某托运人从安阳托运一台机器，重26t，使用60t货车一辆装运至徐州北。请计算其运费。已知：里程表中，安阳到徐州北的运价里程为556km，查品名分类与代码表，机器运价号为6号运价，查运价率表，6号运价的基价1为14.6元／t，基价2为0.0724元／（t·km）。

一字之差的合同山西省大同市某公司与内蒙古自治区某公司通过函件订立了一个买卖合同。因货物采取铁路运输的方式，而内蒙古公司作为卖方将到达栏内的"大同县站"写成"大同站"。因此导致货物运错了车站，造成了双方的合同纠纷。本案例中，错发货的主要责任在于发货方，与铁路部门无关，应由发货方承担对收货方的赔偿责任。

问题：

1．订单、运单、货票哪个是铁路运输合同？

2．本例中，为什么铁路不承担相关责任？站名应根据什么填写？

某公司的EDI系统某大型国际物流公司，其在亚洲的服务网点超过千家，每日处理的单据超过一万张，如果采用人工录入的方式，无法完成工作，也因此导致对客户服务质量的下降。该公司为解决这个问题，在其集散分拔中心建立了一个电子数据交换（EDI）平台，来自各地的作业单据通过电子数据交换平台自动地导入信息管理系统，有效地提高了物流服务的整体水平，既节约了企业经营成本，也使企业有能力向客户提供新的服务类型，进而增加了企业的经营收益。据统计，日本东芝公司采用EDI后，平均每笔交易的文件费用由1500日元降低为375日元；美国通用汽车公司采用EDI后，每生产一辆汽车可节约成本250美元，按年产汽车500万辆计算，一年就可产生12.5亿美元的经济效益；新加坡在使用EDI后，每年节省10亿新加坡元，过去，新加坡报关至少要3天，实行EDI只需15分钟。有调查报告表明：70%以上的进出口商要求与具有EDI能力的供应商合作，否则将不再合作。

1．通过案例谈谈什么是EDI。

2．EDI可以给企业带来什么好处？

A集团的ERP系统A集团是一家专业的快速消费品生产厂商，它通过引入现代物流管理方式，加快产成品走向市场的速度。同时使库存占用资金、仓储费用及周转运输在一年多的时间里降低了3900万元。从开票、批条子的计划调拨到在全国建立代理经销商制，是A集团为适应市场竞争进行的一次重大调整。但在运作中却发现，由代理商控制市场局面，在市场上倒来倒去的做法，只能牵着企业的鼻子走，加上目前市场的信誉度较差，使A集团在组织生产和销售时遇到很大困难。1998年第一季度，A集团的物流管理系统开始启动，当时其产品的产量不过30多万吨，但库存就高达3万吨，限产处理积压，按市场需求组织生产成为当时的主要任务。A集团先后派出两批业务骨干到国外考察、学习，提出了优化产成品物流渠道的具体做法和规划方案。这项以消费者为中心、以市场为导向、以提高供应链运行效率为目标的物流管理改革，建立起了集团与各销售点物流、信息流和资金流全部由计算机网络管理的智能化配送体系。A集团首先成立了仓储调度中心，对国内的仓储活动进行重新规划，引入了信息系统，对产品的仓储、转库进行统一管理和控制。由提供单一的仓储服务，到对产成品的市场区域分布、流通时间等进行全面的调整、平衡和控制，仓储调度成为销售过程中降低成本、增加效益的重要一环。以原运输公司为基础，A集团注册成立具有独立法人资格的物流有限公司，引进现代物流理念和技术，并完全按照市场机制运作。作为提供运输服务的"卖方"，物流公司能够确保按规定要求，以最短的时间、最少的环节和最经济的运送方式，将产品送至目的地。同时，A集团应用建立在Internet信息传输基础上的ERP系统，将物流、信息流、资金流全面统一在计算机网络的智能化管理之下，建立起各分公司与总公司之间的快速信息通道，及时掌握各地最新的市场库存、货物和资金流动情况，为制定市场策略提供准确的依据，并且简化了业务运行程序，提高了销售系统动作效率，增强了企业的应变能力。同时，A集团还对运输仓储过程中的各个环节进行了重新整合、优化，以减少运输周转次数、压缩库存、缩短产品仓储和周转时间等。具体做法包括：根据客户订单，产品从生产厂直接运往港、站；省内订货从生产厂直接运到客户仓库。仅此一项，每箱的成本就下降了0.5元。同时，对仓储的存量作了科学的界定，并规定了上限和下限，上限为1.2万吨。低于下限发出要货指令，高于上限不再安排生产，这样使仓储成为生产调度的"平衡器"，从根本上改变了淡季库存积压，旺季市场断档的尴尬局面，满足了市场对新鲜度的需求。目前，A集团仓库面积由7万多平方米下降到2.9万平方米，产成品库存量平均降到6000吨。这个产品物流体系实现了环环相扣，销售部门根据各地销售网络的要货计划和市场预测，制订销售计划：仓储部门根据销售计划和库存及时向生产企业传递要货信息；生产企业有针对性地组织生产，物流公司则及时地调度运力，确保交货质量和交货期。同时销售代理商在有了稳定的货源供应后，可以从人、财、物等方面进一步降低销售成本，增加效益。经过1年多的运转，A集团的物流网已取得了阶段性成果，产成品周转速度加快，库存下降使资金占用下降了3500多万元，仓储面积降低，仓储费用下降187万元，市内周转运输费降低了189.6万元。现代物流管理体系的建立，使A集团的整体营销水平和市场竞争能力大大提高，1999年，A集团产销量达到107万吨，再登国内榜首。其建立的信息网络系统还具有较强的扩展性，为企业在拥有完善的物流配送体系和成熟的市场供求关系时开展电子商务准备了必要的条件。请根据上述案例回答以下问题：

