In this part, you are allowed 40 minutes to write a composition on the title of “Wen C

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition about"The Earth"in three paragraphs. You are given some key words and are required to develop its ideas. Write about 120 words for your essay. Remember to write clearly on the Answer Sheet.

  

The Earth

  Key Words: earth, planet, be fit for, human being, air, water, damage, pollute, use up, resource, measures, protect, importance, environmental, ways, make use of, waste, save

Where to live--in the City or in the Country?

  Directions: You are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition in no less than 100 words on the topic"Where to Live--in the City or in the Country?"You should base your composition on the .following outline given in English.

  OUTLINE:

  1. Conveniences of the city and attractions of the country;

  2. Disadvantages of both;

  3. My Preference.

【题目描述】

For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: Waste From Our Homes. You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the. outline given in Chinese below:

1．在家做任何事都会产生废弃物

2．废弃物有气体、固体和液体状态

3．保护环境要从自己身边的小事做起

【我提交的答案】：Whatever we do at home is bound to product waste.Waste is three types,gas is one of them.So we should protect environment from ourselves. Protecting environment is very important,and all people is responseble for it. What should we do? First,we must save the paper and not throw the paper .Second,we are better to carry a bagket when we go shopping .Besides,we are bound to save water and make it best use.the water can water flowers after we have washed clothes and so on . I wish everyone chould try our best to pretect the environment.

【参考答案分析】：

Waste From Our Homes Can you believe that anything you do at home produces waste? We are breathing in oxygen and breathing out carbon dioxide. Other waste, gases are produced from fire when we cook food. Burning rubbish in the garden aim emit waste gases and smoke. Every day we are producing garbage from the kitchen. These garbage include food scrapes, paper, plastic bags and cans. We also produce waste water from kitchen and bathroom.Sometimes the waste can be treated and recycled, but some waste like plastic bags cannot be recycled and it will do harm to our environment. So in order to protect our earth, we should use things that can be recycled.

Statements

Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear several short statements. These statements will be spoken ONLY ONCE, and you will not find them written on the paper, so you must listen carefully. When you hear a statement, read the answer choices and decide which one is closest in meaning to the statement you have heard. Then write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.

听力原文：The Forbidden City is a heritage of the world. It doesn't matter if the coffee shop is in American, British or Ethiopian, as long as it is harmless.

(21)

A．Proper shops, even foreign, should be allowed in the Forbidden City.

B．The coffee shops do harm to the Forbidden City, so we should get rid of them.

C．Whether the shops are harmful depends on their country they are from.

D．The coffee shops in the Forbidden City used to be harmless, but not now.

Statements

Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear several short statements. These statements will be spoken ONLY ONCE, and you will not find them written on the paper, so you must listen carefully. When you hear a statement, read the answer choices and decide which one is closest in meaning to the statement you have heard. Then write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.

听力原文：They decided not to hold the reception because of the storm warnings.

(21)

A．The store warned them not to hold the party.

B．They canceled the reception because a storm is likely to come.

C．The reception was disrupted by the storm.

D．They decided not to have the reception in the store because it's not big enough to hold one.

Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.

Will We Run Out of Water?

Picture a "ghost ship" sinking into the sand, left to rot on dry land by a receding sea. Then imagine dust storms sweeping up toxic pesticides and chemical fertilizers from the dry seabed and spewing them across towns and villages.

Seem like a scene from a movie about the end of the world? For people living near the Aral Sea in Central Asia, it's all too real. Thirty years ago, government planners diverted the rivers that flow into the sea in order to irrigate farmland. As a result, the sea has shrunk to half its original size, stranding ships on dry land. The seawater has tripled in salt content and become polluted, killing all 24 native species of fish.

Similar large scale efforts to redirect water in other parts of the world have also ended in ecological crisis, according to numerous environmental groups. But many countries continue to build massive dams and irrigation systems, even though such projects can create more problems than they fix. Why? People in many parts of the world are desperate for water, and more people will need more water in the next century.

