After installing the base operating system and the Server bundle, a system administrator d

The following information should be used when answering question 1.

1 Introduction

The island of Oceania attracts thousands of tourists every year. They come to enjoy the beaches, the climate and to

explore the architecture and history of this ancient island. Oceania is also an important trading nation in the region

and it enjoys close economic links with neighbouring countries. Oceania has four main airports and until 1997 had

two airlines, one based in the west (OceaniaAir) and one based in the east (Transport Oceania) of the island. However,

in 1997 these two airlines merged into one airline – Oceania National Airlines (ONA) with the intention of exploiting

the booming growth in business and leisure travel to and from Oceania.

Market sectors

ONA serves two main sectors. The first sector is a network of routes to the major cities of neighbouring countries.

ONA management refer to this as the regional sector. The average flight time in this sector is one and a half hours

and most flights are timed to allow business people to arrive in time to attend a meeting and then to return to their

homes in the evening. Twenty five major cities are served in the regional sector with, on average, three return flights

per day. There is also significant leisure travel, with many families visiting relatives in the region. The second sector

is what ONA management refer to as the international sector. This is a network of flights to continental capitals. The

average flight time in this sector is four hours. These flights attract both business and leisure travellers. The leisure

travellers are primarily holiday-makers from the continent. Twenty cities are served in this sector with, on average, one

return flight per day to each city.

Image, service and employment

ONA is the airline of choice for most of the citizens of Oceania. A recent survey suggested that 90% of people preferred

to travel ONA for regional flights and 70% preferred to travel with ONA for international flights. 85% of the

respondents were proud of their airline and felt that it projected a positive image of Oceania. The company also has

an excellent safety record, with no fatal accident recorded since the merging of the airlines in 1997. The customer

service of ONA has also been recognised by the airline industry itself. In 2005 it was voted Regional Airline of the

Year by the International Passenger Group (IPG) and one year later the IPG awarded the ONA catering department

the prestigious Golden Bowl as provider of the best airline food in the world. The courtesy and motivation of its

employees (mainly Oceanic residents) is recognised throughout the region. 95% of ONA employees belong to

recognised trade unions. ONA is perceived as an excellent employer. It pays above industry average salaries, offers

excellent benefits (such as free health care) and has a generous non-contributory pension scheme. In 2004 ONA

employed 5400 people, rising to 5600 in 2005 and 5800 in 2006.

Fleet

Fleet details are given in Table 1. Nineteen of the Boeing 737s were originally in the fleet of OceaniaAir. Boeing 737s

are primarily used in the international sector. Twenty-three of the Airbus A320s were originally part of the Transport

Oceania fleet. Airbuses are primarily used in the regional sector. ONA also used three Embraer RJ145 jets in the

regional sector.

Performance

Since 2004 ONA has begun to experience significant competition from ‘no frills’ low-cost budget airlines, particularly

in the international sector. Established continental operators now each offer, on average, three low fares flights to

Oceania every day. ‘No frills’ low-cost budget airlines are also having some impact on the regional sector. A number

of very small airlines (some with only one aircraft) have been established in some regional capitals and a few of these

are offering low-cost flights to Oceania. A recent survey for ONA showed that its average international fare was double

that of its low-cost competitors. Some of the key operational statistics for 2006 are summarised in Table 2.

ONA have made a number of operational changes in the last few years. Their website, for example, now allows

passengers to book over the internet and to either have their tickets posted to them or to pick them up at the airport

prior to travelling. Special promotional fares are also available for customers who book on-line. However, the website

does not currently allow passengers to check-in on-line, a facility provided by some competitors. Furthermore, as

Table 2 shows, a large percentage of sales are still commission sales made through travel agents. Direct sales are

those sales made over the telephone or at the airport itself. Most leisure travellers pay standard or economy fares and

travel in the standard class section of the plane. Although many business travellers also travel in standard class, some

of them choose to travel business class for which they pay a price premium.

In the last three years, the financial performance of ONA has not matched its operational success. The main financial

indicators have been extracted and are presented in Table 3. In a period (2004–2006) when world-wide passenger

air travel revenue increased by 12% (and revenue from air travel to Oceania by 15%) and cargo revenue by 10%,

ONA only recorded a 4·6% increase in passenger revenue.

Future Strategy

The management team at ONA are keen to develop a strategy to address the airline’s financial and operational

weaknesses. One suggestion has been to re-position ONA itself as a ‘no frills’ low-cost budget airline. However, this

has been angrily dismissed by the CEO as likely to lead ‘to an unnecessary and bloody revolution that could cause

the death of the airline itself ’.

