Write down the most impressive classic film clips from the movie you have ever watched to share with others.

The Most Important Secret About Trust

What Is Trust?

You know when you have trust; you know when you don't have trust. Yet, what is trust and how is trust usefully defined for the workplace? Can you build trust when it doesn't exist? How do you maintain and build upon the trust you may currently have in your workplace? These are important questions for today's rapidly changing world.

Trust forms the foundation for effective communication, employee retention, and employee motivation and contribution of discretionary (自由决定的) energy, the extra effort that people voluntarily invest in work. When trust exists in an organization or in a relationship, almost everything is easier to achieve.

According to Dr. Duane C. Tway, Jr. in his 1993 dissertation, A Construct of Trust, "There exists today, no practical construct of Trust that allows us to design and implement organizational interventions to significantly increase trust levels between people. We all think we know what Trust is from our own experience, but we don't know much about how to improve it. Why? I believe it is because we have been taught to look at Trust as if it were a single entity."

The Three Constructs of Trust

Tway defines trust as "the state of readiness for unguarded interaction with someone or something". He developed a model of trust that includes three components. He calls trust a construct because it is "constructed" of these three components: the capacity for trusting, the perception of competence, and the perception of intentions. Thinking about trust as made up of the interaction and existence of these three components makes "trust" easier to understand. The capacity for trusting means that your life experiences have developed your current capacity and willingness to risk trusting others. The perception of competence is made up of your perception of your ability and the ability of others with whom you work in your current situation. The perception of intentions, as defined by Tway, is your perception that the actions, words, missions, or decisions are motivated by mutually-serving rather than self-serving motives.

Why Trust Is Critical in a Healthy Organization?

How important is building a trusting work environment? According to Tway, people have been interested in trust since Aristotle. Tway states,"Aristotle (384BC-322BC), writing in the Rhetoric, suggested that Ethos, the Trust of a speaker by the listener, was based on the listener's perception of three characteristics of the speaker. Aristotle believed these three characteristics to be the intelligence of the speaker (correctness of opinions, or competen'ce), the character of the speaker (reliability--a competence factor, and honest--measure of intentions), and the goodwill of the speaker (favorable intentions toward the listener). I don't think this has changed much even today."

Additional research by Tway and others shows that trust is the basis for much of the environment you want to create in your workplace. Trust is the necessary precursor (先兆)for:

?feeling able to rely upon a person,

?cooperating with and experiencing teamwork with a group,

?taking thoughtful risks, and

?experiencing believable communication.

How to Maintain Trust?

The best way to maintain a trusting work environment is to keep from injuring trust in the first place. The integrity of the leadership of the organization is critical. The truthfulness and transparency of the communication with staff is also a critical factor. The presence of a strong, unifying mission and vision can also promote a trusting environment.

Providing information about the rationale, background, and thought processes behind decisions is also an important aspect of maintaining trust. Another is organizational success; peo

A．Y

B．N

C．NG

If you have ever dreamed of slipping into the comforting softness of a cashmere sweater you should follow the example of the habitual wearers and make sure that it has been knitted in the Scottish Borders—nothing else will do for them as it is pure luxury. But what makes Scottish Borders Cashmere so special? To begin with the Border knitters insist on using only the best cashmere painstakingly produced in one of the most barren parts of China. The cashmere is hand combed from the under fleece of the Mongolian goat and one of them produces in a year only enough yam to make a scarf. It takes three goats to produce one simple sweater!

This rare natural fiber has then to be transported to Britain for processing. A highly skilled system, invented by Joseph Dawson in the 1880's, removes every impurity and coarse grade hair so that only the softest down is left. After spinning the Border knitters use their traditional expertise to ensure that this wonderful softness is kept by careful" milling"—their term for washing the garment after knitting-in pure soft Scottish water.

Of course all this care and attention makes cashmere very expensive but retailers have noticed that whenever there is a rise in the price of cashmere, an inevitably regular occurrence with a scarce, hard-to-produce commodity, customers rarely trade down even to finest lambs wool. They may attempt to ration themselves to one sweater less this season but, for them, it really is a matter of nothing but the best.

But even the most traditional of garments are subject to fashion. The cashmere manufacturers of the Borders realized that, if they were to keep their grand old labels hot and desirable, they had to out Lauren Ralph and chivvy at Chanel's heels: "The strength of Borders cashmere", says Helen Bottle, the textile designer who manages The Studio," is its well known quality and slams. But in today's market, you need other factors. Better, more fashionable, more exciting design is one. We have gone beyond the traditional Scottish jumper market and into the field of well-designed, fashioned knitted clothing. "

For cashmere addicts, life has never been more dangerous. Where once they could only satisfy their craving by having their little jumper in every color in both round neck and polo, now there is an embarrassment of choice.

