Read the article below about foundations of business. Choose the correct word or phrase t

?Choose the correct word or phrase to fill each gap from A, B, C, or D

?For each question 21—30, mark one letter (A, B, C, or D) on your Answer Sheet.

Business is the organized effort of individuals to produce and sell, for a profit, the goods and services that please society's needs. Four kinds of resources—material, human, financial, and informational—must be (21) to start and operate a business. The three general types of businesses are manufacturers, service businesses, and marketing middlemen.

Profit is what remains after all business expenses are (22) from sales revenue. It is thus the payment that business owners receive for (23) the risks of business: primarily the risks of not receiving payment and of losing whatever has been (24) in the firm. Most often, a business that is operated to satisfy its customers earns a reasonable profit.

By studying business, you can become a more (25) consumer and investor and be a better employee. And with a working knowledge of business, you may decide to open your own business.

Since its beginnings in the seventeenth century, American business has been based on private ownership of (26) and freedom of enterprise. And from this beginning, through the Industrial Revolution of the early nineteenth century, to the (27) expansion of American industry in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, our government (28) an essentially laissez-faire attitude toward business. However, during the Great (29) of the 1930s, the federal government began to provide a number of social services to its citizens. Government's role in business has expanded (30) since that time.

(21)

A．connected

B．united

C．combined

D．joined

?Choose the correct word or phrase to fill each gap from A, B, C, or D.

?For each question 21--30, mark one letter (A, B, C, or D) on your Answer Sheet.

Cars in America

Before the 20th century the horse provided day to day transportation in the United States. Trains were used only for long-distance transportation. Today the car is the most popular means of transportation in all of the United States. It has completely (21) the horse as a means of everyday transportation. Americans use their car for (22) 90 percent of all personal (23)

Most Americans are able to (24) cars. The average price of a (25) made car was, 650 in 1950, 740 in 1960 and up to, 750 (26) 1975. During this period American car manufacturers set about (27) their products and work efficiency.

As a result, the yearly income of the (28) family increased from 1950 to 1975 (29) than the price of cars.

For this reason, (30) a new car takes a smaller part of a family's total earnings today.

(21)

A．denied

B．reproduced

C．replaced

D．ridiculed

?Choose the correct word or phrase to fill each gap from A, B, C, or D.

?For each question 21—30, mark one letter (A, B, C, or D) on your Answer Sheet.

Targeted Talent Management

Most large organizations talk about Talent Management as part of their wider (21) It is a crucial way of securing, developing and motivating people with the right skills and approaches to meet business (22)

But how many of our strategic goals are fully (23) by our talented people? All too often, we find that we don’t have the right people in place to fill a (24) when it appears, or we simply can't keep (25) of the individuals we want. Even worse, talented people may simply not be operating at the (26) we require.

So what can we do to (27) these missed opportunities? I believe that the biggest single challenge is achieving genuine "connectedness" between Talent Strategy and Business Strategy. A wide range of people processes often take place without a clear relationship with the (28) aims and culture of the business.

Think about (29) , performance management and development-to what extent are these processes based on a clear analysis of the talents and skills that people will need to operate at the next level? To what extent do you build people's capability and (30) . to meet the needs of the business in a few years' time? It is vitally important to build a clear definition of what each organisation really means by talent throughout the organisation. The acid test is simple-do people with these qualities deliver the kinds of business success we are aiming for?

(21)

A．strategy

B．opportunities

C．approaches

D．processes

?Choose the correct word or phrase to fill each gap from A, B, C, or D.

?For each question 21—30, mark one letter (A, B, C, or D) on your Answer Sheet.

Are Improvements Worth Paying for?

As goods and services improved, people were persuaded to spend their money in changing from old to new, and found the change worth the expense. When an airline equipped itself with jets, for example, its costs and therefore airfares would go up , but the new planes meant such an improvement that the higher cost was justified. A new car or wireless washing machine, electric kettle made life so much more comfortable than the old one that the high cost of replacement was amply (21) . Manufacturers still cry their wares as persuasively as (22) but are the improvements really worth paying for? In many fields things have now reached such a high standard of performance that (23) progress is very limited and very, very expensive. Airlines, for example, go to enormous expense (24) buying the latest prestige jets, in which vast research costs have been (25) on relatively small improvements. If we scrape these vast costs we might lose the chance of paring minutes (26) flying times; but wouldn't it be better to see air fares drop dramatically, as capital costs become relatively insignificant? Again, in the context of a 70 m.p.h, limit, with platoons of cars traveling so densely (27) control each other's speeds, improvements in performance are virtually irrelevant. Small improvements here are unlikely to be worth the thousands anybody replacing a(an) (28) family car every two years may ultimately have spent on them. Let us (29) have cars—or wirelesses, electric kettles, washing machines, light bulbs—which are made to last, and not made to be replaced. Significant progress is obviously a good thing; but the insignificant (30) from model-change to model-change is not.

(21)

A．replaced

B．regained

C．resigned

D．repaid

?Choose the correct word or phrase to fill each gap from A, B, C, or D.

?For each question 21—30, mark one letter (A, B, C, or D) on your Answer Sheet.

In just eight years, by 2010, there will be 58 million jobs in the United States, D the Bureau of Labor Statistics. The bureau (21) between now and 2010 some 22 million new jobs will be created. And 36 million more (22) will result from retirements and others who drop out of the workforce. Nearly all that job (23) , incidentally, will come in the service sector. Manufacturing jobs will grow at only (24) of a percent annually. That's not because those jobs are going overseas, by the way. Blame the slow growth in manufacturing (25) the fast growth in manufacturing productivity.

