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Dr Thomas Starzl, like all the pioneers of organ transplantation, had to learn to live wit

h failure. When he performed the world's first liver transplant 25 years ago, the patient, a three-year-old boy, died on the operating table. The next four patients didn't live long enough to get out of the hospital. But more determined than discouraged, Starzl and his colleagues went back to their lab at the University of Colorado Medical School.

They devised techniques to reduce the heavy bleeding during surgery, and they worked on better ways to pre- vent the recipient's immune system from rejecting the organ — an ever-present risk.

But the triumphs of the transplant surgeons have created yet another tragic problem: a severe shortage of donor organs. "As the results get better, more people go on the waiting lists and there's wider disparity between supply and need," says one doctor. The American Council on Transplantation estimated that on any given day 15 000 Americans are waiting for organs. There is no shortage of actual organs; each year about 5 000 healthy people die unexpectedly in the United States, usually in accidents. The problem is that fewer than 20 percent become donors.

This trend persists despite laws designed to encourage organ recycling. Under the federal Uniform. Anatomical Gift Act, a person can authorize the use of his organs after death by signing a statement. Legally, the next of kin can veto these posthumous gifts, but surveys indicate that 70 to 80 percent of the public would not interfere with a family member's decision. The biggest roadblock, according to some experts, is that physicians don't ask for donations, either because they fear offending grieving survivors or because they still regard some transplant procedures as experimental.

When there aren't enough organs to go around, distributing the available ones becomes a matter of deciding who will live and who will die. Once donors and potential recipients have been matched for body size and blood type, the sickest patients customarily go to the top of the local waiting list. Beyond the seriousness of the patients' condition, doctors base their choice on such criteria as the length of time the patient has been waiting, how long it will take to obtain an organ and whether the transplant team can gear up in time.

Which of the following is true according to the text?

A.All the patients whom Dr Starzl operated on died on the operating table.

B.To Dr Starzl it was very discouraging that his first liver transplant failed.

C.Many doctors had performed organ transplant before Dr Starzl.

D.Dr Starzl didn't give up even though he had failed in his attempts.

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更多“Dr Thomas Starzl, like all the pioneers of organ transplantation, had to learn to live wit”相关的问题

第1题

肺炎性假瘤的叙述,哪一项错误()。

A.病理为非特异性炎症或炎症的结局

B. X线表现多为圆形或椭圆形均匀密度肿块

C. 肿块边缘常有长毛刺

D. 炎性假瘤就是机化性肺炎或慢性肺炎

E. 炎性假瘤可发生于两肺野任何部位

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第2题

A.左肺癌

B. 左肺炎性假瘤

C. 左侧纵隔肿瘤

D. 左肺转移瘤

E. 左肺结核瘤

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第3题

女性,56岁,痰中带血,X线检查如图,最合理的诊断是()

A.右肺癌

B. 右肺转移瘤

C. 右肺结核瘤

D. 右肺炎性假瘤

E. 右胸腔积液

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第4题

A.左肺结核瘤

B. 左侧叶间积液

C. 左肺癌

D. 左肺炎性假瘤

E. 左肺错构瘤

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第5题

根据肺炎性假瘤的组织成分可将肺炎性假瘤分为5型,即_______________、_______________、____________、__________________和___________________。
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第6题

下列关于支气管炎的X线表现,不易见到的是()

A.肺纹理增强,边缘模糊

B. 斑片状阴影中杂有结节状阴影病灶,多位于两肺下叶内

C. 肺炎性假瘤

D. 空洞和胸腔积液

E. 有肺气肿X线表现

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第7题

下列不属于肿瘤的是A、神经纤维瘤病B、畸胎瘤C、精原细胞瘤D、肺炎性假瘤E、白血病

下列不属于肿瘤的是

A、神经纤维瘤病

B、畸胎瘤

C、精原细胞瘤

D、肺炎性假瘤

E、白血病

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