First of all, hard _______ work is a way of life for all these long - lived people.

Mr. Brown is 102 years old. He is leading a full and active life. Why has he【21】so long? Many【22】would like to know the answer to the question. They are studying groups of old people all over the world and try to find why some very old people remain healthy【23】and spirit (精神) while【24】be come weak and iii in their 60s. They have observed, first of all, that doing【25】work is a way of life for all these long-lived people. They began their long days of physical labor【26】children and never seem to stop. Second, all these people come from【27】. The air has【28】oxygen (氧) and is pollution free,【29】makes the hearts stronger. Third, these people eat little animal meat. They like to have fresh vegetables, nuts (坚果) , grains, and【30】They never eat more food than their bodies need.

(46)

A．been

B．worked

C．stayed

D．lived

The description of Mr. Rustam Mamedov is ______.

A．an example of a typical long lived people with a lot of hard physical work

B．an example of long lived people with remarkable memory

C．an explanation of why he is still healthy

D．an explanation of what way of life we should take

It is true that times are changing for the old people in Britain. But not all the changes are bad ones. Modem medicine, for example, has made old people healthier than ever before. Another advantage is that there are many more old people than there Used to be. This means that old people often have a good social life with their own clubs and organizations.Old people, too, have more money now than their own parents and grandparents had.

The biggest disadvantage of modem life is loneliness. The young leave home when they grow up and many old people live alone. Fewer old people have brothers and sisters. An old person's one or two children may have moved to another part of the country. Even when they live nearby, the young people have their own work to do and their own children to look after. They have not much time for the old. Problems of loneliness often start when people stop work. When people retire they often find it difficult to start a new life without their jobs.

The world has changed so fast since 1900 that it is difficult for old people to understand the problems of the young. And the world is changing even faster these days than it was fifty years ago. It makes you think, doesn't it? What will it be like when today's young people are old?

To the old people, the changes in society are ______.

A．better than they expected

B．not as good as they wish

C．both good and bad

D．difficult to understand

Underdeveloped People

The Indians living on the high plains of the Andes Mountains, in South America, have a background rich in history but rich in little else. These seven million people from the great old Indian nations live in a land of few trees, poor soil, cutting winds and biting cold. Their farms do not give enough food to support them. Their children from the age of three or four must work in the fields. The death rate of their babies is among the highest in the world, their standards of education among the lowest. They live at heights of ten or fifteen thousand feet, where even the air lacks the things necessary for life.

The needs of these Indians, scattered across three countries -- Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia-- are great. Their problems are difficult and their diseases are deeply rooted in an old-fashioned way of life. Probably no single program of help can greatly better their condition. Health programs are no good without farm programs, and farm programs fail where there have been no programs of education.

Five international organizations have combined efforts to seek the answers to the problems of the unfortunate descendants of the Inca Indians. They are working with the governments of Peru, Bolivia and Ecuador on what they call the Andean Mission. Six areas have been formed, one each in Ecuador and Peru, four in Bolivia. Here methods are tested to attack poor education, poor food, poor living conditions and disease all at once.

We passed fields of low corn and thin wheat. Whole villages were at work planting potatoes. The men formed a line and walked slowly backward, beating the soil with sticks. The women, on hands and knees, followed the men, breaking the hard earth with their hands. Their red and orange skirts flashed brightly in the sun. The scene was beautiful, but the land, seeds and crops were all poor.

Upon arriving at a village, we went to visit the school for carpenters. It was in an old building where thirty boys were attending classes. There were two classrooms containing complete sets of tools. I saw more tools there than in any carpenter's shop in Latin America. Most of the boys were cutting boards for practice. They worked steadily and didn't even look up when we entered.

The teacher remarked that the greatest problem at the moment was finding wood, as almost no trees grow on a high plain. Someone remarked that it would not take long for the school to produce too many carpenters in an area without trees, where most of the buildings were of stone or mud. The wood brought from the jungle was too costly for most of the people. The answer was that the original purpose of the school was to train carpenters and mechanics to go to other parts of the country. They would work where the government is developing new villages at the edge of the jungle.

Across from the carpentry-room there was a machine for producing electric power. With it the boys would be taught their first lessons in electricity. Other boys studied car repairing.

In the yard a group of boys surrounded a large tractor. The teacher was showing them how to operate it. No one was sure how many other tractors there were in the area. Guesses ranged from two to ten. If the school turned out more boys to handle them than the farms could use, the rest, it was hoped, would seek a living in the lower villages where more people lived.

The next day, against the cutting winds of the Bolivian mountains, we were going to a village that is the oldest of the four Bolivian projects of the Andean mission. Behind us, across the valley, rain fell from the black clouds beyond the snowy mountain-tops. The wind and rain beat against the car as we traveled across the open fields to come to the yard of an old farm.

My trip had been panned at the last minute. Since the village has no telegraph to telephone services, no o

A．N

B．Y

C．NG

In the Caucasus region of the Soviet Union, nearly 50 out of every 100,000 people live to celebrate their 100th birthday, and many don't stop at 100. By comparison, in America only 3 people in 100,000 reach 100. But these Soviet old people aren't alone. The Pakistani Hunzas, who live high in the Himalaya Mountains, and the Vilcabambans of the Andes Mountains in Ecuador seem to share the secret of long life too.