Ed Potter, president of the Employment Policy Foundations in Washington, said the foundation's analysis of job growth and wharfs (26) happening in education show there could be as (27) as 3.5 million professionals at the end of this decade.

Despite the current recession and layoffs, a (28) of employers by the National Association of Manufacturers found 80 percent of companies say a severe shortage of qualified job (29) already exists. And 60 percent of those companies said the lack of skilled workers is (30) their ability to produce.

(21)

A．persists

B．predicts

C．distinguishes

D．extinguishes

?Choose the correct word to fill each gap from A，B，C or D．

?For each question(21-30)，mark one letter(A，B，C or D)on your Answer Sheet．

The three basic levels of management are top，middle，and first-line top．

The fairly small number of executives who guide the fortunes of most companies are (21) managers．Common titles for top managers include President，Vice President，Treasurer，Chief (22) Officer(CEO)，and Chief Financial Officer (CFO)．Top managers are responsible to the board of directors and stockhoIders of the firm for its overall (23) and effectiveness．They set general policies，formulate strategies，oversee all significant decisions，and represent the company in its (24) other businesses and government．

Although they are below the ranks of the top executives，middle managers (25) positions of considerable autonomy and importance．Titles such as P1ant Manager，Operations Manager，and Division Manager are typical of middle-management slots． (26) ，middle managers are responsible for implementing the strategies． policies，and decisions made by top managers．For example，if top management decides to bring (27) a new product in 12 months or to cut costs by 5 percent，middle management will have to decide to increase the pace of new product development or to reduce the plant'S work force．With companies increasingly seeking ways to cut (28) ，however，the job of middle manager has lately become an unsteady one in many large companies．

At the bottom of the management hierarchy are first-line managers，who supervise the work of employees．First-line managers hold (29) ．such as Supervisor，Office Manager，and Foreman．First-line managers tend to spend most of their time working with and supervising the employees who (30) to them．Some have entered the firm without a college degree or have been promoted from within the company．

(22)

A．top

B．down

C．utmost

D．supervisor

?Choose the correct word to fill each gap from A, B or C.

?For each question (29-40), mark one letter (A, B or C).

SANDWICH SUCCESS

Britain's sandwich business is expanding fast. Half the population buy sandwiches at least twice (29) week, and they are spending more (30) them. (31)

sandwiches are made at home, while (32) from shops are selling in growing numbers.

One reason is that packaging keeps sandwiches fresh for up to 48 hours, making (33)

possible to mass-produce them centrally and distribute them widely. (34) reason is that petrol stations, wanting to expand the range of (35) they sell, have quickly become major outlets for sandwiches.

The increase in sandwich sales has also been helped by changing social trends. Many people have stopped (36) family meals at home, and (37) choose the time and place to eat. Time has become more important than price, (38) convenience is the most important reason (39) all.

Taken together, these changes are making the sandwich industry (40) into a very valuable business.

(29)

A．the

B．a

C．this

?Choose the best word or phrase to fill each gap from A, B, C, or D on the opposite page.

?For each question 19--33, mark one letter (A, B, C, or D) on your Answer Sheet.

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(19)

A．ripe

B．crude

C．raw

D．fresh

?Choose the correct word to fill each gap from A, B, C or D.

?For each question (21-20), mark one letter (A, B, C or D) on your Answer Sheet.

Miele, the German domestic appliance manufacturer, has been in the UK (21) thirty years.

The company started (22) a small office in central London, a staff of five and a turnover (23) the first 16 months of ￡53,000. Today it has a modern headquarters at Abingdon, near Oxford, employs about 200 people and has a turnover of￡18 million. The British company, (24) the other overseas subsidiaries, is a sales operation. Aangdon is an ideal town (25) the UK headquarters. It is very central as a distribution point and only five miles north (26) the "inland port" of Milton.

The Miele group employs 13,500 people worldwide. (27) it is still a family concern. "There is regular contact (28) headquarters in Gutersloh, Germany," says Herr Wedekind, chief executive of the British subsidiary.

The group sells (29) products to up-market customers in shops like Harrods and advertises in publications like The Sunday Times magazine. "We sell our products to people (30) want quality, want the best, good after-sale service and trouble-free appliances," says Herr Wedekind.

(21)

A．about

B．lasted

C．for

D．until

?Read the article below about team-building.

?Choose the correct word to fill each gap from A, B or C.

?For each question (29-40), mark one letter (A, B or C).

TEAM-BUILDING THROUGH ACTIVITIES

Nowadays, company bosses are increasingly trying to find unusual team-building events as part of their training programme. An activity park, (29) Fast-track has just opened to offer (30) events to attract the corporate entertainment (31) the market, (32) is growing all the time.

The park is situated just a few kilometres outside the city centre (33) it provides events that (34) entertain as well as train.

Clients can try outdoor attractions such as sailing or climbing, (35) availability clearly depends entirely (36) the weather. Activities of (37) kind are perfect team-building exercises.

I'm (38) been to an activity park before, explained James Black, a company manager. Before we came, I didn't think we (39) enjoy ourselves so much and I didn't expect the huge difference that Fast-track's programme has (40) to my team. Now we work better together than we did before.

(29)

A．calling

B．calls

C．called