营养条件 nutritional condition

If it were discovered that the nutritional content of the U.S. food supply were degraded by the advertising of highly processed foods and such advertising was totally banned, which of the following possible results of the ban could be inferred from the passage?

A．The subscription costs of publications might rise.

B．The cost of cable television might rise.

C．The cost of free television might rise.

D．Fewer consumers would watch certain television shows.

Obesity

Obesity refers to the medical condition characterized by storage of excess body fat. The human body naturally stores fat tissue under the skin and around organs and joints. Fat is critical for good health because it is a source of energy when the body lacks the energy necessary to sustain life processes, and it provides insulation and protection for internal organs. But too much fat in the body is associated with a variety of health problems.

Most physicians use the body mass index (BMI) to determine desirable weights. BMI is calculated as weight divided by height and people with a BMI of 27 or above are considered obese.

Weight-height tables, such as those published by the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company, are also used as general measures of desirable weight ranges3. These tables assign a range of weights for a particular height. For example, a man of 1.8 m has a desirable range of 66 to 83 kg, with an average of 75 kg. A woman who is 1.6 m has a desirable range between 53 and 70 kg, with an average of 62 kg.

The BMI and weight-height tables only provide rough estimates of desirable weights and scientists recognize that many other factors besides height affect weight. Weight alone may not be an indicator of fat, as in the case of a body-builder who may have a high BMI because of a high percentage of muscle tissue, which weighs more than fat. Likewise, a person with a sedentary lifestyle. may be within a desirable weight range but have excess fat tissue.

Obesity increases the risk of developing disease. According to some estimates, almost 70 percent of heart disease cases are linked to excess body fat, and obese people are more than twice as likely to develop high blood pressure. Obese women are at nearly twice the risk for developing breast cancer, and all obese people have an estimated 42 percent higher chance of developing colon cancer. The risk of medical complications, particularly heart disease, increases when body fat is distributed around the waist, especially in the abdomen. This type of upper body fat distribution is more common in men than in women.

The social and psychological problems experienced by obese people are also formidable. Stereotypes about "fat" people are often translated into discriminatory practices in education, employment, and social relationships. The consequences of being obese in a world where people had better be "thin" are especially severe for women, whose appearances are often judged against an ideal of exaggerated slimness.

What is obesity?

A．Obesity is having fat tissue under the skin.

B．Obesity is having fat tissue around organs.

C．Obesity is being too fat.

D．Obesity is having good health.

Nutritional statements that depend on observation or anecdote should be given serious consideration, but consideration should also be given to the physical and psychological quirks of the observer. The significance attached to an experimental conclusion depends, in part, on the scientific credentials of the experimentalist; similarly, the significance of selected observations depends, again in part, on the preconceptions of the observer.

Regimes that are proposed by people who do not look as if they enjoyed their food, and who do not themselves have a well-fed air, may not be ideal for normal people. Graham Lusk, who combined expert knowledge with a normal appreciation of good food, describes how he and Chittenden, who advocated a low-protein diet, spent some weeks in Britain eating the rations of the 1914-1918 war and then got more ample rations on board ship. Lusk attributed his sense of well-being to the extra meat he was eating; Chittenden attributed it to the sea air.

When young animals are reared for sale as meat, the desirable amount of protein in their food is a simple matter of economics. Protein is expensive, so the amount given is increased up to the level at which the increased rate of growth is offset by the increased cost of the diet. As already mentioned, the efficiency with which protein is used to build the body diminishes as the percentage of protein in the diet increases. In practice, the best diets seem to contain between 15 and 25 per cent protein. It is not certain that maximum growth rate is desirable in children; some experiments with rats suggest that rapid growth is associated with a shorter ultimate expectation of life.

There are practical and ethical obstacles to human experiments in which the effect of protein can be measured. Children do not grow as fast as the young animals in which there is a commercial interest. Their need for protein is therefore presumably smaller, but there is no evidence that the desirable protein level, after weaning, is less than 15 per cent. An argument against this percentage of protein is that in human milk only 13 per cent of the solid material is protein. That protein is, however, of better quality than any protein likely to be given to infants that are not weaned on cow's milk.

Furthermore, milk, like other products of evolution, is a compromise. Mothers are not expendable. A species would not long survive if mothers depleted their own proteins so much in the course of feeding the first child that the prospects of later children were seriously jeopardized. Human milk is no doubt a good food, but the assumption that it is necessarily ideal is stretching belief in the beneficence and perfection of Nature too far.

When considering nutritional statements, apart from statements that depend on observation, we should also consider______.

