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Diseases of Agricultural Plants

Plants, like animals, are subject to diseases of various kinds. It has been estimated that some 30,000 different diseases attack our economic plants; forty are known to attack com, and about as many attack wheat. The results of unchecked plant diseases are ail too obvious in countries that have marginal food supplies. The problem will soon be more widespread as the population of the world increases at its frightening rate. Even in countries that are now amply fed by thek agricultural products there could soon be food shortages. It is easy to imagine the consequences of some disastrous attack on one of the major crops; the resulting famines could kill millions of people, and the resulting hardship on other millions could cause political upheavals disastrous to the order of the world.

Some plants have relative immunity to great many diseases, while others have a susceptibility to them. The tolerance of a particular plant changes as the growing conditions change. A blight may be but a local infection easily controlled; on the other hand it can attack particular plants in a whole region or nation. An example is the blight that killed virtually every chestnut tree in North America. Another is the famous potato blight in Ireland in the last century. As a result of that, it was estimated that one million people died of starvation and related ailments.

Plant pathologists have made remarkable strides in identifying the pathogens of the various diseases. Bacteria may include invade a plant through an infestation of insect parasites carrying the pathogen. A plant can also be inoculated by man. Other diseases might be caused by fungus which attacks the plant in the form. of a mold or smut or rust. Frequently such a primary infection will weaken the plant so that a secondary infection may result from its lack of tolerance. The symptoms shown may cause an error in diagnosis, so that treatment may be directed toward bacteria which could be the result of a susceptibility caused by primary virus infection.

How many diseases are known to attack wheat?

A．Around 30,000.

B．Around 140.

C．Around 29,960.

D．Around 40.

第1篇

Diseases of Agricultural Plants

Plants, like animals, are subject to diseases of various kinds. It has been estimated that some 30,000 different diseases attack our economic plants; forty are known to attack com, and about as many attack wheat. The results of unchecked plant diseases are ail too obvious in countries that have marginal food supplies. The problem will soon be more widespread as the population of the world increases at its frightening rate. Even in countries that are now amply fed by thek agricultural products there could soon be food shortages. It is easy to imagine the consequences of some disastrous attack on one of the major crops; the resulting famines could kill millions of people, and the resulting hardship on other millions could cause political upheavals disastrous to the order of the world.

Some plants have relative immunity to great many diseases, while others have a susceptibility to them. The tolerance of a particular plant changes as the growing conditions change. A blight may be but a local infection easily controlled; on the other hand it can attack particular plants in a whole region or nation. An example is the blight that killed virtually every chestnut tree in North America. Another is the famous potato blight in Ireland in the last century. As a result of that, it was estimated that one million people died of starvation and related ailments.

Plant pathologists have made remarkable strides in identifying the pathogens of the various diseases. Bacteria may include invade a plant through an infestation of insect parasites carrying the pathogen. A plant can also be inoculated by man. Other diseases might be caused by fungus which attacks the plant in the form. of a mold or smut or rust. Frequently such a primary infection will weaken the plant so that a secondary infection may result from its lack of tolerance. The symptoms shown may cause an error in diagnosis, so that treatment may be directed toward bacteria which could be the result of a susceptibility caused by primary virus infection.

How many diseases are known to attack wheat?

A. Around 30,000.

B. Around 140.

C. Around 29,960.

D. Around 40.

Diseases of Agricultural Plants

Plants, like animals, are subject to diseases of various kinds. It has been estimated that some 30,000 different diseases attack our economic plants; forty are known to attack com, and about as many attack wheat. The results of unchecked plant disease are all too obvious in countries which have marginal food supplies. The problem will soon be more widespread as the population of the world increases at its frightening rate. Even in countries which are now amply fed by their agricultural products there could soon be critical food shortages. It is easy to imagine the consequences of some disastrous attack on one of the major crops; the resulting famines could kill millions of people, and the resulting hardship on other millions could cause political upheavals disastrous to the order of the world.

