One can not speak of Egypt without thinking of the pyramids nor of China without the Great Wall.

The development of writing was one of the great human inventions. It is difficult【51】many people to imagine language without writing; the spoken word seems intricately tied to the written【52】.

But children speak【53】they learn to write. And millions of people in the world speak languages with【54】written form. Among these people oral literature abounds, and crucial knowledge【55】memorized and passed【56】generations. But human memory is short-lived, and the brain's storage capacity is finite.【57】overcame such problems and allowed communication across the miles【58】through the years and centuries. Writing permits a society【59】permanently record its poetry, its history and its technology.

It might be argued【60】today we have electronic means of recording sound and【61】to produce films and television, and thus writing is becoming obsolete.【62】writing became extinct, there would be no knowledge of electronics【63】TV technicians to study; there would be, in fact, little technology in years to【64】. There would be no film or TV scripts, no literature, no books, no mails, no newspapers, no science. There would be【65】advantages: no bad novels, junk mails, poison-pen letters, or "unreadable" income-tax forms, but the losses would outweigh the【66】.

There are almost as【67】legends and stories on the invention of writing as there are【68】the origin of language. Legend has it that Cadmus, Prince of Phoenicia and founder of the city of Thebes,【69】the alphabet and brought it with him to Greece. In one Chinese fable the four-eyed dragon-god T'sang Chien invented writing. In【70】myths, the Babylonian god Nebo and the Egyptian god Thoth gave humans writing as well as speech.

(51)

The development of writing was one of the great human inventions. It is difficult【36】many people to imagine language without writing; the spoken word seems intricately tied to the written【37】. But children speak【38】they learn to write. And millions of people in the world speak languages with【39】written form. Among these people oral literature abounds, and crucial knowledge【40】memorized and passed【41】generations. But human memory is short-lived, and the brain's storage capacity is finite.【42】overcame such problems and allowed communication across the miles【43】through the years and centuries. Writing permits a society【44】permanently record its poetry, its history and its technology.

It might be argued【45】today we have electronic means of recording sound and【46】to produce films and television, and thus writing is becoming obsolete.【47】writing became extinct, there would be no knowledge of electronics【48】TV technicians to study; there would be, in fact, little technology in years to【49】There would be no film or TV scripts, no literature, no books, no mail, no newspapers, no science. There would be【50】advantages: no bad novels, junk mail, poison-pen letters, or "unreadable" income-tax forms, but the losses would outweigh the【51】.

There are almost as【52】legends and stories on the invention of writing as there are【53】the origin of language. Legend has it that Cadmus, Prince of Phoenicia and founder of the city of Thebes,【54】the alphabet and brought it with him to Greece. In one Chinese fable the four-eyed dragon-god T'sang Chien invented writing. In【55】myths, the Babylonian god Nebo and the Egyptian god Thoth gave humans writing as well as speech.

(36)

The development of writing was one of the great human inventions. It is difficult 【C1】______ many people to imagine language without writing; the spoken word seems intricately tied to the written 【C2】______ . But children speak 【C3】______ they learn to write. And millions of people in the world speak languages with 【C4】______ written form. Among these people oral literature abounds, and crucial knowledge 【C5】______ memorized and passed 【C6】______ generations. But human memory is short-lived, and the brain's storage capacity is finite. 【C7】______ overcame such problems and allowed communication across the miles 【C8】______ through the years and centuries. Writing permits a society 【C9】______ permanently record its poetry, its history and its technology.

It might be argued 【C10】______ today we have electronic means of recording sound and 【C11】______ to produce films and television, and thus writing is becoming obsolete. 【C12】______ writing became extinct, there would be no knowledge of electronics 【C13】______ TV technicians to study; there would be, in fact, little technology in years to 【C14】______ . There would be no film or TV scripts, no literature, no books, no mail, no newspapers, no science. There would be 【C15】______ advantages: no bad novels, junk mail, poison-pen letters, or "unreadable" income-tax forms, but the losses would outweigh the 【C16】______ .

There are almost as 【C17】______ legends and stories on the invention of writing as there are 【C18】______ the origin of language. Legend has it that Cadmus, Prince of Phoenicia and founder of the city of Thebes, 【C19】______ the alphabet and brought it with him to Greece. In one Chinese fable the four eyed dragon-god T' sang Chien invented writing. In (70)

myths, the Babylonian god Nebo and the Egyptian god Nebo gave humans writing as well as speech.

【C1】______

听力原文： Some psychologists maintain that mental acts such as thinking are not performed in the brain alone, but that one's muscles also participate. It may be said that we think with our muscles in somewhat the same way that we listen to music with our bodies. You surely are not surprised to be told that you usually listen to music not only with your ears but with your whole body. Few people can listen to music that is more or less familiar without moving their body or, more specifically, some part of their body. Often when one listens to a symphonic concert on the radio, one is tempted to direct the orchestra even though one knows there is a competent conductor on the job.

Strange as this behavior. may be, there is a very good reason for it. One cannot derive all possible enjoyment from music unless one participates, so to speak, in its performance. The listener "feels" himself into the music with more or less pronounced motions of his body.

The muscles of the body actually participate in the mental process of thinking in the same way, although this participation is less obvious because it is less pronounced.

(30)

A．Thinking is not a mental process.

B．Thinking was only a mental action.

C．Thinking is a process that involves our entire body.

D．Thinking is a process that involves the muscles as well as the brain.

Some psychologists maintain that mental acts such as thinking are not performed in the brain alone, but that one's muscles also participate. It may be said that we think with our muscles in somewhat the same way that we listen to music with our bodies.