"Growing populations will worsen problems with water," says Peter H. Gleick, an environmental scientist at the Pacific Institute for studies in Development, Environment, and Security, a research organization in California. He fears that by the year 2025, as many as one third of the world's projected 8.3 billion people will suffer from water shortages.

Where Water Goes

Only 2.5 percent of all water on Earth is freshwater, water suitable for drinking and growing food, says Sandra Postel, director of the Global Water Policy Project in Amherst, Mass. Two thirds of this freshwater is locked in glaciers and ice caps. In fact, only a tiny percentage of freshwater is part of the water cycle, in which water evaporates and rises into the atmosphere, then condenses and falls back to Earth as precipitation (rain or snow).

Some precipitation runs off land to lakes and oceans, and some becomes groundwater, water that seeps into the earth. Much of this renewable freshwater ends up in remote places like the Amazon river basin in Brazil, where few people live. In fact, the world's population has access to only 12,500 cubic kilometers of freshwater—about the amount of water in Lake Superior. And people use half of this amount already. "If water demand continues to climb rapidly," says Postel, "there will be severe shortages and damage to the aquatic environment."

Close to Home

Water woes may seem remote to people living in rich countries like the United States. But Americans could face serious water shortages, too, especially in areas that rely on groundwater. Groundwater accumulates in aquifers, layers of sand and gravel that lie between soil and bedrock. (For every liter of surface water, more than 90 liters are hidden underground). Although the United States has large aquifers, farmers, ranchers, and cities are tapping many of them for water faster than nature can replenish it. In northwest Texas, for example, over pumping has shrunk groundwater supplies by 25 percent, according to Postel.

Americans may face even more urgent problems from pollution. Drinking water in the United States is generally safe and meets high standards. Nevertheless, one in five Americans every day unknowingly drinks tap water contaminated with bacteria and chemical wastes, according to the Environmental Protection Agency. In Milwaukee, 400,000 people fell ill in 1993 after drinking tap water tainted with Cryptosporidium, a microbe that causes fever, diarrhea and vomiting.

The Source

Where do contaminants come from? In developing countries, people dump raw sewage into the same streams and rivers from which they draw water for drinking and cooking; about 250 million people a year get sick from water borne diseases.

In developed countries, manufacturers use 100,000 chemical compounds to make a wide range of products. Toxic chemicals pollute water when released untreated into rivers and lakes. (Certain compounds, such as polychlorinated biphenyls, or PCBs, have been banned in the United States.)

But almost everyone contributes to water pollution. People often pour household cleaners, car antifreeze, and paint thinners down the drain; all of these contain hazardous chemicals. Scientists studying water in the San Francisco Bay reported in 1996 that 70 percent of the pollutants could be traced to household waste.

Farmers have been criticized for overusing herbicides and pesticides, chemicals that kill weeds and insects but that pollutes water as well. Farmers also use nitrates, nitrogen-rich fertilizer that helps plants grow but that can wreak havoc on the environment. Nitrates are swept away by surface runoff to lakes and seas. Too many nitrates "over enrich" these bodies of water, encouraging the buildup of algae, or microscopic plants that live on the surface of the water. Algae deprive the water of oxygen that fish need to survive, at times choking off life in an entire body of water.

What's the Solution?

Water expert Gleick advocates conservation and local solutions to water related problems; governments, for instance, would be better off building small-scale dams rather than huge and disruptive projects like the one that ruined the Aral Sea.

"More than 1 billion people worldwide don't have access to basic clean drinking water," says Gleick. "There has to be a strong push on the part of everyone—governments and1 ordinary people—to make sure we have a resource so fundamental to life."

1.What causes the Aral Sea to shrink?

A. Global warming.

B. The widespread drought.

C. The water projects diverted the rivers.

D. The government's construction.

Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)

Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.