Some plants have relative immunity to a great many diseases, while others have a susceptibility to them. The tolerance of a particular plant changes as the growing conditions change. A blight may be but a local infection easily controlled; on the other hand it can attack particular plants in a whole region or nation. An example is the blight which killed virtually every chestnut tree in North America. Another is the famous potato blight in Ireland in the last century. As a result of that, it was estimated that one million people died of starvation and related ailments.

Plant pathologists have made remarkable strides in identifying the pathogens of the various diseases. Bacteria may invade a plant through an infestation of insect parasites carrying the pathogen. A plant can also be inoculated by man. Other diseases might be caused by fungus which attacks the plant in the form. of a mold or smut or rust. Frequently such a primary infection8 will weaken the plant so that a secondary infection may result from9 its lack of tolerance. The symptoms shown may cause an error in diagnosis, so that treatment may be directed toward bacteria which could be the result of a susceptibility caused by a primary virus infection.

How many diseases are known to attack wheat?

A．Around 30,000.

B．Around 140.

C．Around 29,960.

D．Around 40.

" He got me, aw fight. I m trou. Even him didn t rink I belonged. " In these sentences taken from The Hairy Ape, the words "he" and "him" both refer to______

A．Yank

B．God

C．The ape in the zoo

D．A person unnamed

根据材料请回答 36～40

Diseases of Agricultural Plants

Plants, like animals, are subject to diseases of various kinds.It has been estimated that some 30,000 different diseases attack our economic plants: forty are known to attack corn, and about as many attack wheat.The results of unchecked plant disease are all too obvious in countries which have marginal(贫乏的) food supplies.The problem will soon be more widespread as the population of the world increases at its frightening rate.Even in countries which are now amply(充足地) fed by their agricultural products, there could soon be critical food shortages.It is easy to imagine the consequences of some disastrous attack on one of the major crops; the resulting famines could kill millions of people, and the resulting hardship on other millions could cause political upheavals(剧变)disastrous to the order of the world.

Some plants have relative immunity to a great many diseases, while others have a sus-ceptibility(易感染性) to them.The tolerance of a particular plant changes as the growing conditions change.A blight(枯萎病)may be but a local infection easily controlled, on the other hand it can attack particular plants in a whole region or nation.An example is the blight which killed virtually every chestnut tree in North American.Another is the famous potato blight in Ireland in the last century.As a result of that, it was estimated that one million people died of starvation and related ailments.

Plant pathologists(病理学家)have made remarkable strides in identifying the patho-gens(病原体)of the various diseases.Bacteria(病菌)may invade a plant through an infes-tation(侵扰)of insect parasites( 寄生昆虫)carrying the pathogen.A plant can also be inoc-ulated(接种疫苗)by man.Other diseases might be caused by fungus(真菌)which attacks the plant in the form. of a mold(霉菌病)or smut(黑穗病)or rust(锈病).Frequently such a primary infection will weaken the plant so, that a secondary infection may result from its lack of tolerance.The symptoms shown may cause an error in diagnosis, so that treatment may be directed toward bacteria which could be the result of a susceptibility caused by a primary virus infection.

第 36 题 How many diseases are known to attack wheat?

A．Around 30,000

B．Around 140

C．Around 29,960

D．Around 40

听力原文：It uses lighter material in the body and frame. It adopts a new kind of carburetor which cuts down on petrol consumption. That will save your money. The steering and brakes are powerful. You can take a test drive and see how it runs.

You will hear five short pieces.

For each piece decide what the speaker is talking about.

Write one letter(A--H)next to the number of the piece.

Do not use any letter more than once.

After you have listened once, replay each recording.

A. catalogues

B. boxes

C. books

D. Greeting cards

E. radio programmes

F. weather

G. TV programmes

H. cars

It can be inferred that the author presupposes that the reader will regard a course in literature as a course ______.

A conflict arises between elected politicians and the Euro central bankers with the former part demanding to ______.

The mummy Rameses is different from other Egyptian mummies in that______.

A．it cannot be destroyed

B．its heart was not removed

C．most internal organs were removed

D．it was made with a different technique