Which of the following procedure is NOT specifically explained as a guarantee of good quality for Scottish Borders Cashmere?

A．Its raw material from the best producers.

B．Its sorting out the inferior from the superior.

C．Its milling with special water.

D．Its spinning of Borders' traditional skill.

听力原文： Have you ever played the game of five stones?. To play it you can use any small pebbles which may be lying around, but, for one of your stones, you would certainly not use a Diamond worth hundreds of pounds. Yet this is what the son of a South African farmer did in the year 1866. When he picked up what he thought was a stone, he did not know that he had become the first person to find a diamond in South Africa.

A few years later, thousands of miners were at work there. They rushed from all over the world to seek their fortunes. Most of the miners dreamed of finding one of the large stones, perhaps one like the famous Cullinan Diamond, which was found in 1905 and was as big as a man's fist. This great stone was cut into several small gems, some of which can now be seen amongst the Crown Jewels in the Tower of London.

The modem world, however, has found more important uses for its diamond than the making of jewellery. They have been put to work; for diamond is the hardest mineral foud in our earth. It can cut or polish the hardest steel or grind its way through solid rock. Only a diamond is hard enough to cut another diamond, and it is not the big stones which are needed for the drills, saws and grindingwheels. Only factories now demand the diamond dust which the early miners looked upon as useless.

Yet it is a strange fact that nature makes its hardest mineral from exactly the same sub- stance as one of its softest. This soft mineral is graphite, which is very easily broken up and is used to make the "lead" in your pencil. The name "lead" should not really be used, because graphite consists of nothing but carbon—just the same as a diamond.

What was the dream of the early miners.-

A．They wanted to get as much diamond as they could.

B．They wanted to make their fortunes.

C．They wanted to find a large diamond.

D．They wanted to find the Cullian Diamond.

You have been asked to write a report on water-saving issue to the administrative committee of the university. Task: As a volunteer, write a one-paragraph report in about 100 words on the main findings of your personal check-up of the water supply facilities on campus. Include what you consider to be the best measures to effectively correct the situation.

Have you ever suddenly felt that someone you know was in trouble-and he was? Have you ever dreamed something that came true later? Maybe you have ESP(超感官知觉).

ESP stands for Extra Sensory Perception. It may be called a sixth sense. It seems to let people know about events before they happen, or events that are happening some distance away.

Here is an example: A woman was doing washing. Suddenly she screamed. "My father is dead! I saw him sitting in the chair!' Just then, a telegram came. The woman's father had died of a heart attack. He died sitting in a chair.

There are thousands of stories like this on record. Scientists are studying them to find out what is behind these strange mental messages. Here's another example--one of hundreds of dreams that have come true.

A man dreamed he was walking along a road when a horse and carriage came by. The driver said, "There's room for one more." The man felt the driver was Death, so he ran away. The next day the man was getting on a crowded bus. The bus driver said, "There's room for one more." Then the man saw the driver's face was the same face he had seen in the dream. He wouldn't get on the bus. As the bus drove off, it crashed and burst into flames. Everyone was killed!

Some people say stories like these are lies or coincidences. Others, including some scientists say that ESP is true. From studies of ESP, we may some day learn more about the human mind.

ESP lets people know about

A．their dreams

B．events after they happen

C．events before they happen

D．heart attacks

听力原文：M: Well, you seemed to be having fun watching the movie?

W: Yeah, it was funny. I think it kept me in stitches right from the start.

M: You know, whenever I watch a comedy, I always like to know why it is that people like to laugh. I mean, why does it feel so good to laugh?

W: Yeah, I heard from my biology professor that even after centuries of scientific research, no one knows why human beings and just a few other primates laugh.

M: I read that Charles Darwin thought that laughter begins with small babies. He believed that even prehistoric parents must have interpreted baby’s laughter. The parents enjoyed the laughter, which encouraged them to continue caring for the child.

W: Yes, apparently researchers have also found that it has a positive effect on many parents and that it produces certain hormones that actually switch on the body’s immune system and actually help fight off diseases. So it could be helpful to fight off diseases.

M: I also heard that some psychology professors found that men are more likely to make jokes than women are, and women are more likely to laugh at them than men are. 30

W: If only your jokes are funny, I might laugh more and fit the pattern.

M: Well, I’ve heard that apes also like laughing.

W: I heard that too. Chimpanzees, apes, and a few other primates laugh, but no other animals do. I’ve seen them laugh at zoos, when tickling each other, and when playing chasing games. Their laugh sounds like rapid panting, but I’ve been assured it’s a kind of laughing.

M: Which reminds me I’d better get back to those apes I have for roommates before they eat all the chicken I left out in the kitchen!

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A．The purpose of laughter.

B．The cause of laughter and its effects.

C．Why and when people laugh.

D．The origin of laughter.