical compound used as a camera, a big box with a small hole to let the light in, he made temporary images on the salt. Silver salt is still the basic film today. Then a French scientist made the first permanent picture by using a special piece of metal sensitized with silver salt. A photograph photograph he made in 1826 still exists.

The painter DeGair improved on the process by placing common salt, the kind we eat, on the metal. This was in 1839, the official date of the beginning of photography. But the problem was the printing of the photographs. And it was not until other scientists developed the kind of paper we now use that good printing was possible, and photography became truly modern.

In the 1860's, Mathew Brady was able to take his famous pictures of the American Civil War, thus making portrait poses very popular. In the 20th century, George Eastman of the United States simplified film developing, and Edwin Land invented the so-called instant camera with self-developing film.

If we say photography came into existence in 1839, it follows that it has taken more than 100 years for the camera to reach its present condition of technical refinement.

(22)

A．special paper.

B．silver salt.

C．common salt.

D．a special metal.

听力原文： Today, I'll be talking about the invention of the camera and photography. The camera is often thought to be a modem invention. But as early as 1727, a German physicist discovered that light darkens silver salt, a chemical compound. Using as a camera, a big box with small hole to let the light in, he made temporary images on the salt. Silver salt is still the base of film today.

Then a French scientist made the first permanent picture by using a special piece of metal sensitized with silver salt. A photograph he made in 1826 still exists. The painter, Daguerre improved on the process by placing common salt on the metal, This was in 1839, the official date of the beginning of photography, but the problem was the printing of the photographs, and it wasn't until other scientists developed the kind of paper we now use, that good printing was possible and photograph became truly modern.

In 1860's, Matthew Bradey was able to take his famous pictures of the American Civil War. In the 20th century, George Eastman of the Untied States simplified film developing, and Dr. Edwin Land invented the so-called "instant" camera with self-developing film. If we say that photography came into existence in 1839 it follows that it has taken more than one hundred years for the camera to reach its present condition of technical refinement.

(30)

A．Light darkens silver salt.

B．Light darkens natural salt.

C．Light darkens silver.

D．Light darkens self-developing film.

听力原文： OK, everybody. Be quiet, please! Can we begin the meeting now? I am Mike Johnson, the chairman of the Graduation Committee for this year. I am honored to declare that all of you have been chosen as representatives to plan the graduation ceremony. Within a moment, I am sending around a sheet of paper for each of you and you are required to write down your names and telephone numbers. Also, please write down which part of the ceremony you'd like to work on. Remember, as a representative, you will have a lot of responsibilities to shoulder. So only sign up if you feel you have the time to participate. When everyone has finished writing down the information, please return the paper to me. What's more, the time for next meeting has been changed. Yesterday I said that it would be held two days later. But now after our further discussion, it will be on next Friday. At our next meeting, one week from today, we will start to discuss the details of the graduation ceremony. At last, I would like to say that in the coming month we may have several other meetings in celebration of our school's great success in education, please keep them in your mind and do your best in them!

What is the purpose of the meeting?

A．To determine who will graduate this year.

B．To discuss the seating arrangement.

C．To begin planning the graduation ceremony.

听力原文： OK, everybody. Be quiet, please! Can we begin the meeting now? I am Mike Johnson, the chairman of the Graduation Committee for this year. I am honored to declare that all of you have been chosen as representatives to plan the graduation ceremony. Within a moment, I am sending around a sheet of paper for each of you and you are required to write down your names and telephone numbers. Also, please write down which part of the ceremony you'd like to work on. Remember, as a representative, you will have a lot of responsibilities to shoulder. So only sign up if you feel you have the time to participate. When everyone has finished writing down the information, please return the paper to me. What's more, the time for next meeting has been changed. Yesterday I said that it would be held two days later. But now after our further discussion, it will be on next Friday. At our next meeting, one week from today, we will start to discuss the details of the graduation ceremony. At last, I would like to say that in the coming month we may have several other meetings in celebration of our school's great success in education, please keep them in your mind and do your best in them !

What is the purpose of the meeting?

A．To determine who will graduate this year.

B．To discuss the seating arrangement.

C．To begin planning the graduation ceremony.

听力原文：W: Hi, I need to get a parking sticker.

M: Well, you've come to the right place. Let me ask you some questions. First, are you an employee here?

W: Yes, I am.

M: Have you ever purchased an employee parking sticker before?

W: No, I haven't. This is the first time I've gotten one.

M: Well, do you have your employee's card with you?

W: Yes, I do.

M: And how are you going to pay for the sacker?

W: By check.

M: That's fine. All right...all you need to do is fill out this form. and write your check, give me the form. and the check, and then show me your employee's card.

W: Do I have to bring my car over here so you can put the sticker on it?

M: No, that's unnecessary. I'll give you the sticker, and you can put it on your car. Just be sure to put it in the right place.

W: Where do I need to put it?

M: On the front window of the car, on the right-hand side... no, wait a minute, not on the right-hand side... it should be on the left-hand side.

W: Front window, left side. OK, I've got it.

M: Now, do you know about the location of the parking lot?

W: Yes, just under the building.

M: That's exactly right. Now, let me get that sticker for you.

What does the woman want to get?

A．A driver's license.

B．A parking lot.

C．A parking sticker.

D．A new car.

听力原文： For many international students, coming to the United States and living here and studying can be a quite a discouraging experience, especially when finding housing on campus or off campus. And fortunately, there are a variety of options that students can look to. And I'd like to talk just briefly a little about on-campus living, off-campus living, and some of the advantages and disadvantages of each.

Well, I think first of all for first-time students, coming and living on campus in dormitories can provide a certain level of security because of its closeness to campus facilities since traveling without a car can be quite an experience, especially when you have to travel long distances. Often in dormitories, meals might be provided, and this can allow students to devote time to their academics, rather than housekeeping. But students should also be aware that they'll be required to abide by certain regulations dealing with student conduct as part of the contract and living on campus.

Another option is off campus living in apartments, and like living in dormitories, living in an apartment requires little or no maintenance specifically because usually it is handled by someone else. Also when you might live off campus, there might be a certain amount of flexibility in choosing roommates that you might not have living on campus. But you should be aware that tenants may be responsible for furnishing their own apartments.

Well, of course, the choice is up to you, but be careful to review both the advantages and disadvantages of living on campus and off campus. Good luck.

(30)

A．Campus facilities for international students.

B．Optional courses for international students.

C．Activities on and off campus for international students.

D．Accommodation choices for international students.