1．请比较一下A集团的仓储调度中心与传统的仓储系统。

2．A集团成立自己的物流公司对集团而言有什么好处？

3．在公司的整个物流系统中，通常对于信息的质量有什么样的要求？

4．请简述ERP系统和传统的物流信息系统有什么区别？

CreatingtheLogisticsVisionNowadays,mostcompaniesarefamiliarwiththeideaof"missionstatement"asanexpressionofsettingavisionforthebusiness.Themissionstatementseekstodefinethepur-poseofthebusiness,itsboundariesanditsaspirations.Itisnowcommonfororganizationstohavesuchstatementforthebusinessasawholeandforkeyconstituentcomponents.Whatsomecompanieshavefoundisthattherecanbesignificantbenefitstodefiningthelo-gisticsvisionofthefirm.Thepurposeofthelogisticsvisionstatementistogiveaclearindicationwhichbusinessintendstobuildapositionofadvantagethroughclosercustomerrelationship.Suchstate-mentisnevereasytoconstruct.Thereisalwaysthedangerthattheywillpublishtheener-geticandencouragingdeclarationthatgiveeveryoneawarmfeelingbutprovidenoguidelineforaction.Ideallythelogisticsvisionshouldbebuiltaroundthesimpleissueof"Howdoweintendtouselogisticsandsupplychainmanagementtocreatevalueforourcustomers?"Torealizethisideawillnecessitateadetailedunderstandingofhowcustomervalueiscreatedanddeliv-eredinthemarketinwhichthebusinesscompetes.Valuechainanalysiswillbeafundamen-talelementinthisinvestigationaswillthedefinitionofthecorecompetenciesandcapabilitiesoftheorganization.Askingthequestion"Whatactivitiesdoweexcelin?"and"Whatisitthatdifferentiatesusfromourcompetitors?"isthestartingpointforcreatingthelogisticsvisionstatement.Earlier,itwassuggestedthatthethreewords"Better,Faster,Cheaper"summarizesthewaysinwhichlogisticsvisionstatementcanprovidevalueforcustomers.Thecriterionforgoodlogisticsvisionstatementisthatitshouldprovidetheroadmapforhowthesethreegoalsaretobeachieved．Questions:

How should a logistics vision statement add value to its customers？（）

A.To provide cheaper services.

B.To provide more choices for transportations.

C.To communicate better with customers.

D.To provide better,more cost-effective and punctual services.