Required:

(a) Using the information provided in the scenario, evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of ONA and their

impact on its performance. Please note that opportunities and threats are NOT required in your evaluation.

(20 marks)

Profiling(犯罪剖绘)

As the stars of true-crime documentaries, TV series and Hollywood thrillers, criminal profilers have one of the best-known law enforcement jobs in the world. Basic profiling—identifying, the perpetrator(犯罪者) of a crime based on an analysis of crime and the way it was committed—is a common investigative tool. But some fear that police departments have taken profiling too far, harassing or even arresting people because of certain characteristics they might have in common with criminals—or worse yet, because of their skin color. Others argue that in an age of terrorism and violent crime, we can't afford not to examine people based on crime patterns, even if that means suspicion based on race.

Basics of Profiling

The most basic kind of profiling is a Be On the Lookout (BOLO) or All-Points Bulletin (APB). You're probably familiar with these, although you might not have heard it referred to as a profile.

An APB is a description of a specific suspect accused of committing a specific crime or crimes, usually based on eyewitness accounts. For example, following a bank robbery, police might interview suspects and review surveillance camera footage before releasing the following APB:

Suspect was last seen in a dark blue Ford pick-up truck. He was wearing a red T-shirt and black jeans. Suspect is described as a white male, 5-feet 10-inches tall and thin with receding blond hair. He has a tattoo of a snake on his left forearm.

The next step in profiling is the psychological profile. Investigators create this profile in the absence of physical evidence or eyewitness descriptions, or to supplement such descriptions. They take what they know about an unknown suspect and his actions and try to generate additional information. For example, if a serial murderer has been killing the female employees of a law firm, profilers might find it likely that the killer is a male former employee or client of the law firm.

Other evidence, such as notes left by the killer, the location of the killing, or the state of the crime scene can allow profilers to develop "educated guesses." These guesses might include things like the suspect's education level, psychological traumas(创伤) he has suffered or where he lives. They are not always 100 percent accurate, and sometimes they can be rather vague.

Predictive Profiling

With predictive profiling, criminal profiling gets more controversial. Instead of seeking a particular suspect based on evidence at a specific crime, predictive profiling attempts to guess which people are likely to commit a crime that hasn't happened yet.

This isn't a revolutionary idea by itself. Police officers don't just react to crimes: they patrol, observe and try to spot suspicious behavior. that could mean a crime is going to take place. Few people would question an officers' right to investigate a suspicious situation or question a suspicious person. Even when police departments use their criminal profiles as a justification for searches and arrests without warrants, those practices have been upheld by the Supreme Court.

Here's an example. State troopers are patrolling a stretch of highway known to be frequented by drug traffickers(干非法勾当者). The officers know from previous experience that drug traffickers often use rented cars, travel in the very early morning, and put the spare tire in the backseat to leave more room in the trunk for drugs.

At 4:00 a.m. an officer notices a car that fits this profile. The driver is not breaking any major traffic rules, but the trooper pulls the car over anyway, hoping to spot some evidence that could lead to a search of the car. This is considered profiling. The practice of noting criminal tendencies and creating a written profile is sometimes attributed to Florida Highway Patrolman Bob Vogel, although it was probably carried out by other

A．Y

B．N

C．NG

听力原文：M Excuse me, Chantelle, have you been able to check your e-mail this morning? I can't check mine.

W The company has been updating the servers and changed all of the e-mail programs last night. You'd better go over to technical support. The manager backed up everyone's e-mails from the old system to help with the transition.

M Oh, okay. That's up on the eighth floor, across from human resources, right?

W No, that department is located in the basement on B2. Go past the reception desk and at the end of the hallway turn right and keep walking until you see the shipping department. It's just past them.

What happened in the company last night?

A．The company updated the new regulations.

B．The company changed their password to the system.

C．All departments have been moved to other floors.

D．The computer system in the company has been updated.

Linguists have understood for decades that language and thought are closely related. Humans construct reality using thought and express these thoughts through the use of language. Edward Sapir and his student Benjamin Whorf are credited with developing the most relevant explanation outlining the relationship between thought and language, the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis. The hypothesis consists of two parts, linguistic relativity and linguistic determinism. Supporters of linguistic relativity assume that culture is shaped by language. Terwilliger defines linguistic determinism as the process by which "the functions of one's mind are determined by the nature of the language which one speaks." In simpler terms, the thoughts that we construct are based upon the language that we speak and the words that we use. In its strongest sense, linguistic determinism can be interpreted as meaning that language determines thought. In its weakest sense, language partially influences thought. Whorf was careful to avoid authoritative statements which would permanently commit him to particular position.