The Future of Television: What's on Next?

Bosses in the television industry have been keeping a nervous eye on two Scandinavians with a reputation for causing trouble. In recent years Niklas Zennstrom, a Swede, find Janus Friis, a Dane, have frightened the music industry by inventing KaZaA, a "peer-to-peer" (P2P) file-sharing program that was widely used to download music without paying for it. Then they horrified the mighty telecoms industry by inventing Skype, another P2P program, which lets Internet users make free telephone calls between computers, and very cheap calls to ordinary phones. Their next move was to found yet another start-up -- this time ,one that threatened to devastate(毁坏) the television industry.

It may do the opposite, as it turns out. The new service, called Joost and now in advanced testing, is based on P2P software that runs on people's computers, just like Skype and KaZaA. And it does indeed promise to transform. the experience of watching television by combining what people like about old-fashioned TV with the exciting possibilities of the Internet. "But unlike KaZaA and Skype," says Fredrik de Wahl, a Swede whom Mr. Zennstrom and Friis have hired as Joost's boss," Joost does not disrupt the industry that it is entering. Instead, rather than undercutting television networks and producers, Joost might, as it were, give them new juice. "

That is because Mr. de Wahl and his Joost team, working mostly in the Netherlands, have bravely ignored the totems (图腾) of the Internet-video boom. Chief among these fashions is letting users upload anything they want to a video service -- which might include clips of themselves doing odd things (" user-generated content") or, more questionably, videos pirated from other sources. The celebrated example of this approach is You Tube, which is now part of Google, the leader in Internet search. Its big problem, however, is that it can be illegal (if copyright is violated) and terribly hard to turn into a business.

On February 2nd Viacom, an American media giant, became the latest company to demand that YouTube remove copyright-infringing (侵犯版权的) clips from its website. YouTube has struck deals with some media firms, including NBC and CBS, to allow their material to appear on its site, and had been trying to thrash out a similar agreement with Viacom. Many observers regard Viacom's move as a negotiating tactic. But whether YouTube can make money is unclear. Last month Chad Hurley, YouTube's chief executive, sketched out plans for generating advertising revenues and sharing them with content providers, but so far his firm has none to speak of.

The Innovation of Joost

Joost is also ignoring the two business models seen as the most respectable alternatives to advertising. One is to make users pay for each television show or film they download, but then to let them keep it. This is the tack chosen by Apple, an electronics firm that sells videos on iTunes, its popular online store; by Amazon, the largest online retailer; and by Wal-Mart, the largest traditional retailer, which launched a video-download service this week. The other approach is to let users subscribe to what is, in effect, an all-you-can-eat buffet of videos, and then to" stream" video to their computers without leaving a permanent copy. This is the approach taken by, for instance, Netflix, a Californian firm that mostly delivers DVDs to its subscribers by post, but now als

A．the telecoms industry

B．the music and telecoms industry

C．the telecoms and television industry

D．the music, telecoms and television industry

Directions: In this part, you will have j5minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions l-7, choose the best answerfrom the four choices markedA),B),c)and D).For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.

It looked like a scene from Jaws but without the dramatic music. A huge shark was slowly swimming through the water, its tail swinging back and forth like the pendulum of a clock.

Suddenly sensitive nerve ending in the shark's skin picked up vibrations of a struggling fish. The shark was immediately transformed into a deadly, efficient machine of death. With muscles taut, the shark knifed through the water at a rapid speed. In a flash the shark caught its victim, a large fish, in its powerful jaws. Then, jerking its head back and forth, the shark tore huge chunks of flesh from its victim and swallowed them. Soon the action was over.

Moving to Survive

In pursuing its prey, the shark demonstrated in a dramatic way the important role of movement, or locomotion, in animals.

Like the shark. most animals use movement to find food. They also use locomotion to escape enemies, find a mate, and explore new territories. The methods of locomotion include crawling, hopping, slithering, flying, swimming, or walking.

