Did Columbus fulfill his plan of sailing west to reach the Indies ？Why？ 2. How long did it take to finish the first voyage？

Determined to make it on his own, Bush did not tell his father that he was applying to Harvard Business School. (2) The "West Point of Capitalism" was not inundated with applicants in tile anti-business early' 70s, so Bush got in, despite mediocre grades that kept him out of his first choice of grad schools, the University of Tex- as Law School. Bush posed as a redneck rebel at Harvard, wearing his National Guard flight jacket and cowboy boots and chewing tobacco as he sat at the back of the class, spitting into a paper cup. (3) But he showed early signs of the self-discipline that would become more characteristic as time went on. He kept up with the grueling ease- work, particularly in a course called Human Organization and Behavior. Here were formal lessons in organizing and managing people that Bush had only intuited as an Andover cheerleader. He developed his basic approach to leadership at Harvard's training ground for future CEOs. The essence was to think Big Picture, don't get caught in the details, delegate and decide. (4) Bush whizzes through briefing books today, prefer- ring to listen rather than read, but his friends say he has an ability to cut to the chase. If Bush seems less substantive than a Bill Clinton--or an Al Gore--he can blame a Harvard education.

(5) Bush hardly mentions Harvard today. He loathed what he saw as the university's liberal, intellectually pretentious atmosphere. On weekends at the home of his aunt Nancy Ellis, who lived in Boston, Bush railed against the "smugness" of Cambridge. He pined to get back to Texas. While Bush's classmates headed for Wall Street, Bush went to look for a job in the oil Patch, again following his father whose portrait hangs in Midland's Petroleum Hall of Fame.

(81)

【T1】Determined to make it on his own, Bush did not tell his father that he was applying to Harvard Business School.【T2】The "West Point of Capitalism" was not inundated with applicants in the anti-business early 70s, so Bush got in, despite mediocre grades that kept him out of his first choice of grade schools, the University of Texas Law School. Bush posed as a redneck rebel at Harvard, wearing his National Guard flight jacket and cowboy boots and chewing tobacco as he sat at the back of the class, spitting into a paper cup. 【T3】But he showed early signs of the self-discipline that would become more characteristic as time went on. He kept up with the grueling casework, particularly in a course called Human Organization and Behavior. Here were formal lessons in organizing and managing people that Bush had only intuited as an Andover cheerleader. He developed his basic approach to leadership at Harvards training ground for future CEOs. The essence was to think Big Picture, dont get caught in the details, delegate and decide. 【T4】Bush whizzes through briefing books today, preferring to listen rather than read, but his friends say he has an ability to cut to the chase. If Bush seems less substantive than a Bill Clinton — or an Al Gore — he can blame a Harvard education. 【T5】Bush hardly mentions Harvard today. He loathed what he saw as the universitys liberal, intellectually pretentious atmosphere. On weekends at the home of his aunt Nancy Ellis, who lived in Boston, Bush railed against the "smugness" of Cambridge. He pined to get back to Texas. While Bushs classmates headed for Wall Street, Bush went to look for a job in the oil Patch, again following his father whose portrait hangs in Midlands Petroleum Hall of Fame.

【T1】

Eastern medicines are becoming more popular in the west, but few people realize how long the two cultures have exchanged ideas. Now an exhibition at the Science Museum in London explores how the two have interacted on medicine through the centuries. Called East Meets West: Medical Ideas on the Move. It looks at examples of how ideas and technologies have moved from one side of the world to another. It opens on Thursday and is based on an exhibition presented by the Welcome Trust; Neil Fazakerley is curator of the exhibition. He said, "Its attractive because its taking a medical history story but from a slightly different angle, showing how the different cultures have interacted. " "Its obvious that eastern medical practices are becoming more popular in the west but maybe people dont know that ideas have been exchanged for thousands of years and medicine is not a static thing. " The exhibition details four main areas: Ancient Greek and Islamic medical ideas, and how they were reborn into western culture. The exhibition starts in the ninth and tenth centuries when Baghdad was the center of Islamic science and its highly sophisticated medical system. Through the translation work of Persian scholars, ancient Greek medical thought Islamic medical system. It was when westerners started charging into the east on crusades during the twelfth century that European scholars became increasingly interested in Islamic medicine. Arabic material was translated into Latin, the European scholars language of the time, thus preserving the Greek tradition that may otherwise have been lost. Coexistence of Islamic and Indian traditions and the development of western medicine in colonial India — the traditional Indian medical system, known as ayurveda or "the knowledge of life" — has existed in some form. for more than 2, 000 years. During foreign invasions from the eleventh century onwards the Islamic unani system of medicine was brought to India. The Indian name for Islamic medicine "unani" refers originally to the Greeks. The two systems complemented each other well and both ayurveda and unani flourish today in India. European colonists from the sixteenth century onwards, gained knowledge of plants, diseases and surgical techniques that were unknown in the West. One such example is rauwolfia(萝芙木)serpentia(姜蛇根), a plant used in traditional Indian medicine. The active ingredient is today used to treat hypertension and anxiety in the west. The flow of ideas turned with the growth of the British Empire in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, as many Western style. hospitals and medical colleges were established in India. Inoculation — a true example of collaborative medicine. " A good example of the exchange of medical ideas between east and west is that of immunization," the exhibition says. Smallpox inoculation has long been used by physicians in Asia and Africa by deliberately attempting to give people a mild smallpox infection. The technique became known in Europe in the eighteenth century and this technique was practiced for a while on the British aristocracy.