Because of the broad nature of his statements, it is difficult to distinguish exactly to what extent Whorl Believes that language determines thought. Heated debate among modem linguists demonstrates that disagreement exists about the accuracy and correctness of Whorf's studies and of the actual level of influence of language on thought processes.

The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis essentially consists of two distinct statements connecting the relation of thought and language. Whorf believes that humans may be able to think only about objects, processes, and conditions that have language associated with them. The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis also explains the relationship between different languages (French, English, German, Chinese, and so on)and thought. Whorf demonstrated that culture is largely determined by language. Different cultures perceive the world in different ways. Culturally essential objects, conditions and processes usually are defined by a plethora of words, while things that cultures perceive as unimportant are usually assigned one or two words. Whorf developed this theory while studying the Hopi Indian tribe. Whorf was amazed that the Hopi language has no words for past, present, and future. The Hopi have only one word for flying objects. A dragonfly, an airplane, and a pilot are defined using the same word. Whorf questioned whether or not the Hopi view the world differently than western peoples. After hither interpretation and analysis he concluded that the Hopi have a sense for the continuum of time despite having no words to specifically describe past, present, and future.

It is commonly believed that the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis possesses some truth, but the extent to which it is applicable to all situations is questioned. Linguists generally support a "strong" or a "weak" interpretation. Linguists who study the hypothesis tend to cite examples that support their beliefs but are unable or unwilling to refute the opposing arguments. Examples exist that strengthen the arguments of ev0eryone who studies the hypothesis. Nobody has gained significant ground in proving or refuting the hypothesis because the definitions of Sapir and Whorl are very vague and incomplete, leaving room for a significant amount of interpretation.

Advocates of linguistic determinism insist that ______.

A．the realities constructed through different languages are different

B．language and thought are intimately related to each other

C．culture is shaped by language through which it expresses itself

D．both the culture and the mind determine the language to be used

Linguists have understood for decades that language and thought are closely related. Humans construct reality using thought and express these thoughts through the use of language. Edward Sapir and his student Benjamin Whorl are credited with developing the most relevant explanation outlining the relationship between thought and language, the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis. The hypothesis consists of two parts, linguistic relativity and linguistic determinism. Supporters of linguistic relativity assume that culture is shaped by language. Terwilliger defines linguistic determinism as the process by which "the functions of one's mind are determined by the nature of the language which one speaks." In simpler terms, the thoughts that we construct are based upon the language that we speak and the words that we use. In its strongest sense, linguistic determinism can be interpreted as meaning that language determines thought. In its weakest sense, language partially influences thought. Whorl was careful to avoid authoritative statements which would permanently commit him to particular position.

Because of the broad nature of his statements, it is difficult to distinguish exactly to what extent Whorf believes that language determines thought. Heated debate among modern linguists demonstrates that disagreement exists about the accuracy and correctness of Whorf's studies and of the actual level of influence of language on thought processes.

The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis essentially consists of two distinct statements connecting the relation of thought and language. Whorl believes that humans may be able to think only about objects, processes, and conditions that have language associated with them. The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis also explains the relationship between different languages (French, English, German, Chinese, and so on) and thought. Whorl demonstrated that culture is largely determined by language. Different cultures perceive the world in different ways. Culturally essential objects, conditions and processes usually are defined by a plethora of words, while things that cultures perceive as unimportant are usually assigned one or two words. Whorl developed this theory while studying the Hopi Indian tribe. Whorl was amazed that the Hopi language has no words for past, present, and future. The Hopi have only one word for flying objects. A dragonfly, an airplane, and a pilot are defined using the same word. Whorf questioned whether or not the Hopi view the world differently than western people. After further interpretation and analysis he concluded that the Hopi have a sense for the continuum of time despite having no words, to specifically describe past, present, and future.

It is commonly believed that the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis possesses some truth, but the extent to which it is applicable to all situations is questioned. Linguists generally support a "strong" or a "weak" interpretation. Linguists who study the hypothesis tend to cite examples that support their beliefs but are unable or unwilling to refute the opposing arguments. Examples exist that strengthen the arguments of everyone who studies the hypothesis. Nobody has gained significant ground in proving or refuting the hypothesis because the definitions of Sapir and Whorl are very vague and incomplete, leaving room for a significant amount of interpretation.