Humans have the added advantage of using their various inventions to move about in just about any kind of environment. Automobiles, rockets, and submarines transport humans from deep oceans to as far away as the moon. However, for other animals movement came about naturally through millions of years of evolution. One of the most successfiil examples of animal locomotion is that of the shark. Its ability to quickly zero in on its prey has always impressed scientists. But it took a detailed study by Duke University marine biologists S. A. Wainwright, F. Vosburgh, and J. H. Hebrank to find out how the sharks did it. In their study the scientists observed sharks swimming in a tank at Marine land in Saint Augustine, Fla. Movies were taken of the sharks' movements and analyzed. Studies were also made of shark skin and muscle.

Skin Is the Key

The biologits discovered that the skin of the shark is the key to the animal's high efficiency in swimming through the water. The skin contains many fibers that cnsscross like the inside of a belted radial tire. The fibers are called collagen (胶原 ) fibers. These fibers can either store or release large amounts of energy depending on whether the fibers are relaxed or taut. When the fibers are stretched. energy is stored in them the way energy is stored in the string of a bow when pulled tight. When the energy is released, the fibers become relaxed.

The Duke University biologists have found that the greatest stretching occurs where the shark bends its body while swimming. During the body's back and forth motion, fibers along the outside part of the bending body stretch greatly. Much potential energy is stored in the fibers. This energy is released when the shark's body snaps back the other way.

As energy is altemately stored and released on both sides of the animal's body, the tail whips strongly back and forth. This whip-like action propels the animal through the water like a living bullet.

Source of Energy .

What causes the fibers to store so much energy? In finding the answer the Duke University scientists leamed that the shark's similarity to a belted radial tire doesn't stop with the skin. Just as a radial tire is inflated by pressure, so, too, is the area just under the shark's collagen "radials". Instead of air pressure, however, the pressure in the shark may be due to the force of the blood pressing on the collagen fibers.

When the shark swims slowly, the pressure on the fibers is relatively low. The fibers are more relaxed, and the shark is able to bend its body at sharp angles. The animal swims this way when looking around for food orjust swimming However, when the shark detects an important food source, some fantastic involuntary changes take place.

The pressure inside the animal may increase by 10 times. This pressure change greatly stretches the fibers, enabling much energy to be stored.

This energy is then transferred to the tail, and the shark is off. The rest of the story is predictable.

Dolphin Has Speed Record

Another fast marine animal is the dolphin. This seagoing mammal has been clocked at speeds of 32 kilometers ( 20 miles) an hour. Biologists studying the dolphin have discovered that, like the shark, the animal's efficient locomotion can be traced to its skin. A dolphin's skin is made up in such a way that it offer very little resistance to the water flowing over it. Normally when a fish or other object moves slowly through the water, the water flows smoothly past the body. This smooth flow is known as laminarflow (层流 ). However, at faster speeds the water becomes more turbulent along the moving fish. This turbulence muses friction and slows the fish down.

In a dolphin the skin is so flexible that it bends and yields to the waviness of the water.

The waves, in effect, become tucked into the skin's folds. This allows the rest of the water to move smoothly by in a laminar flow. Where other animals would be slowed by turbulent water at rapid speeds, the dolphin can race through the water at record breaking speeds.

Other Animals Less Efficient

Not all animals move as efficiently as sharks and dolphins. Perhaps the greatest loser in locomotion efficiency is the slug (鼻涕虫). The slug, which looks like a snail without a shell, lays down a slimy trail over which it crawls. It uses so much energy producing the slimy mucus and crawling over it that a mouse traveling the same distance uses only one twelfth as much energy.

Scientists say that because of the slug's inefficient use of energy, its lifestyle. must be restricted. That is, the animals are forced to confine themselves to small areas for obtaining food and finding proper living conditions. Have humans ever been faced with this kind of problem?

