In the years after the Civil War most American pai...

In the years after the Civil War most American painters received their training in Europe, the majority studying in the French schools at Paris or Barbizon, and a smaller number in Germany at Munich(慕尼黑) and Dusseldorf(杜塞尔多夫). The teaching of the Barbizon school, which stressed the use of color and the creation of an impression or a mood, influenced many American artists. One group of American painters, led by James McNeill Whistler and John Singer Sargent, expatriated(移居国外) themselves from the American scene and settled in Europe. Whistler, who is often ranked as the greatest genius(天才) in the history of American art, was a versatile(多才多艺的) and industrious(勤奋的) artist who was equally proficient(熟练的) in several media-oil, watercolor, etching(铜版画)-and with several themes-portraits and his so-called "nocturnes(夜景画)", impressionistic sketches(印象画) of moonlight on water and other scenes. He was one of the first to appreciate the beauty of Japanese color prints and to introduce Oriental concepts into Western art.

1. For a period after the Civil War, the majority of American painters ____.

A、was influenced by the Barbizon school

B、painted in the impressionist style

C、studied art in Europe

D、used striking color in their work

2. According to the passage, one group of American painters ____.

A、left America never to return

B、turned their back on the American art tradition

C、copied the style. of Whistler and Sargent

D、were unaffected by the European style. of painting

3. From the passage we are led to believe that Whistler ____.

A、did much of his painting at night

B、produced a large number of pictures

C、combined several media and themes in his paintings

D、was most proficient in impressionistic sketches

4. According to the passage, Whistler was one of the first Western painters to ____.

A、use Japanese ideas in his own work

B、become interested in Japanese printing

C、admire Japanese oil paintings

D、start producing Japanese sketches

5. The main theme of this passage is ____.

A、Whistler's influence on Western art

B、The influence of European art on American painters

C、The influence of Oriental art on Whistler

D、The American painters' influence in Europe

The American baby boom after the war made the U.S. advice unconvincing to poor countries that they restrain their births. However, there has hardly been a year since 1957 in which birth rates have not fallen in the United States and other rich countries, and in 1976 the fall was especially sharp. Both East Germany and West Germany have fewer births than they have deaths, and the United States is only temporarily able to avoid this condition because the children of the baby boom are now an exceptionally large group of married couples.

It is true that Americans do not typically plan their births to set an example for developing countries. We are more affected by women's liberation: once women see interesting and well-paid jobs and careers available, they are less willing to provide free labor for child raising. From costing nothing, children suddenly come to seem impossibly expensive. And to the high cost of children are added the uncertainties introduced by divorce, couples are increasingly unwilling to subject their children to the terrible experience of marital breakdown and themselves to the difficulty of raising a child alone.

These circumstances-women working outside the home and the instability of marriage tend to spread with industrial society and they will affect more and more countries during the remainder of this century. Along with them goes social mobility, ambition to rise in the urban world, a main factor in bringing down the births in the nineteenth century.

Food shortage will happen again when the reserves resulting from the good harvest of 1976 and 1977 have been consumed. Urbanization is likely to continue, with the cities of the developing nations struggling under the weight of twice their present populations by the year 2000. the presently rich countries arc approaching a sable population largely because of the changed place women, and they incidentally are setting an example of restraint to the rest of the world. Industrial society will spread to the poor countries, and aspirations will exceed resources. All this will lead to a population in the twenty-first century that is smaller than was feared a few years ago. For those anxious to see world population brought under control, the news is encouraging.

During the years from 1957 to 1976, the birth rate of the United States

A．increased

B．experienced both falls and rises

C．was reduced

D．remained stable

The American baby boom after the war made unconvincing U.S. advice to poor countries that they restrain their births. However, there has hardly been a year since 1957 in which birth rates have not fallen in the United States and other rich countries, and in 1976 the fall was especially sharp. Both former East Germany and former West Germany have fewer births than they have deaths, and the United States is only temporarily able to avoid this condition because the children of the baby boom are now an exceptionally large group of married couples.

It is true that Americans do not typically plan their births to set an example for developing nations. We are more affected by women's liberation: once women see interesting and well-paid jobs and careers available, they are less willing to provide free labor for child raising. From costing nothing, children suddenly come to seem impossibly expensive. And to the high cost of children are added the uncertainties introduced by divorce, couples are increasingly unwilling to subject children to the terrible experience of marital breakdown and themselves to the difficulty of raising a child alone.

These circumstances—women working outside the home and the instability of marriage—tend to spread with industrial society and they will affect more and more countries during the remainder of this century. Along with them goes social mobility, ambition to rise in the urban world, a main factor in bringing down the births in Europe in the nineteenth century.