CreatingtheLogisticsVisionNowadays,mostcompaniesarefamiliarwiththeideaof"missionstatement"asanexpressionofsettingavisionforthebusiness.Themissionstatementseekstodefinethepur-poseofthebusiness,itsboundariesanditsaspirations.Itisnowcommonfororganizationstohavesuchstatementforthebusinessasawholeandforkeyconstituentcomponents.Whatsomecompanieshavefoundisthattherecanbesignificantbenefitstodefiningthelo-gisticsvisionofthefirm.Thepurposeofthelogisticsvisionstatementistogiveaclearindicationwhichbusinessintendstobuildapositionofadvantagethroughclosercustomerrelationship.Suchstate-mentisnevereasytoconstruct.Thereisalwaysthedangerthattheywillpublishtheener-geticandencouragingdeclarationthatgiveeveryoneawarmfeelingbutprovidenoguidelineforaction.Ideallythelogisticsvisionshouldbebuiltaroundthesimpleissueof"Howdoweintendtouselogisticsandsupplychainmanagementtocreatevalueforourcustomers?"Torealizethisideawillnecessitateadetailedunderstandingofhowcustomervalueiscreatedanddeliv-eredinthemarketinwhichthebusinesscompetes.Valuechainanalysiswillbeafundamen-talelementinthisinvestigationaswillthedefinitionofthecorecompetenciesandcapabilitiesoftheorganization.Askingthequestion"Whatactivitiesdoweexcelin?"and"Whatisitthatdifferentiatesusfromourcompetitors?"isthestartingpointforcreatingthelogisticsvisionstatement.Earlier,itwassuggestedthatthethreewords"Better,Faster,Cheaper"summarizesthewaysinwhichlogisticsvisionstatementcanprovidevalueforcustomers.Thecriterionforgoodlogisticsvisionstatementisthatitshouldprovidetheroadmapforhowthesethreegoalsaretobeachieved．Questions:

What does mission statement intend to do？（）

A.To please management.

B.To define,summarize anda chieve a common goal.

C.To achieve higher market share and profitability.

D.To develop new market.

CreatingtheLogisticsVisionNowadays,mostcompaniesarefamiliarwiththeideaof"missionstatement"asanexpressionofsettingavisionforthebusiness.Themissionstatementseekstodefinethepur-poseofthebusiness,itsboundariesanditsaspirations.Itisnowcommonfororganizationstohavesuchstatementforthebusinessasawholeandforkeyconstituentcomponents.Whatsomecompanieshavefoundisthattherecanbesignificantbenefitstodefiningthelo-gisticsvisionofthefirm.Thepurposeofthelogisticsvisionstatementistogiveaclearindicationwhichbusinessintendstobuildapositionofadvantagethroughclosercustomerrelationship.Suchstate-mentisnevereasytoconstruct.Thereisalwaysthedangerthattheywillpublishtheener-geticandencouragingdeclarationthatgiveeveryoneawarmfeelingbutprovidenoguidelineforaction.Ideallythelogisticsvisionshouldbebuiltaroundthesimpleissueof"Howdoweintendtouselogisticsandsupplychainmanagementtocreatevalueforourcustomers?"Torealizethisideawillnecessitateadetailedunderstandingofhowcustomervalueiscreatedanddeliv-eredinthemarketinwhichthebusinesscompetes.Valuechainanalysiswillbeafundamen-talelementinthisinvestigationaswillthedefinitionofthecorecompetenciesandcapabilitiesoftheorganization.Askingthequestion"Whatactivitiesdoweexcelin?"and"Whatisitthatdifferentiatesusfromourcompetitors?"isthestartingpointforcreatingthelogisticsvisionstatement.Earlier,itwassuggestedthatthethreewords"Better,Faster,Cheaper"summarizesthewaysinwhichlogisticsvisionstatementcanprovidevalueforcustomers.Thecriterionforgoodlogisticsvisionstatementisthatitshouldprovidetheroadmapforhowthesethreegoalsaretobeachieved．Questions:

What kind of goals can mission statement fail to achieve？（）

A.Fail to provide realistic guidelines to guide the actions to achieve results.

B.Fail to design a goal that everyone agrees.

C.Fail to point out a good goal.

D.Fail to implement effectively.