You surely are not surprised to be told that you usually listen to music not only with your ears but with your whole body. Few people can listen to music that is more or less familiar without moving their body or more specifically, some part of their body. Often when one listens to a symphonic concert on the radio, he is tempted to direct the orchestra even though he knows there is a competent conductor on the job.

Strange as this behavior. may be, there is a very good reason for it. One cannot derive all possible enjoyment from music unless he participates, so to speak, in its performance. The listener "feels" himself into the music with more or less noticeable motions of his body.

The muscles of the body actually participate in the mental process of thinking 'in the same way, but this participation is less obvious because it is less noticeable.

Some psychologists maintain that thinking is ______.

A．not a mental process

B．more of a physical process than a mental action

C．a process that involves our entire bodies

D．a process that involves the muscles as well as the brain

Some psychologists maintain that mental acts such as thinking are not performed in the brain alone, but that one's muscles also participate. It may be said that we think with our muscles in somewhat the same way that we listen to music with our bodies. You surely are not surprised to be told that you usually listen to music not only with your ears but with your whole body. Few people can listen to music that is more or less familiar without moving their body or mom specifically, some part of their body. Often when one listens to a symphonic concert on the radio, he is tempted to direct the orchestra even though he knows there is a competent conductor on the job.

Strange as this behavior. may be, there is a very good reason for it. One cannot derive all possible enjoyment from music unless he participates, so to speak, in its performance. The listener "feels" himself into the music with more or less noticeable motions of his body.

The muscles of the body actually participate in the mental process of thinking in the same way, but this participation is less obvious because it is less noticeable.

Some psychologists maintain that thinking is ______.

A．not a mental process

B．more of a physical process than a mental action

C．a process that involves our entire bodies

D．a process that involves the muscles as well as the brain

Some psychologists maintain that mental acts such as thinking are not performed in the brain alone, but that one's muscles also participate. It may be said that we think with our muscles in somewhat the same way that we listen to music with our bodies.

You surely are not surprised to be told that you usually listen to music not only with your ears but with your whole body. Few people can listen to music that is more or less familiar without moving their body or more specifically, some part of their body. Often when one listens to a symphonic concert on the radio, he is tempted to direct the orchestra even though he knows them is a competent conductor on the job.

Strange as this behavior. may be, there is a very good mason for it. One cannot derive all possible enjoyment from music unless he participates, so to speak, in its performance. The listener "feels" himself into the music with more or less noticeable motions of his body.

The muscles of the body actually participate in the mental process of thinking in the same way, but this participation is less obvious because it is less noticeable.

Some psychologists maintain that thinking is ______.

A．not a mental process

B．more of a physical process than a mental action

C．a process that involves our entire bodies

D．a process that involves the muscles as well as the brain

Some psychologists maintain that mental acts such as thinking are not performed in the brain alone, but that one's muscles also participate. It may be said that we think with our muscles in somewhat the same way that we listen to music with our bodies. You surely are not surprised to be told that you usually listen to music not only with your ears but with your whole body. Few people can listen to music that is more or less familiar without moving their body or more specifically, some part of their body. Often when one listens to a symphonic concert on the radio, he is tempted to direct the orchestra even though he knows there is a competent conductor on the job.

Strange as this behavior. may be, there is a very good reason for it. One cannot derive ail possible enjoyment from music unless he participates, so to speak, in its performance. The listener "feels" himself into the music with more or less noticeable motions of his body.

The muscles of the body actually participate in the mental process of thinking in the same way, but this participation is less obvious because it is less noticeable.

Some psychologists maintain that thinking is ______.

A．not a mental process

B．more of a physical process than a mental action

C．a process that involves our entire bodies

D．a process that involves the muscles as well as the brain

Some psychologists maintain that mental acts such as thinking are not performed in the brain alone, but that one's muscles also participate. It may be said that we think with our muscles in somewhat the same way that we listen to music with our bodies.

You surely are not surprised to be told that you usually listen to music not only with your ears but with your whole body. Few people can listen to music that is more or less familiar without moving their body or, more specifically, some part of their body. Often when one listens to a symphonic concert on the radio, he is tempted to direct the orchestra even though he knows there is a competent conductor on the job.

Strange as this behavior. may be, there is a very good reason for it. One cannot derive all possible enjoyment from music unless he participates, so to speak, in its performance. Tile listener "feels" himself into the music with more or less pronounced motions of his body.

The muscles of the body actually participate in the mental process of thinking in the same way, but this participation is less obvious because it is less pronounced.

Some psychologists maintain that thinking is ______.

A．not a mental process

B．more of a physical process than a mental action

C．a process that involves your entire body

D．a process that involves the muscles as well as the brain

Some psychologists maintain that mental acts such as thinking are not performed in the brain alone, but that one's muscles also participate. It may be said that we think with our muscles in somewhat the same way that we listen to music with our bodies.

You surely are not surprised to be told that you usually listen to music not only with your ears but with your whole body. Few people can listen to music that is more or less familiar without moving their body or, more specifically, some part of their body. Often when one listens to a symphonic concert on the radio, he is tempted to direct the orchestra even though he knows there is a competent conductor on the job.

Strange as this behavior. may be, there is a very good reason for it. One cannot derive all possible enjoyment from music unless he participates, so to speak, in its performance. Tile listener "feels" himself into the music with more or less pronounced motions of his body.

The muscles of the body actually participate in the mental process of thinking in the same way, but this participation is less obvious because it is less pronounced.

Some psychologists maintain that thinking is ______.

A．not a mental process

B．more of a physical process than a mental action

C．a process that involves your entire body

D．a process that involves the muscles as well as the brain