Food shortage will happen again when the reserves resulting from the good harvests of 1976 and 1977 have been consumed. Urbanization is likely to continue with the cities of the developing nations struggling under the weight of twice their present populations by the year 2000. The presently rich countries are approaching a stable population largely because of the changed place of women? and they incidentally are setting an example of restraint to the rest of the world. Industrial society will spread to the poor countries and aspirations will exceed resources. All this leads to a population in the twenty-first century that is smaller than was feared a few years ago. For those anxious to see world population brought under control the news is encouraging.

During the years from 1957 to 1976, the birth rate of the United States ______.

A．increased

B．experienced both falls and rises

C．was reduced

D．remained stable

The American baby boom after the war made unconvincing U. S. advice to poor countries that they restrain their births. However, there has hardly been a year since 1957 in which birth rates have not fallen in the United States and other rich countries, and in 1976 the fall was especially sharp. Both former East Germany and former West Germany have fewer births than they have deaths, and the United States is only temporarily able to avoid this condition because the children of the baby boom are now an exceptionally large group of married couples.

It is true that Americans do not typically plan their births to set an example for developing nations. We are more affected by women's liberation: once women see interesting and well-paid jobs and careers available, they are less willing to' provide free labor for child raising. From costing nothing, children suddenly come to seem impossibly expensive. And to the high cost of children are added the uncertainties introduced by divorce, couples are increasingly unwilling to subject children to the terrible experience of marrital breakdown and themselves to the difficulty of raising a child alone.

These circumstances - women working outside the home and the instability of marriage - tend to spread with industrial society and they will affect more and more countries during the remainder of this century. Along with them goes social mobility, ambition to rise in the urban world, a main factor in bringing down the births in Europe in the nineteenth Century.

Food shortage will happen again when the reserves resulting from the good harvests of 1976 and 1977 have been consumed. Urbanization is likely to continue with the cities of the developing nations struggling under the weight of twice their present populations by the year 2000. The presently rich countries are approaching a stable population largely because of the changed place of women, and they incidentally arc setting an example of restraint to the rest of the world. Industrail society will spread to the poor countries and aspirations will exceed resources. All this leads to a population in the twentyfirst century that is smaller than was feared a few years ago. For those anxious to see world population brought under control the news is encouraging.

During the years from 1957 to 1976, the birth rate of the United States ______.

A．increased

B．experienced both falls and rises

C．was reduced

D．remained stable

听力原文： One of ray main goals in this survey course of American painting and architecture is to train you to see. I want you to increase your stock of visual experiences by using the slide library at least five hours a week. The library, which is maintained by the Art History Department, is located in the basement of the Art Center, and is open seven days a week.

By the end of this course, I expect you to be able to identify two thousand slides of various American works of art. Slide identification questions will appear on the weekly exam and the final. During each of the ten weeks of this course, I will show a set of two hundred slides during my lectures. You should plan on looking at each set twice in the slide library, once before the week's lectures end one after. This pattern of three exposures will improve your visual memory. Please do not remove the slides from the slide library. Doing so is a cause for dismissal from the course.

Although becoming familiar with two thousand slides may sound difficult, experience has shown me that this is the beast way to increase the visual abilities of students such as yourselves, who have never taken an art history course before.

(33)

A．The material to be tested that day.

B．The history of the slide library.

C．The use of slides in the course.

D．The outline of the course.

The blues was born on the Mississippi River Delta in the early 1900s. After the Civil War, the slaves were free but life was still not easy. They had to find new work. In the South, work camps were formed. Black people from these camps worked on farms and on building up the Mississippi River banks. During the week the people worked long and hard. They often lived alone, without their families, far from home. On the weekends, the workers got together at picnics or drinking places. Traveling black musicians with guitars entertained them. The musicians sang songs about the difficult life of the workers. These songs were called the blues. If you have the blues it means you feel very sad. You can have the blues because you have no money, no job, no lover, or no home. But blue songs were not always sad. Some of them were happy and many of them were funny. Sometimes the blues singers had song contests. Each singer sang new words or a new style. of the blues song. They made up the music as they played. In this way they created new music. This is called improvisation. Later, improvisation became a very important part of jazz music. Blues began in the country in the South. As blacks moved into the big cities to work, the blues went with them. There, they sang about life in the cities. W. C. Handy, a black band leader from Memphis made the blues popular all over America. In 1914 he wrote the most famous blues song of all, "The St. Louis Blues".

After the Civil War, the Black people______.

A．were mostly slaves

B．still led a hard life

C．enjoyed their new life with families

D．worked on their own farms

What literary movements dominated the periods immediately before and after the American Civil War? What factors mainly caused the shift? Please name two representative authors respectively.