The earliest Eastern medical thought brought to European was from______.

A．ancient Greek medicine

B．ancient Indian medicine

C．Persian medicine

D．Islamic medicine

听力原文：M: How long shall we stay at the Grand Canyon?

W: A day?

M: Well, I think we need a bit mom time. There's so much m see around there. How about two days?

W: OK. That sounds reasonable.

M: What about Yellowstone? The travel agent suggested four days there.

W: I think that's tm much. We don't have enough time. Let's plan on three.

M: OK. And a clay at Mount Rushmore?

W: Right. I just want m see the stone faces.

M: And how many extra days in Washington? Two? Three?

W: Two. That'll give us five days there all together.

M: Yes. OK. And that leaves two days for the redwood trees in Sequoia National Park.

W: Maybe me day would be bettor. Then we'd have extra time in San Francisco.

M: Oh, I don't know. I'd rather stay in Sequoia for an extra day.

W: All right. That's ok with me.

(20)

A．One.

B．Two.

C．Three.

D．Four.

听力原文： Early in the 16th century men were trying to reach Asia by traveling west from Europe. In order to find Asia they had to find a way past South America. The man who eventually found the way from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific was Ferdinand Magellan. Magellan sailed from Seville in August 1519 with five ships and about 280 men. Fourteen months later, after spending the severe winter on the coast of Patagonia, he discovered the channel which is now called Magellan's Strait. In November 1520, after many months of dangers from rocks and storms, the three remaining ships entered the ocean on the other side of South America. They then continued, hoping to reach Asia, but they did not see any land until they reached the islands off the coast of Asia. Before they arrived at these islands, later known as the Philippines, men were dying of starvation. While they were staying in the Philippines, Magellan was killed in battle. The remaining officers then had to get back to Spain. They decided to sail around Africa. After many difficulties, one ship with eighteen men sailed into Seville three years after leaving. They were all that remained of Magellan's expedition. However, their achievement was great. They were the first men to sail round the world.

The purpose of Magellan's expedition was

A．to sail round the world.

B．to find navigation lane from the Atlantic to the Pacific.

C．to make a voyage to Asia.

D．to carry men to Philippines.

听力原文： Early in the 16th century men were trying to reach Asia by traveling west from Europe. (18[C])In order to find Asia they had to find a way past South America. The man who eventually found the way from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific was Ferdinand Magellan.

Magellan sailed from Seville in August 1519 with five ships and about 280 men. Fourteen months later, (19[B])after spending the severe winter on the coast of Patagonia, he discovered the channel which is now called Magellan's Strait. In November 1520, (19[D])after many months of dangers from rocks and storms, the three remaining ships entered the ocean on the other side of South America.

They then continued, hoping to reach Asia, but they did not see any land until they reached the islands off the coast of Asia. Before they arrived at these islands, later known as the Philippines, men were dying of starvation. While they were staying in the Philippines, (19[C])Magellan was killed in battle. The remaining officers then had to get back to Spain. They decided to sail around Africa. After many difficulties, one ship with eighteen men sailed into Seville three years after leaving. They were all that remained of Magellan's expedition. However, their achievement was great. They were the first men to sail round the world.

The purpose of Magellan’s expedition was ______.

A．to sail round the world

B．to find navigation lane from the Atlantic to the Pacific

C．to make a voyage to Asia

D．to carry men to Philippines