In a BP debate, people or parties that are involved in the consideration of the pros and cons of a policy can be called stakeholders.（）

A recent study in the United States reports that the family life, education and health of America's children are generally improving, though child poverty has risen for the first time in a decade, according to the government's broadest measure of children's well-being.

The report shows that the teenage birth rate is down, young people are less likely to be involved in violent crimes and the death rate for this group has declined.

Experts say that teenagers who give birth are less likely to finish high school or to graduate from college than other girls of their age. Also, infants born to teenage mothers are more likely to be of low birth weight, which increases their chances of blindness, deafness, mental retardation, mental illness and cerebral palsy.

The study shows that young people were less likely to be victimized in a serious violent crime -- murder, rape, robbery or aggravated assault -- or to commit one. In 2002, there were 11 serious violent crimes per 1,000 people aged 12 to 17, compared with 15 per 1,000 youths in 2001.

Child mortality declined, too. In 2000, there were 18 deaths for every 100,000 children aged 5 to 14; a year later, there were 17 deaths for every 100,000 children in this age group. The infant mortality rate slightly increased. Seven of every 1,000 infants died before their first birthday in 2002, compared with a record low of 6.8 per. 1,000 in 2001.

Still, children are more likely to be overweight than they were before and child poverty has inched up after several years of decline.

The number of overweight children increased to 16 percent between 1999 and 2000, compared with from 11 percent in the early 1990s and 6 percent in the late 1970s.

That development "jeopardizes our children's future, making them vulnerable to chronic conditions such as diabetes and hypertension previously associated more with adults than with children," said Edward J. Sondik, director of the Center for Disease Control's National Center for Health Statistics.

The report said Mexican-American boys were at the highest risk, with 27 percent overweight followed by non-Hispanic girls at 23 percent.

The child obesity issue is a major cause for concern, a health expert said to reporters.

"This is a trend that's been at work since 1980 ... and as a trend, it shows no sign of reversing," the expert said.

Child poverty also grew, reaching 11. 6 million in 2002, compared with 11. 2 million a year earlier. Children living with single females continued to experience a higher poverty rate in 2002 than their counterparts in married-couple families -- 40 percent compared with 9 percent.

In 2002, 73 million children under 18 lived in the United States and made up 25 percent of the population.

A new study says many young people in the United States take substances that are claimed to make people【B1】______sports better. The study says that about one million Americans between the ages of 12 and 17 have used these sports supplements. Those who【B2】______what sports supplements they used identified creatine(肌酸) as the most【B3】______. The body produces creatine【B4】______. Some famous American【B5】______use products with creatine to increase the【B6】______of their muscles. In the United States, the substance is sold【B7】______in candy and other foods. However, creatine has also been linked to health problems. One doctor said that the substance causes【B8】______pain. He said it also has been linked to muscle injury and kidney problems. A trade group for supplement makers said it believes that creatine is safe, when it is taken by someone responsible. The trade group says there is a large amount of evidence that shows creatine is helpful for healthy people. Seventy percent of the young people questioned in the study could not identify any harmful effects that might【B9】______using sports supplements. Yet 96 percent of them believed that people who use the supplements face the possibility of some health damage. The researchers urged American parents and teachers to【B10】______children about the issue. They also urged the government to take action to limit the marketing and sales of supplements to young people.

【B1】

Hippies were members of a youth movement of the 1960's and 1970's that started in the United States and spread to Canada, Great Britain, and many other countries. The hippies rejected the customs, traditions, and life styles of society and tried to develop those of their own. Most hippies came from white middle-class families and ranged in age from 15 to 25 years old. They thought too many adults cared about making money and little else. The term hippie may come from the word hip, which means "turned-in" or aware.

Hippies wanted a world based on love of humanity and peace. Many believed that wonderful, magical changes were about to take place. They thought these changes would happen as soon as people learned to express their feelings honestly and to behave naturally at all times. Hippies strongly opposed U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War.

Many hippies lived together in small groups, working with one another and sharing possessions. Others refused to be tied down to a fixed job or home. They wandered from place to place seeking part-time work and temporary shelter. Some begged for spare change and lived in the streets or camped in parks or other public lands.

Hippies were sometimes called "flower children" because they gave people flowers to communicate gentleness and love. They let their hair grow long and walked barefoot or in sandals. Hippies attracted public attention by wearing clothing that featured unusual combinations of colors and textures. A large number of hippies used marijuana, LSD, and other drugs. Drug experiences shaped many of their symbols and ideas.

The Beatles, a popular English rock group, helped spread the hippie movement with their song. Hippie favorites included such other rock groups as the Grateful Dead and the Jefferson Airplane, singers Joan Baez and Bob Dylan, poet Allen Ginsberg, and novelist Ken Kesey. Many hippies admired Timothy Leary, a psychologist who preached salvation through the use of drugs.

In time, most hippies realized it was not easy to reform. society by "dropping'out" of it. Some joined more organized political movements to work for specific social causes. Others turned to spirituality or religion. The majority simply left the hippie stage of their lives behind while trying to hold on to at least a few of the ideals that once inspired them.