A．the strange low-protein diet

B．the unusual character of the observer

C．the unexpected meals provided by the observer

D．the ample rations of the 1914 - 1918 war

材料：

Coastal conditions

The area described in the volume presents the mariner with a generally adverse combination of navigational factors which are outline below．

Local Topography．The Dover Strait is shallow and only is 18 miles wide at its narrowest point．Passage through the strait is further constricted by a series of narrow banks，running NE-SW．The seabed is also littered with wrecks．

Natural Conditions．There are strong tidal streams in the strait．Sea level may differ from that predicted and in particular may be lower than expected due to negative tidal surges．The area is also subject to gales and poor visibility．

Risk of Collision．There is a high risk of collision caused by the density of vessel traffic on passage through the strait，including deep-draught vessels，and crossing traffic，including ferries and high speed craft．

Mine danger area There are two areas off the N coast of France，which remain dangerous because of mines lied in the war of 1939-1945．Due to the lapse of time the risk to surface navigation is now considered to be no more dangerous than that the ordinary risks of navigation but a very real risk still exists with regard to anchoring，fishing or any form. submarine or seabed activity．

问题：

The crossing traffic in the Dover Strait is probably running ________．

A.NE-SW

B.SE-NW

C.N-S

D.E-W

It is implied in the passage that ________．A.mine is not a danger to surface navigation in Dover Strait

B.the width of Dover Strait is not so narrow

C.the natural conditions in Dover Strait are too serous

D.collision with deep-draught vessels or ferries or high speed craft in Dover Strait is hardly avoidable

According to the passage，the risk of collision in the Dover Strait is caused by ________．A.gales and poor visibility

B.a series of narrow banks

C.the density of vessel traffic on passage through the strait and crossing traffic

D.a generally adverse combination of navigational factors

It is inferred that ________．A.although the tidal streams in Dover Strait is strong，there were few ships sunk in it

B.most of the wrecks in Dover Strait were deep-draught vessels，ferries and high speed craft

C.the wrecks are not dangers to surface navigation

D.there were many ships sunk in Dover Strait

请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！

A Red Clause Documentary Credit is a Documentary Credit with a special condition incorporated into it that authorizes the Confirming Bank or any other Nominated Bank to make advances to the Beneficiary before presentation of the documents.

The clause is incorporated at the specific request of the Applicant, and the wording is de- pendent upon his requirements. The Red Clause Documentary Credit is so called because the clause was originally written in red ink to draw attention to the unique nature of this Documentary Credit. The clause specifies the amount of the advance authorized, which, in some in- stances, may be for the full amount of the Documentary Credit.

The Red Clause Documentary Credit is often used as a method of providing the seller with funds prior to shipment. Therefore, it is of value to middlemen and dealers in areas of commerce that require to a form. of pre - financing and when a buyer would be willing to make special concessions of this nature.

For example, it could be used by a wool importer in England to enable a wool shipper in Australia to obtain funds to pay the actual suppliers (either by direct purchase or through the wool auctions) by obtaining a loan from the Australian bank, either on an unsecured basis or against the security of interim documents. This would enable repayment of the loan, plus interest, from the proceeds due to the Australian Beneficiary when the wool was shipped and documents were presented in accordance with the terms of the Documentary Credit. If, however, the Beneficiary failed to ship the wool so as to repay the loan by presenting documents called for by the Documentary Credit, the Australian bank would have the right to demand repayment, with interest, from the Issuing Bank and that bank would have a similar right of recourse against the Applicant.

This kind of arrangement places the onus of final repayment on the applicant, who would be liable for repayment of the advances if the Beneficiary failed to present the documents called for under the Documentary Credit, and who would also be liable for all costs--such as interest or foreign exchange hedging-- incurred by the Issuing Bank, the Confirming Bank, if any, or any other Nominated Bank.

What does a Red Clause Documentary Credit mean?

A．It is a kind of Documentary Credit with a special condition incorporated into it that authorizes the Confirming Bank to make loans to the sellers prior to shipment.

B．It is a Documentary Credit without recourse as a "Confirming Bank" to the Issuing Bank, which clearly did not request or authorizes the bank to "add its confirmation".

C．It is a Documentary Credit with a special condition incorporate into it that authorizes the Confirming Bank or any other Nominated Bank to provide the Beneficiary with funds before presentation of the documents.

D．It is a Documentary Credit that may provide for automatic reinstatement immediately upon presentation of the specified documents.

What can be concluded from the fact that Mexico's educational condition seems worse?

A．The economical condition is poor.

B．Mexico lost its membersmip in the OECD.

C．Almost all Mexicans are incapable of critical thinking.

D．Fewer teenagers in its own country are good at thinking and maths.

A．His advanced age.

B．His children's efforts.

C．His improved financial condition.

D．His second wife's positive influence.

Chinese students physical condition is in decline, such as low vital capacity, overweight, myopia, etc. , according to the report on students physical quality and health surveillance recently released by the Ministry of Education. Write a composition of about 200 words on the following topic: On Chinese Students Declining Physical Quality

A credit contains a special condition which authorises the confirming bank or any other nominated bank to make advances to the beneficiary before presentation of the documents, such credit is called:

  (1)( ) Red Clause credit.

  (2)( ) Revolving credit.

  (3)( ) Transferable credit.

单句理解

听力原文：Interest rate risk refers to the exposure of a bank's financial condition to adverse movements in interest rates.

(1)

A．Bank's financial condition is the cause of interest rate risk.

B．Bank's financial condition has impact on interest rate risk.

C．Interest rate risk occurs when interest rate moves against the bank's financial condition.

D．Interest rate risk occurs when interest rate favours the bank's financial condition.