These peoples remain healthy in body and spirit despite the passage of time. While many older persons in industrial societies become weak and ill in their 60s and 70s, some Soviet Georgians, aged 110 to 140, work in the fields beside their great-great-grandchildren. Even the idea of aging is foreign to them. When asked, "At what age does youth end?" most of these old people had no answer. Several replied, "Well, perhaps at age 80." The very youngest estimate was age 60.

What accounts for this ability to survive to such old age, and to survive so well? First of all, hard physical work is a way of life for all of these long-lived peoples. They begin their long days of physical labor as children and never seem to stop. For example, Mr. Rustam Mamedov is 142 years of age. He remembers his life experiences: the Crimean War of 1854; the Turkish War of 1878; the Bolshevik Revolution in 1917. His wife is 116 years old. They have been married for 90 years. Mr. Mamedov has no intentions of retiring from his life as a farmer. "Why? What else would I do?" he asks. Oh, he's slowed down a bit. Now he might quit for the day after 6 hours in the field instead of 10. All these people get healthful rewards from the environment in which they work. They all come from mountainous regions. They live and work at elevations of 5,000 to 12,000 feet (1,660 to 4,000 meters) above sea level. The air has less oxygen and is pollution-free. This reduced-oxygen environment makes the heart and blood vessel system stronger.

Another factor that may contribute to the good health of these people is their isolation. To a great extent, they are separated from the pressures and worries of industrial society.

Inherited factors also play some role. Most of the longest-lived peoples had parents and grand-parents who also reached very old ages. Good family genes may, therefore, be one factor in living longer.

Finally, although these three groups don't eat exactly the same foods, their diets are similar. The Hunzas, Vilcabambans, and Soviets eat little animal meat. Their diets are full of fresh fruits, vegetables, nuts, grains, cheese, and milk. They never eat more food than their bodies need.

It is clear that isolation from urban pressures and pollution, clean mountain air, daily hard work, moderate diets, good genes, and a youthful approach to life all contribute to the health and remarkable long life of all these people.

What is the main subject of this passage?

A．Mr. Mamedov's life.

B．A description of several societies where people live a long time.

C．Suggestions for how you can live a long life.

D．Hard physical work is a good way to live a long time.

In the Caucasus region of the Soviet Union, nearly 50 out of every 100,000 people live to celebrate their 100th birthday, and many don't stop at 100. By comparison, in America only 3 people in 100,000 reach 100. But these Soviet old people aren't alone. The Pakistani Hunzas, who live high in the Himalaya Mountains, and the Vilcabambans of the Andes Mountains in Ecuador seem to share the secret of long life too.

These peoples remain healthy in body and spirit despite the passage of time. While many older persons in industrial societies become weak and ill in their 60s and 70s, some Soviet Georgians, aged 110 to 140, work in the fields beside their great-great-grandchildren. Even the idea of aging is foreign to them. When asked, "At what age does youth end?" most of these old people had no answer. Several replied, "Well, perhaps at age 80." The very youngest estimate was age 60.

What accounts for this ability to survive to such old age, and to survive so well? First of all, hard physical work is a way of life for all of these long-lived peoples. They begin their long days of physical labor as children and never seem to stop. For example, Mr. Rustam Mamedov is 142 years of age. He re members his life experiences: the Crimean War of 1854; the Turkish War of 1878; the Bolshevik Revolution in 1917. His wife is 116 years old. They have been married for 90 years. Mr. Mamedov has no intentions of retiring from his life as a farmer. "Why? What else would I do?" he asks. Oh, he's slowed down a bit. Now he might quit for the day after 6 hours in the field instead of 10. All these people get healthful rewards from the environment in which they work. They all come from mountainous regions. They live and work at elevations of 5,000 to 12,000 feet ( 1,660 to 4,000 meters) above sea level. The air has less oxygen and is pollution-free. This reduced-oxygen environment makes the heart and blood vessel system stronger.

Another factor that may contribute to the good health of these people is their isolation. To a great ex tent, they are separated from the pressures and worries of industrial society.

Inherited factors also play some role. Most of the longest-lived peoples had parents and grand-parents who also reached very old ages. Good family genes may, therefore, be one factor in living longer.

Finally, although these three groups don't eat exactly the same foods, their diets are similar. The Hunzas, Vilcabambans, and Soviets eat little animal meat. Their diets are full of fresh fruits, vegetables, nuts, grains, cheese, and milk. They never eat more food than their bodies need.

It is clear that isolation from urban pressures and pollution, clean mountain air, daily hard work, moderate diets, good genes, and a youthful approach to life all contribute to the health and remarkable long life of all these people.

What is the main subject of this passage?

A．Mr. Mamedov's life.

B．A description of several societies where people live a long time.

C．Suggestions for how you can live a long life.

D．Hard physical work is a good way to live a long time.

We live in a right-handed world. It means ______.

A．all the people are right-handed

B．life is hard for left-handed people

C．left-handed people can't live

D．there is another left-handed world

We live in a right-handed world. It means ______.

A．all the people are right-handed

B．life is hard for left-handed people

C．left-handed people can't live

D．there is another left-handed world