E.J. Masicampo and Roy Baumeister of Florida State University discovered this by doing some experiments on that most popular of laboratory animals, the impoverished undergraduate. They asked 121 psychology students who had volunteered for the experiment to watch a silent video of a woman being interviewed that had random words appearing in bold black letters every ten seconds along the perimeter of the video. This was the part of the experiment intended to be mentally taxing. Half of the students were told to focus on the woman, to try to understand what she was saying, and to ignore the words along the perimeter. The other half were given no instructions. Those that had to focus were exerting considerable serf-control not to look at the random words.
When the video was over, haft of each group was given a glass of lemonade with sugar in it and half was given a glass of lemonade with sugar substitute. Twelve minutes later, when the glucose from the lemonade with sugar in it had had time to enter the students' blood, the researchers administered a decision-making task that was designed to determine if the participant was using intuition or reason to make up his mind.
The students were asked to think about where they wanted to live in the coming year and given three accommodation options that varied both in size and distance from the university campus. Two of the options were good, but in different ways: one was far from the campus, but very large; the other was close to campus, but smaller. The third option was a decoy, similar to ope of the good options, but obviously not quite as good. ff it was close to campus and small, it was not quite as close as the good close option and slightly smaller, if it was far from campus and large, it was slightly smaller than the good large option and slightly farther away.
Psychologists have known for a long time that having a decoy option in a decision-making task draws people to choose a reasonable option that is similar to the decoy. Dr. Masicampo and Dr. Baumeister suspected that students who had been asked to work hard during the video and then been given a drink without any sugar in it would be more likely to rely on intuition when making this decision than those from the other three groups. And that is what happened; 64% of them were swayed by the decoy. Those who had either not had to exert mental energy during the showing of the video or had been given glucose in their lemonade, used mason in their decision-making task and were less likely to be swayed by the decoy.
It is not clear why intuition is independent of glucose. It could be that humans inherited a default nervous system from other mammals that was similar to intuition, and that could make snap decisions about whether to fight or flee regardless of how much glucose was in the body.
Whatever the reason, the upshot seems to be that thinking is, indeed, hard work. And important decisions should not be made on an empty stomach.
The word "taxing" in the fast paragraph means
A.tiring.
B.imposing taxation.
C.paying taxation.
D.relaxing.
第1题
A. 机体调节钙代谢的主要器官为骨骼、肾及肠
B. B.维生素D对钙代谢具有重要影响
C. C.甲状旁腺素是调节钙代谢的主要因素
D. D.血清钙以游离状态为主
E. E.主要分布于骨骼
第2题
A、机体调节钙代谢的主要器官为骨骼、肾及肠
B、维生素D对钙代谢具有重要影响
C、甲状旁腺素是调节钙代谢的主要因素
D、血清钙以游离状态为主
E、主要分布于骨骼
第3题
下列因素除哪项外,其余均为影响振动作用的主要因素
A.频率与振幅
B.个体敏感性
C.体位
D.加速度与速度
E.环境条件
第4题
下列除哪项外均为肾病综合征蛋白质代谢紊乱后导致的后果
A.营养不良
B.感染
C.血栓栓塞
D.影响药物的药代动力学
E.内分泌紊乱
第5题
下列除哪项外均为肾病综合征蛋白质代谢紊乱后导致的后果
A.营养不良
B.感染
C.血栓栓塞
D.影响药物的药代动力学
E.内分泌紊乱
第6题
下列除哪项外均为肾病综合征蛋白质代谢紊乱后导致的后果
A.营养不良
B.感染
C.血栓栓塞
D.影响药物的药代动力学
E.内分泌紊乱
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