CreatingtheLogisticsVisionNowadays,mostcompaniesarefamiliarwiththeideaof"missionstatement"asanexpressionofsettingavisionforthebusiness.Themissionstatementseekstodefinethepur-poseofthebusiness,itsboundariesanditsaspirations.Itisnowcommonfororganizationstohavesuchstatementforthebusinessasawholeandforkeyconstituentcomponents.Whatsomecompanieshavefoundisthattherecanbesignificantbenefitstodefiningthelo-gisticsvisionofthefirm.Thepurposeofthelogisticsvisionstatementistogiveaclearindicationwhichbusinessintendstobuildapositionofadvantagethroughclosercustomerrelationship.Suchstate-mentisnevereasytoconstruct.Thereisalwaysthedangerthattheywillpublishtheener-geticandencouragingdeclarationthatgiveeveryoneawarmfeelingbutprovidenoguidelineforaction.Ideallythelogisticsvisionshouldbebuiltaroundthesimpleissueof"Howdoweintendtouselogisticsandsupplychainmanagementtocreatevalueforourcustomers?"Torealizethisideawillnecessitateadetailedunderstandingofhowcustomervalueiscreatedanddeliv-eredinthemarketinwhichthebusinesscompetes.Valuechainanalysiswillbeafundamen-talelementinthisinvestigationaswillthedefinitionofthecorecompetenciesandcapabilitiesoftheorganization.Askingthequestion"Whatactivitiesdoweexcelin?"and"Whatisitthatdifferentiatesusfromourcompetitors?"isthestartingpointforcreatingthelogisticsvisionstatement.Earlier,itwassuggestedthatthethreewords"Better,Faster,Cheaper"summarizesthewaysinwhichlogisticsvisionstatementcanprovidevalueforcustomers.Thecriterionforgoodlogisticsvisionstatementisthatitshouldprovidetheroadmapforhowthesethreegoalsaretobeachieved．Questions:

What should a logistics mission statement provide？（）

A.Management encouragement.

B.A design of new methods to apply to customer satisfaction.

C.Some detailed actions to undertake to obtain more market share.

D.An outline of actions for goals to be achieved．

CreatingtheLogisticsVisionNowadays,mostcompaniesarefamiliarwiththeideaof"missionstatement"asanexpressionofsettingavisionforthebusiness.Themissionstatementseekstodefinethepur-poseofthebusiness,itsboundariesanditsaspirations.Itisnowcommonfororganizationstohavesuchstatementforthebusinessasawholeandforkeyconstituentcomponents.Whatsomecompanieshavefoundisthattherecanbesignificantbenefitstodefiningthelo-gisticsvisionofthefirm.Thepurposeofthelogisticsvisionstatementistogiveaclearindicationwhichbusinessintendstobuildapositionofadvantagethroughclosercustomerrelationship.Suchstate-mentisnevereasytoconstruct.Thereisalwaysthedangerthattheywillpublishtheener-geticandencouragingdeclarationthatgiveeveryoneawarmfeelingbutprovidenoguidelineforaction.Ideallythelogisticsvisionshouldbebuiltaroundthesimpleissueof"Howdoweintendtouselogisticsandsupplychainmanagementtocreatevalueforourcustomers?"Torealizethisideawillnecessitateadetailedunderstandingofhowcustomervalueiscreatedanddeliv-eredinthemarketinwhichthebusinesscompetes.Valuechainanalysiswillbeafundamen-talelementinthisinvestigationaswillthedefinitionofthecorecompetenciesandcapabilitiesoftheorganization.Askingthequestion"Whatactivitiesdoweexcelin?"and"Whatisitthatdifferentiatesusfromourcompetitors?"isthestartingpointforcreatingthelogisticsvisionstatement.Earlier,itwassuggestedthatthethreewords"Better,Faster,Cheaper"summarizesthewaysinwhichlogisticsvisionstatementcanprovidevalueforcustomers.Thecriterionforgoodlogisticsvisionstatementisthatitshouldprovidetheroadmapforhowthesethreegoalsaretobeachieved．Questions:

Which element should a logistics mtssion statement focus on？（）

A.Transportation.

B.Costs.

C.Customers.

D.Punctuality.

A.职业道德的形式因行业不同而有所不同

B.职业道德在内容上具有变动性

C.职业道德在适用范围上具有普遍性

D.讲求职业道德会降低企业竞争力