It can be inferred from the passage that hippies called themselves "hippies" because______.

A．they wanted to be different and independent

B．they wanted people to be aware of the necessity for radical changes

C．they considered traditional values worthless

D．they begged people to notice the changes around themselves

What is the percentage of the population in the United States that doesn’t get bank loans?

A．Roughly 20 percent.

B．The article didn't say.

C．More than 10 percent.

D．Less than 10 percent.

Opponents of laws that require automobile drivers and passengers to wear seat belts argue that in a free society people have the right to take risks as long as the people do not harm others as a result of taking the risks. As a result, they conclude that it should be each person s decision whether or not to wear a seat belt. Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the conclusion drawn above?

A．Many new cars are built with seat belts that automatically fasten when someone sits in the front seat.

B．Automobile insurance rates for all automobile owners are higher because of the need to pay for the increased injuries or deaths of people not wearing seat belts.

C．Passengers in airplanes are required to wear seat belts during takeoffs and landings.

D．The rate of automobile fatalities in states that do not have mandatory seat-belt laws is greater than the rate of fatalities in states that do have such laws.

E．In automobile accidents, a greater number of passengers who do not wear seat belts are injured than are passengers who do wear seat belts.

What were some of the factors that contributed to the tulip craze in the Netherlands in the seventeenth century? Choose 3 answers.

A．Wealthy gardeners liked to compete for rare plants.

B．The number of people with disposable income was growing.

C．Tulip bulbs were initially cheap and easy to obtain.

D．Tulips in the wild bloomed in unusual color combinations.

E．The tulip market was not regulated by the government.

In the United States there are six million tennis players and twelve million golfers. These figures would not surprise most people. But many would be surprised to learn that twenty million Americans ride motorcycles. Few people realize that motorcycling is fast becoming one of America's most popular sports.

Many kinds of people enjoy motorcycling. The average American motorcyclist is between the ages of twenty-one and thirty-five. He owns his own house, and has a wife, more than one child, and at least one car. He is a responsible citizen.

Cycle Magazine, a monthly publication with almost 280,000 readers, claims that about fifty-five per cent of American motorcyclists are businessmen, with three per cent in the professions and nine per cent in government service. Such information is offered by motorcyclists in the hope of improving the general public's impression of their sport. The public has tended to believe that all motorcycles are ridden by wild, irresponsible, lawless young man.

There are several things about motorcycling that the average citizen dislikes.

Motorcyclists often look dirty; in fact, they are dirty. On the road there is little to protect them from mud, crushed insects, and bird droppings. For practical reasons they often dress in old clothing which looks much less respectable than the clothing of people who ride in cars.

Probably the machine itself also produces anger and fear. Motorcycles are noisy, though some big trucks are even noisier. But trucks are big and carry heavy loads; they are accepted because they perform. a needed service, making America move. Motorcycles, on the other hand, make an unpleasant noise just to give their riders pleasure. That is what is commonly thought.

Of course the danger of motorcycling also helps account for many people'slow opinion of the sport. Its defenders, however, claim that careful cyclists arein less danger than is commonly believed.

As motorcycling becomes more common in years to come, it will be interesting to see how people in general feel about the sport. Perhaps it will someday become as respectable as tennis or golf.

(1) Motorcyclists ().

A、are wild, irresponsible, lawless young man

B、are all businessmen

C、hope to improve the general public's impression of their sport

D、want to own his own house and at least one car

(2) The average citizen dislikes motorcycling not because ().

A、motorcyclists often look dirty

B、motorcycles make an unpleasant noise

C、it is dangerous

D、it is not as popular as tennis

(3) Why do motorcyclists often dress in old clothing?

A、For practical reasons.

B、It looks cool and wild.

C、They do not want to be looked respectable.

D、Because motorcycles are dirty.

(4) People accept noisier big trucks because ().

A、they are big and carry heavy loads

B、they perform. a needed service

C、they give their riders pleasure

D、they are not roaring along quiet streets.

(5) Which of the following ideas is suggested in the passage?

A、In the United States there are twelve million tennis players and six million golfers.

B、There are 280,000 motorcyclists in the United States.

C、Many people realize that motorcycling is becoming one of America's most popular sports.

D、Motorcycling becomes more common in the future.

Each of the following is a valid conclusion from the graphs and the fact that the population of the United States was greater in 1995 than in 1991 EXCEPT

A．In 1991, adults whose highest degree was at least a bachelor's degree were more than twice as likely to participate in adult educa-tion than those whose highest educational attainment was a high school diploma or GED (high school equivalency diploma).

B．On a percentage basis, from 1991 to 1995, the greatest increase in the adult education par-ticipation rate was among those adults whose highest educational attainment was grades 9-12, without earning a high school diploma.

C．In 1995, more people participated in adult edu-cation programs than in 1991.

D．From 1991 to !995 the rate of participation in adult education among the groups represented in the graphs increased the least for those who had attained at least a bachelor's degree.

E．In 1995, more adults with at least a bachelor's degree participated in adult education than did adults who attended some college but did not earn a college degree.