Advocates of linguistic determinism insist that ______.

A．the realities constructed through different languages are different

B．language and thought are intimately related to each other

C．culture is shaped by language through which it expresses itself

D．both the culture and the mind determine the language to be used

Linguists have understood for decades that language and thought are closely related. Humans construct reality using thought and express these thoughts through the use of language. Edward Sapir and his student Benjamin Whorl are credited with developing the most relevant explanation outlining the relationship between thought and language, the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis. The hypothesis consists of two parts, linguistic relativity and linguistic determinism. Supporters of linguistic relativity assume that culture is shaped by language. Terwilliger defines linguistic determinism as the process by which "the functions of one's mind are determined by the nature of the language which one speaks." In simpler terms, the thoughts that we construct are based upon the language that we speak and the words that we use. In its strongest sense, linguistic determinism can be interpreted as meaning that language determines thought. In its weakest sense, language partially influences thought. Whorl was careful to avoid authoritative statements which would permanently commit him to particular position.

Because of the broad nature of his statements, it is difficult to distinguish exactly to what extent Whorf believes that language determines thought. Heated debate among modern linguists demonstrates that disagreement exists about the accuracy and correctness of Whorf's studies and of the actual level of influence of language on thought processes.

The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis essentially consists of two distinct statements connecting the relation of thought and language. Whorf believes that humans may be able to think only about objects, processes, and conditions that have language associated with them. The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis also explains the relationship between different languages (French, English, German, Chinese, and so on) and thought. Whorl demonstrated that culture is largely determined by language. Different cultures perceive the world in different ways. Culturally essential objects, conditions and processes usually are defined by a plethora of words, while things that cultures perceive as unimportant are usually assigned one or two words. Whorf developed this theory while studying the Hopi Indian tribe. Whorl was amazed that the Hopi language has no words for past, present, and future. The Hopi have only one word for flying objects. A dragonfly, an airplane, and a pilot are defined using the same word. Whorl questioned whether or not the Hopi view the world differently than western peoples. After further interpretation and analysis he concluded that the Hopi have a sense for the continuum of time despite having no words to specifically describe past, present, and future.

It is commonly believed that the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis possesses some truth, but the extent to which it is applicable to all situations is questioned. Linguists generally sup port a "strong" or a "weak" interpretation. Linguists who study the hypothesis tend to cite examples that support their beliefs but are unable or unwilling to refute the opposing arguments. Examples exist that strengthen the arguments of everyone who studies the hypothesis. Nobody has gained significant ground in proving or refuting the hypothesis because the definitions of Sapir and Whorl are very vague and incomplete, leaving room for a significant amount of interpretation.

Advocates of linguistic determinism insist that ______.

A．the realities constructed through different languages are different

B．language and thought are intimately related to each other

C．culture is shaped by language through which it expresses itself

D．both the culture and the mind determine the language to be used

第一组

Older loop scavenged engines may have a single injector mounted centrally in the cylinder head. Because the exhaust valve is in the center of the cylinder head on modern uniflow scavenged engines the fuel valves (2 or 3) are arranged around the periphery of the head. The pressure at which the injector operates can be adjusted by adjusting the loading on the spring. The pressures at which the injectors operate vary depending on the engine, but can be as high as 540 bar. Some injectors have internal cooling passages in them extending into the nozzle through which cooling water is circulated. This is to prevent overheating and burning of the nozzle tip. Injectors on modern engines do not have internal cooling passages. They are cooled by a combination of the intensive bore cooling in the cylinder head being close to the valve pockets and by the fuel which is re-circulated through the injector when the follower is on the base of the cam or when the engine is stopped. As well as cooling the injector, re-circulating the fuel when the engine is stopped keeps the fuel at the correct viscosity for injection by preventing it from cooling down. Fuel injectors must be kept in good condition to maintain optimum efficiency, and to prevent conditions arising which could lead to damage within the cylinder. Injectors should be changed in line with manufacturers&39; recommendations, overhauled and tested. Springs can weaken with repeated operation leading to the injector opening at a lower pressure than designed. The needle valve and seat can wear which together with worn nozzle holes will lead to incorrect atomization and dribbling.

Modern uniflow scavenged engines have______.

A.a single injector mounted in the center of the cylinder head

B.several injectors mounted around the external boundary of the cylinder head

C.a single injector mounted at the external boundary of the cylinder head

D.several injectors mounted in the center of the cylinder head