1. According to the passage, a shark finds its prey by____.

A. smelling

B. the sense of hearing

C. feeling

D. the sense of sight

Talks and Conversations

Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear several short talks and conversations. After each of these, you will hear a few questions. Listen carefully because you will hear the talk or conversation and questions ONLY ONCE, when you hear a question, read the four answer choices and choose the best answer to that question. Then write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.

听力原文：Man: Hello. Woman: Hello, Sam. This is Paula Handson. Sorry to bother you. But I'm having a small problem I though you might be able to help me with.

Man: Sure, Paula. What's up?

Woman: Well, you know Sarah and I moved into an off-campus apartment in the fall. over on the west side of town? Anyway we've been happy with it until the past couple of months.

Man: Yeah. What happened? Woman: Well, the dishwasher broke down. SO we reported it to Ms Connors, the owner, she said she'd take care of it. But a month went by and nothing happened.

Man: Did you get back in touch with her?

Woman: I got a repairperson to give me an estimate, then I sent it to her. When I didn't hear from her, I had the repair done. And I deducted the cost from the rent check.

Man: So what's the problem?

Woman: She called here mad as a hornet. She said she could have gotten the repair done for less money. Now she's threatening to evict us for not paying the full rent.

Man: Hold on, Paula. It does sound pretty serious. But I'm sure you can all sit down and work this out.

Woman: Well, you are over at the law school. So I wondered ff you would mind coming with Sarah and me when we go to talk to Ms. Connors. We're supposed to meet with her tomorrow night at eight.

Man: Sure. I haven't studied a lot about contracts yet. But I'd be glad to help you straighten things out. Why don't I stop by at around 7:30?

Woman: Thanks, Sam. You're a lifesaver.

Questions:

11.Why was Paula unhappy?

12Why was Ms. Connors so angry?

13.What were Paula and her roommate planning to do?

14.Why does Paula think Sam can help her?

(31)

A．She's having trouble with the owner of the apartment.

B．Her roommate won't share expense.

C．The apartment is too far from the campus.

D．The dishwasher broke down and no one came to repair it.

Talks and Conversations

Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear several short talks and conversations. After each of these, you will hear a few questions. Listen carefully because you will hear the talk or conversation and questions ONLY ONCE, when you hear a question, read the four answer choices and choose the best answer to that question. Then write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.

听力原文：M: Hi, Ann, welcome back. How's your trip to the states?

W: Very busy. I had a lot of meetings. So, of course, I didn't have much time to see New York.

M: What a pity. Actually I have a trip there myself next week.

W: Do you? Then take my advice. Do the well-being in the air program. It really works.

M: Oh, I read about that in a magazine. You say it works?

W: Yes. I did the program on the flight to the States. And when I arrived in New York, I didn't have any problem. No jet leg at all. On the way back I didn't do it, and I felt terrible.

M: You are joking.

W: Not at all. It really made a lot of difference.

M: Hmm... So, what did you do?

W: Well, I didn't drink any alcohol or coffee and I didn't eat any meat or rich food. I drink a lot of water and fruit juice and I eat the meals on the well-being menu. They are lighter. They have fish, vegetables and noodles, for example. And I did some of the exercises in the program.

M: Exercises? On a plane?

W: Yes. I didn't do many, of course. There isn't much space on the plane.

M: How many passengers did the exercises?

W: Not many.

M: And how much champagne did they drink?

W: A lot. It was more popular than mineral water.

M: So, basically it's a choice. Mineral water and exercises or champagne and jet lag.

W: That's right. It's a difficult choice.

Q. 11. Why did the woman go to New York?

Q. 12.What does the woman say about the well-being in the air program?

Q. 13.What did the woman do to follow the well-being menu?

Q. 14.What did the woman say about other passengers?

(31)

A．To go sightseeing.

B．To have meetings.

C．To promote a new champagne.

D．To join in a training program.